Bohunician

{{Short description|Paleolithic archeological industry in South-Central and Eastern Europe}}

{{Infobox archaeological culture

|name = Bohunician culture

|map =

{{Location map+|Europe|relief=yes|width=260|float=center|caption=Map showing the approximate location of the Bohunician culture|places=

{{Location map~|Europe|lat=47|long=23|position=left|label_size=75 |mark=Cercle rouge 100%.svg|marksize=60|label=Bohunician culture}}}}

|mapalt =

|mapsize=300

|altnames =

|horizon =

|region = Europe

|period = Upper Paleolithic

|dates = c. 48,000–40,000 BP

|typesite =

|majorsites =

|extra =

|precededby = Emiran

|followedby = Ahmarian, Levantine Aurignacian, Châtelperronian, Szeletian

|definedby =

}}

{{Paleolithic|upper}}

The Bohunician industry was a Paleolithic archeological industry in South-Central and Eastern Europe. The artifacts assigned to this culture are dated between roughly 48,000 and 40,000 years ago.

They were found at the type site of Brno-Bohunice, Stránská skála (Moravia), Bacho Kiro and Temnata Cave (Bulgaria), Dzierzyslaw (Poland), and others.

The Bohunician is "transitional" between the Mousterian and the Aurignacian, and thus a candidate for representing the first wave of anatomically modern humans in Europe. Its technology resembles the Mousterian Levallois technique, as do the contemporary assemblages of the Szeletian (centered on the Bükk Mountains of Hungary but also present in southern Poland) and the Uluzzian (Italy).

{{Cite journal | doi=10.1073/pnas.0903446106| pmid=19571003| pmc=2752585| title=The spread of modern humans in Europe| journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| volume=106| issue=38| pages=16040–16045| year=2009| last1=Hoffecker| first1=J. F.| doi-access=free}}

Bohunician assemblages are considered similar to Emiran and Ahmarian ones and Bohunician culture may be linked to them.

{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.011|title=The modern human colonization of western Eurasia: when and where?|year=2015|doi-access=free|last1=Hublin|first1=Jean-Jacques|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=118|pages=194–210|bibcode=2015QSRv..118..194H|hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-0024-11F6-F|hdl-access=free}}

For this reason, it is thought likely that the Bohunician indicates the presence of anatomically modern humans, but this has not been corrobated by the discovery of any associated human remains.{{Cite journal | doi=10.1073/pnas.1412201111| pmid=25246543| pmc=4209988| title=Early modern human settlement of Europe north of the Alps occurred 43,500 years ago in a cold steppe-type environment| journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| volume=111| issue=40| pages=14394–14399| year=2014| last1=Nigst| first1=Philip R.| last2=Haesaerts| first2=Paul| last3=Damblon| first3=Freddy| last4=Frank-Fellner| first4=Christa| last5=Mallol| first5=Carolina|author-link5=Carolina Mallol| last6=Viola| first6=Bence| last7=Götzinger| first7=Michael| last8=Niven| first8=Laura| last9=Trnka| first9=Gerhard| last10=Hublin| first10=Jean-Jacques| bibcode=2014PNAS..11114394N| doi-access=free}}

File:Bohunician scrapers.jpg in the Moravian Museum, Czech Republic]]