Bocaccio rockfish

The bocaccio rockfish was first formally described in 1854 by the American zoologist William Orville Ayres with the type locality given as California.{{Cof genus | genus = Sebastes | access-date = 1 December 2021}} Some authorities place this species in the subgenus Sebastodes, of which it is the type species. The specific name paucispinis is a compound of paucis meaning "poor", "few" or "insufficient" and spinus meaning "spine" a reference to the smaller number of and weaker spines on head in comparison to the China rockfish (S. nebulosus) which Ayres described in the same paper.{{cite web | url = https://etyfish.org/perciformes8/ | title = Order Perciformes (Part 8): Suborder Scorpaenoidei: Families Sebastidae, Setarchidae and Neosebastidae | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 22 May 2021 | access-date = 28 November 2021 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}

Bocaccio can be found from Stepovak Bay, Alaska to central Baja California, but is mostly abundant from Oregon to northern Baja California. They have been spotted from various depths from the surface to {{convert|1568|ft|m}}; most live between {{convert|150|-|1000|ft}}.{{cite book|author=Love, Milton|title=Probably more than you Want to know about the Fishes of the Pacific Coast|place=Santa Barbara|publisher=Really Big Press|year=1996|pages=179–182}} Juveniles stay in shallower water because of the protection provided by floating kelp mats or driftwood. Shallow water kelp forests and oil platforms also help these fish avoid danger, as they can use them to dodge and hide from predators. As the fish get older, they to move into deeper, colder water. The Monterey submarine canyon is an ideal place for many marine organisms to inhabit or migrate through, and bocaccio in this canyon can consume multiple marine species such as shellfish (pelagic shrimp and crabs), anchovies, sardines, other small rockfishes, and squid. Adult bocaccio are known to prefer fish, while the juveniles are more opportunistic, and feed on zooplankton like copepods.{{Cite web |last=Fisheries |first=NOAA |date=2025-03-26 |title=Bocaccio {{!}} NOAA Fisheries |url=https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/bocaccio |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=NOAA |language=en}}

File:Fisher Holding Bocaccio Rockfish (Sebastes paucispinis).jpg]]

The bocaccio is one of the larger rockfish and can grow up to {{convert|3|ft|m}} in length, {{convert|27.9|lb|kg|abbr=on}} in weight,{{Cite web |last=McNally |first=Bob |date=2021-10-27 |title=Angler Eats Potential California Record Bocaccio Rockfish |url=https://www.outdoorlife.com/fishing/california-giant-rockfish/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Outdoor Life |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=2018-04-26 |title=Bocaccio |url=https://www.pierfishing.com/bocaccio/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Pier Fishing in California |language=en-US}} and live to at least 50 years. A bocaccio that is {{convert|12|in|cm}} long is around 3–4 years old and a {{convert|2|ft|m|adj=on}} long fish is 7–8 years old.{{cite book|author=Phillips, Julius B.|title=Life History Studies on ten species of Rockfish|work=Marine Resources Operations|year=1964|pages=20–23}} Females grow faster than males and also live longer. There is a difference in maturity rates from north to south. Southern California bocaccio mature at 14 inches and reproduce at around {{convert|18|in|mm}}, while northern males mature at {{convert|22|in|cm}} and females at {{convert|24|in|cm}}. They are viviparous rockfish; in Southern California they spawn their larvae in 2 or more batches and spawning occurs almost all year. In Central and Northern California they spawn from January to May, while further north spawning is restricted to January to March. One female can produce over 2 million eggs per season. Compared to other rockfish (besides a small amount also in the subgenus Sebastodes), they are more enlongated and have a longer lower jaw and elongated snout.

Coloration is olive-brown dorsally becoming pink to red ventrally, to a copper-orange or deep red pattern.{{Cite web|url = http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/groundfish/RockfishGuide/Rockfish_Pages/Boccacio.htm|title = Boccacio|date = |access-date = June 30, 2014|website = AFSC Guide to Rockfishes|publisher = Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries Service|last = |first = }} The ribcage can often been seen externally. They may also have black blotches along the body.

Certain effects of strong and weak upwelling affect the bocaccio's food sources and the survival of its larvae. Larval rockfish are abundant in or near front upwelling fronts.{{cite journal|author=Tolimieri, N.|year=2005|title=The roles of fishing and climate in the population dynamics of bocaccio rockfish|journal=Ecological Applications|volume=15 | issue = 2 |pages=458–468|doi=10.1890/03-5376|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1236387 }} When the water is cold the upwelling is strong with more productivity and warmer water produces a weaker upwelling with a low amount of resources. Also, a weak upwelling may affect reproduction in egg size, egg amount, and egg quality. El Niño and La Niña effect of the upwelling due to the drastic changes in the warmth of water. They are also affected by overfishing.

Recreational and commercial fisheries off the coast of California rely heavily on bocaccio. They are caught by trawling, gillnetting and hook and line. Overfishing has occurred over the past decade. Commercial fishermen tend to target bocaccio due to their abundance and longer shelf life. The permitted depths of fishing have decreased, as older and larger bocaccio tend to stay deeper, because the deepest fishermen can fish at is around {{convert|240|ft|m}} in some areas (2025.){{Cite web |title=Summary of Recreational Groundfish Fishing Regulations |url=https://wildlife.ca.gov/Fishing/Ocean/Regulations/Groundfish-Summary |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=wildlife.ca.gov}}

Studies off of Southern California oil platforms show they have produced a slight increase on bocaccio population.{{Cite news|last=Gerretsen|first=Isabelle|date=January 26, 2021|title=The new use for abandoned oil rigs|url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210126-the-richest-human-made-marine-habitats-in-the-world|access-date=2021-01-27|work=BBC News|language=en}} Juveniles like to use these platforms as they provide a resemblance of a natural habitat with more protection,{{cite journal|author=Love, MS|year=2006|title=The relationships between fish assemblages and the amount of bottom horizontal beam exposed at California oil platforms: fish habitat preferences at man-made platforms and (by inference) at natural reefs|journal=Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service|volume=104 | issue = 4 |pages=542–549}}{{cite journal|author=Love, MS|year=2006|title=Potential use of offshore marine structures in rebuilding an overfished rockfish species, bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis)|journal=Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service|volume=104 | issue = 3 |pages=383–390}} and because of the availability of plankton. Studies showed that out of eight platforms there was a large amount of young juvenile bocaccio at seven platforms.

In January 2001 the [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service] (NMFS) received a petition to list the southern population of bocaccio as a Threatened species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA).{{cite web|url=http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/esa/|title=Endangered Species Act (ESA)|access-date=May 25, 2007}} In November 2002, NMFS published its recommendation that ESA listing was not warranted.File:Bocaccio Rockfish (Sebastes paucispinis) at the California Academy of Sciences.jpg]]

The southern distinct population segment of bocaccio is a U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Species of Concern.{{cite web|url= http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/concern/|title=Proactive Conservation Program: Species of Concern|access-date=May 25, 2007}} Species of Concern are those species about which the U.S. Government's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service has some concerns regarding status and threats, but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act

On October 29, 2007, NMFS received a petition from Mr. Wright to list the Puget Sound DPS of bocaccio under the ESA. NMFS listed the Puget Sound/Georgia basin Distinct population segment as endangered on April 28, 2010. https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/bocaccioNMFS. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants: Threatened Status for the Puget Sound/Georgia Basin Distinct Population Segments of Yelloweye and Canary Rockfish and Endangered Status for the Puget Sound/Georgia Basin Distinct Population Segment of Bocaccio Rockfish .Federal Register v75, (April 28, 2010), 22276–22290. Critical habitat was designated on November 13, 2014.NMFS. Endangered and Threatened Species; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Puget Sound/Georgia Basin Distinct Population Segments of Yelloweye Rockfish, Canary Rockfish and Bocaccio.Federal Register v79, (November 13, 2014), 68041–68087.

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• [http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=3987&genusname=Sebastes&speciesname=paucispinis Sebastes paucispinis Fishbase]

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Category:Sebastes

Category:Taxa named by William Orville Ayres

Category:Fish described in 1854

Category:Viviparous fish

Category:Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN