Bluestreak cleaner wrasse

A genetic analysis of L. dimidiatus revealed the population fell into two monophyletic clades, with Indian Ocean populations generally having different stripe widths to western Pacific fishes. The Japanese cleaner wrasses, though, fell within the same group as Indian Ocean fish, despite differing in appearance, and both clades overlap around Papua New Guinea. Two closely related cleaner wrasse species, Labroides pectoralis and Labroides bicolor, were grouped inside the L. dimidiatus clade, so the bluestreak cleaner wrasse may in fact be polyphyletic, incorporating several species.

File:Labroides dimidiatus baby.jpg

This is a small wrasse, averaging {{Convert|10|cm|abbr=on}} long, at most {{Convert|14|cm|abbr=on}}. It can be recognized thanks to a wide longitudinal black stripe running along the side and eye; the back and the stomach are white (sometimes slightly yellowish). This white part changes to a bright blue on the front of the animal, while the black band widens at the tail. The young are black with an electric blue line.

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The bluestreak cleaner wrasse is found on coral reefs in the tropics from the Red Sea and Indian Ocean to the western Pacific (including Papua New Guinea, Japan, Fiji, and French Polynesia). It was first recorded from the Kermadec Islands Marine Reserve north of New Zealand in 2015, after researchers examined hundreds of hours of unused documentary film footage.{{Cite journal|last1=Liggins|first1=Libby|last2=Sweatman|first2=Jenny Ann|last3=Trnski|first3=Thomas|last4=Duffy|first4=Clinton A. J.|last5=Eddy|first5=Tyler D.|last6=Aguirre|first6=J. David|date=2020|title=Natural history footage provides new reef fish biodiversity information for a pristine but rarely visited archipelago|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|page=3159|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-60136-w|pmid=32081990|pmc=7035361|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020NatSR..10.3159L }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2020/03/16/1079198?slug=new-species-accidentally-discovered-on-film|title=New species accidentally discovered on film|last=Hancock|first=Farah|date=16 March 2020|website=Newsroom|language=en-AU|access-date=2020-03-16}}

Cleaner wrasses are usually found at cleaning stations. Cleaning stations are occupied by different units of cleaner wrasses, such as a group of youths, a pair of adults, or a group of females accompanied by a dominant male. When visitors come near the cleaning stations, the cleaner wrasses greet the visitors by performing a dance-like motion in which they move their rear up and down.{{cite web|last=Froese|first=Rainer|title=Labroides dimidiatus|url=http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=5459&AT=bluestreak+cleaner+wrasse|publisher=FishBase|access-date=16 September 2013}} The visitors are referred to as "clients". Bluestreak cleaner wrasses clean to consume ectoparasites on client fish for food. The bigger fish recognise them as cleaner fish because they have a lateral stripe along the length of their bodies,{{cite journal |journal=Animal Behaviour |year=2005 |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=145–150 |doi=10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.10.018 |title=Size and stripes: how clients recognise cleaners |author1=Stummer, L.E. |author2=Weller, J.A. |author3=Johnson, M.L. |author4= Côté, I.M. |s2cid=53299983 |name-list-style=amp }} and by their movement patterns. Cleaner wrasses greet visitors in an effort to secure the food source and cleaning opportunity with the client. Upon recognising the cleaner and successfully soliciting its attention, the client fish adopts a species-specific pose to allow the cleaner access to its body surface, gills and sometimes mouth.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} Other fish that engage in such cleaning behavior include goby fish (Elacatinus spp.){{Cite journal|author1=M.C. Soares |author2=I.M. Côté |author3=S.C. Cardoso |author4=R.Bshary |name-list-style=amp |date=August 2008| title = The cleaning goby mutualism: a system without punishment, partner switching or tactile stimulation | journal =Journal of Zoology| volume =276 |issue =3 | pages =306–312 | doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00489.x|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/28974/files/Soares_Marta_C._-_The_cleaning_goby_mutualism_a_system_without_20120417.pdf }} The bluestreak cleaner wrasse is known to clean balaenopteridae, chondrichthyans, homaridae, octopodidae, and dermochelyidae.

File:Cleaner wrasse with a client.JPG|With a client elongate surgeonfish at a cleaning station

File:Giant Moray Eel getting cleaned.jpg|With a client giant moray eel

File:Cleaner station komodo.jpg|With Priacanthus hamrur

File:Labroides dimidiatus 452338000.jpg|With a sunset wrasse

File:Labroides dimidiatus cleaning Acanthurus mata - Gijon Aquarium - 2015-07-02.webm|Video of L. dimidiatus cleaning the gills of an elongate surgeonfish

In different regions, the bluestreak cleaner wrasse displays various degrees of dependency on clients' ectoparasites as a primary food source. In tidal environments such as the Great Barrier Reef, the bluestreak cleaner wrasse is a facultative cleaner that feeds more on corals than on fish clientele.{{Cite journal |last1=Dunkley |first1=Katie |last2=Ward |first2=Ashley J. W. |last3=Perkins |first3=Sarah E. |last4=Cable |first4=Jo |date=March 2020 |title=To clean or not to clean: Cleaning mutualism breakdown in a tidal environment |journal=Ecology and Evolution |language=en |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=3043–3054 |doi=10.1002/ece3.6120 |pmid=32211175 |pmc=7083704 |s2cid=214041635 |issn=2045-7758|doi-access=free |bibcode=2020EcoEv..10.3043D }} Juvenile bluestreak cleaners are seen to bite their clients more often than the adults within that region, thus changing the dynamic of the known mutualistic relationship. However, in regions where the bluestreak cleaners are solely dependent on clients' parasites, fish who have access to cleaning services have better body condition than those without cleaner access.{{Cite journal |last1=Ros |first1=Albert F.H. |last2=Lusa |first2=Jeanne |last3=Meyer |first3=Meghann |last4=Soares |first4=Marta |last5=Oliveira |first5=Rui F. |last6=Brossard |first6=Michel |last7=Bshary |first7=Redouan |date=January 2011 |title=Does access to the bluestreak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus affect indicators of stress and health in resident reef fishes in the Red Sea? |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0018506X10002874 |journal=Hormones and Behavior |language=en |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=151–158 |doi=10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.11.006|pmid=21087610 |hdl=10400.12/1245 |s2cid=18666960 |hdl-access=free }} In the Marsa Bareika of the Ras Mohamed Nature Reserve, Egypt, the bluestreak cleaner wrasse live in specific sectors of the shallow reefs and are shown to rely on ectoparasites from species such as the brown surgeonfish and white belly damselfish. In this region, fish that visit cleaner wrasses have lower antibody responses than those without cleaner access, suggesting that cleaner access may decrease the need for active immunity.

Image:NiseKGP.jpg, a sabretoothed blenny that mimics cleaner wrasses.]]

Some fish mimic cleaner wrasses. For example, a species of blenny called Aspidontus taeniatus has evolved the same behavior to tear small pieces of flesh or skin from bigger fish rather than rid them of parasites. Another species, the bluestreak fangblenny, Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos, mimics juvenile cleaner wrasse so its presence is tolerated by the cleaners, which, it is assumed, enables it to take advantage of the concentration of potential victims.{{cite journal |journal=Marine Biology |year=2006 |volume=148 |issue=1 |pages=889–897 |doi=10.1007/s00227-005-0118-y |title=Interactions between fangblennies (Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos) and their potential victims: fooling the model rather than the client? |author1=Johnson, Magnus |author2=Hull, Susan |bibcode=2006MarBi.148..889J |s2cid=85772684 |name-list-style=amp }}

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File:Labroides dimidiatus courtship (cropped).jpg

Cleaner wrasse males defend specific living territories from other males in which they are able to have control over the females in those territories. When the dominant male no longer exists in that territory, one of the larger females is able to change sexes to take control over that territory. {{Cite journal |last1=Kuwamura |first1=Tetsuo |last2=Tanaka |first2=Naomi |last3=Nakashima |first3=Yasuhiro |last4=Karino |first4=Kenji |last5=Sakai |first5=Yoichi |date=May 2002 |title=Reversed Sex-Change in the Protogynous Reef Fish Labroides dimidiatus |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1439-0310.2002.00791.x |journal=Ethology |language=en |volume=108 |issue=5 |pages=443–450 |doi=10.1046/j.1439-0310.2002.00791.x |bibcode=2002Ethol.108..443K |issn=0179-1613}}

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{{Reflist}}

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• Meulengracht-Madsen, Jens: (1976) Akvariefisk i farger, J.W. Cappelens forlag AS
• [http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=5459&genusname=Labroides&speciesname=dimidiatus Labroides dimidiatus at FishBase]

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• {{Wikispecies-inline|Labroides dimidiatus}}
• {{Commons-inline}}
• {{sealifephotos|219014}}

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Bluestreak cleaner wrasse

Category:Fish described in 1839

Category:Taxa named by Achille Valenciennes

Category:Articles containing video clips