Bill Bright

{{About|the evangelist|the linguist|William O. Bright|other people with the same name|William Bright (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox person

| name = Bill Bright

| image = Bill Bright.jpg

| caption = Bill Bright, 1981

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|10|19}}

| birth_place = Coweta, Oklahoma, U.S.

| death_date = {{Death date and age|2003|07|19|1921|10|19}}

| death_place = Orlando, Florida, U.S.

| known_for = Campus Crusade for Christ

| alma_mater = Northeastern State University
Princeton Theological Seminary
Fuller Theological Seminary

| parents =

| spouse = Vonette Zachary Bright

| website =

| footnotes =

}}

William R. Bright (October 19, 1921 – July 19, 2003) was an American evangelist. In 1951 at the University of California, Los Angeles, he founded Campus Crusade for Christ as a ministry for university students.{{cite news| title=William R. Bright, 81, Founder Of Campus Crusade for Christ | newspaper=The New York Times | date=2003-07-22 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/22/us/william-r-bright-81-founder-of-campus-crusade-for-christ.html }} In 1952 he wrote The Four Spiritual Laws. In 1979 he produced the film Jesus.

In 1996 Bill Bright was awarded the $1.1 million Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion, and donated the money to promote the spiritual benefits of fasting and prayer.{{cite news| last=Niebuhr | first=Gustav | title=President of Campus Crusade Gets $1 Million Religion Prize | newspaper=The New York Times | date=1996-03-07 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/07/us/president-of-campus-crusade-gets-1-million-religion-prize.html }} In 2001 he stepped down as leader of the organization and Steve Douglass became president. He died in 2003.

Early life and education

Bill Bright was born in Coweta, Oklahoma, on October 19, 1921. He was the sixth child and fifth son of Forrest Dale and Mary Lee Rohl Bright. His father Forrest Dale was a cattle rancher while his mother Mary Lee was a school teacher prior to marrying Forrest. Bill's father Forrest was actively involved in the Oklahoma Republican Party with Bill remaining a staunch Republican throughout his life. Bill studied economics at Northeastern State University in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. As a student at Northeastern State University, he was initiated into the Zeta chapter of the Sigma Tau Gamma fraternity, and has subsequently been granted honorable alumnus status to the Alpha Gamma Omega Christ-Centered Fraternity. In 1942, Bill enlisted in the United States Navy Reserve but did not see combat service due to a burst eardrum from playing football during high school.{{sfn|Turner|2008|pp=13–17}}

While in his early 20s he moved to Los Angeles, California, and founded a company called "Bright's California Confections." During the 1940s, Bill attended the First Presbyterian Church, Hollywood where he became an evangelical Christian. Bright was influenced by Henrietta Mears, who served as the Director of Christian Education at First Presbyterian Church, and Billy Graham, who later became a prominent American evangelical leader.{{sfn|Turner|2008|pp=17–23}}

In 1946, Bill Bright quit his candy business to pursue Biblical studies and theology at Princeton Theological Seminary and Fuller Theological Seminary. According to the historian John G. Turner, Bright struggled with his academic studies and did not complete his degree at either institution. While studying at Fuller seminary, Bright felt what he regarded as the call of God to reach out to university students and abandoned his academic studies. Before starting his campus ministry, Bright sold off his confections company and settled a financial dispute with his former business partners, the Taylor family. {{sfn|Turner|2008|pp=23–39}}

Family

File:Bill and Vonette Bright.jpg in Turku, Finland in 1980]]

Bill Bright married Vonette Bright on December 30, 1948. The two had been engaged to marry since the spring of 1946. However, Bill at the prompting of Zachary's parents agreed to delay the wedding until her impending 1948 graduation from Texas State College for Women.{{sfn|Turner|2008|pp=31–33}} During the 1950s, Bill and Vonette adopted two boys named Brad and Zachary Bright.{{sfn|Turner|2008|pp=57–58}}{{cite web |title=Vonette Bright: Her Story |url=https://www.cru.org/us/en/about/vonette-bright/her-story.html |publisher=Cru |access-date=July 16, 2018}}{{cite news |title=Brad Bright: Making God the Issue |url=http://www1.cbn.com/700club/brad-bright-making-god-issue |access-date=July 16, 2018 |publisher=Christian Broadcasting Network}}

Ministry career

=Writings=

In 1965, Bright wrote The Four Spiritual Laws, an evangelistic Christian tract. In the booklet he outlines his view of the essentials of the Christian faith concerning salvation. It is summarized as four spiritual laws or principles that govern what he sees as human beings' relationship with God. The booklet ends with a prayer of repentance.

=Creation of Campus Crusade for Christ, early 1950s=

Bright had initially planned to produce an evangelical film called "The Great Adventure" but abandoned the project due to a lack of funding.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}

Though Bright had initially considered partnering with other churches, his disenchantment with their ability to mentor new Christian converts led him to start Campus Crusade for Christ as a parachurch organization. In 1951, after recruiting several volunteers from Fuller Seminary and Hollywood Presbyterian, Bright started Campus Crusade's first chapter at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).{{sfn|Turner|2008|pp=43–45}} According to Turner, Campus Crusade was also inspired by Bright's desire to combat Communist influence in US universities including UCLA, which was then regarded as a hotbed of student radicalism.{{sfn|Turner|2008|p=45, 63-65}}

By 1952, Bright's Campus Crusade had reportedly converted 250 students at UCLA including the student body president, campus newspaper editor, and several athletes including African American decathlete and future Olympian Rafer Johnson.{{cite web |title=1951-1959 |url=https://www.cru.org/us/en/about/what-we-do/milestones.html |publisher=Cru |access-date=July 18, 2018}} While Bill and his colleagues focused on the male students, Vonette focused on reaching out to the female students.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}

In 1953, Campus Crusade established its headquarters in Los Angeles' Westwood Boulevard. Bright's campus outreach was also aided by his Hollywood Presbyterian mentor Henrietta Mears, who allowed the Brights to share her Bel Air home and spoke at several Crusade functions.

=Expansion of Campus Crusade beyond UCLA=

Bright's success at UCLA led him to establish Campus Crusade branches at several other US universities.{{sfn|Turner|2008|pp=46–49}}

Campus Crusade's expansion across several US campuses created friction with other Christian campus groups including InterVarsity Christian Fellowship and liberal campus chaplains, who disagreed with the evangelistic tone of Bright's ministry.{{sfn|Turner|2008|pp=69–74}} In 1956, Bright wrote a 20–minute evangelistic presentation called "God's Plan for Your Life", which set the tone for Campus Crusade's evangelism and discipleship program. Bright also initially partnered with the fundamentalist Bob Jones University. However, the relationship deteriorated after Bright sided with Billy Graham, who had accepted the sponsorship of liberal Protestants for his 1957 New York crusade. In response, Bob Jones Sr. and his son Bob Jones Jr. severed relations with Bright's ministry. According to Turner, this split with Bob Jones University led Bright to gravitate towards the "new evangelical" wing of the Protestant movement, which was associated with Billy Graham's cooperative evangelism. {{sfn|Turner|2008|pp=75–83}}

In 2011 Campus Crusade for Christ had 25,000 missionaries in 191 countries.{{cite news| last=Goodstein | first=Laurie | title=Campus Crusade for Christ Is Renamed | newspaper=The New York Times | date=2011-07-21 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/21/us/21brfs-CAMPUSCRUSAD_BRF.html }}

Later life

Bright held five honorary doctorate degrees: a Doctor of Laws from the Jeonbuk National University of Korea, a Doctor of Divinity from John Brown University, a Doctor of Letters from Houghton Seminary, a Doctor of Divinity from the Los Angeles Bible College and Seminary, and a Doctor of Laws from Pepperdine University.{{cite web |url=http://billbright.ccci.org/staff/presskit/bbprofile.htm |title=Bill Bright: 1921 - 2003 - Press Kit |website=billbright.ccci.org |accessdate=November 26, 2016}}

In 1975, along with fellow evangelist Loren Cunningham (founder of Youth With a Mission) and theologian Francis Schaeffer, Bright was one of the founders of what would later be termed the Seven Mountain Mandate. The idea would later go on to be popularized by Bethel Church pastor Bill Johnson and Lance Wallnau, among others. The concept centers around Christians taking dominion of seven societal spheres of influence: "family, religion, education, media, art, economics, and government."{{Cite web |last=Silliman |first=Daniel |date=October 9, 2023 |title=Died: Loren Cunningham, Who Launched Millions on Short-Term Missions |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2023/october/loren-cunningham-ywam-death-youth-with-mission.html |access-date=August 9, 2024 |website=Christianity Today}}{{Cite web |last=Hardy |first=Elle |date=March 19, 2020 |title=The 'modern apostles' who want to reshape America ahead of the end times |url=https://theoutline.com/post/8856/seven-mountain-mandate-trump-paula-white |access-date=August 9, 2024 |website=The Outline}}

In 1983, he chaired the National Committee for the National Year of the Bible. He was named the 1996 recipient of the $1.1 million Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion.

He wrote more than 100 books and booklets, and thousands of articles and pamphlets. He endorsed the document Evangelicals and Catholics Together.

Bright was a co-founder of the Alliance Defense Fund, which funds high-profile litigation cases on behalf of Christians' First Amendment rights. He was a co-signatory of the Land letter of 2002 which outlined a just war rationale for the 2003 invasion of Iraq, providing a theological underpinning for the invasion being planned by President George W. Bush.{{cite book | last=Faircloth | first=S. | last2=Dawkins | first2=R. | title=Attack of the Theocrats: How the Religious Right Harms Us All—and What We Can Do about It | publisher=Pitchstone Publishing | year=2014 | isbn=978-0-9844932-7-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FgyeCwAAQBAJ |quote=Bright founded the multimillion - dollar Campus Crusade for Christ . He signed the 2002 “ Land Letter ” that offered President George W. Bush religious justifications for invading Iraq.}}

He produced the film Jesus in 1979, which was released by Warner Bros. in the United States. It was not a financial success, losing approximately $2 million.

In 1988 he led the protest against the Martin Scorsese film The Last Temptation of Christ and he called the film "blasphemous".{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-09-07-mn-2485-story.html|title=Campus Crusade for Christ to Leave Southland Headquarters for Florida - latimes|date=September 7, 1989 |work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=October 23, 2015}} He offered to buy the film's negative from Universal in order to destroy it.{{cite web|last=WGBH|title=Culture Shock Flashpoints: Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/flashpoints/theater/lasttemptation.html|publisher=pbs.org|access-date=April 20, 2012}}

Death

Bright died on July 19, 2003, in Orlando, Florida. His wife died in 2015.{{cite news|last1=Roberts|first1=Sam|title=Vonette Z. Bright, a Founder of Campus Crusade for Christ, Dies at 89|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/25/us/vonette-z-bright-a-founder-of-campus-crusade-for-christ-dies-at-89.html?_r=0|access-date=December 26, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=December 24, 2015}}{{cite news|title=A Farewell Tribute: A Life Lived Well|url=http://billbright.ccci.org/staff/multimedia/life_lived_well.pdf|publisher=Campus Crusade for Christ International}}

Politics

Bill Bright's father Dale Bright was a staunch Republican who served as the chairman of the Wagoner Country Republican Party. Like his father, Bill remained a staunch Republican supporter and voter throughout his life.{{sfn|Turner|2008|pp=14–15}} As an evangelical Christian, Bright was also anti-Communist and stated that one of his reasons for starting Campus Crusade was to combat Communist influence in US universities.{{sfn|Turner|2008|pp=63–65}} During the 1970s, Bright defended the South Korean President Park Chung Hee, who imposed martial law and assumed dictatorial powers. He claimed that Park was fighting against Communism and supported religious freedom.{{sfn|Turner|2008|pp=151–154}}