Brno

{{Main|Administrative divisions of Brno}}

Brno consists of 29 self-governing districts and of 48 municipal parts, whose borders respect the boundaries of the districts.{{cite web |title=Public Census 2021 – basic data|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt&pvo=SLD21043-CO&z=T&f=TABULKA&skupId=4690&katalog=33475&pvo=SLD21043-CO&pvokc=65&pvoch=6203|work=Public Database|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|date=2022}}{{cite web |title=Hranice katastrálních území / Cadastral boundaries|url=https://hub.arcgis.com/datasets/mestobrno::hranice-katastr%C3%A1ln%C3%ADch-%C3%BAzem%C3%AD-cadastral-boundaries/explore?location=49.202064%2C16.577900%2C11.84&uiVersion=content-views|website=arcgis.com|publisher=City of Brno|access-date=2025-01-18}} The districts of Brno are:

{{div col|colwidth=12em}}

• Brno-Bohunice
• Brno-Bosonohy
• Brno-Bystrc
• Brno-Černovice
• Brno-Chrlice
• Brno-Ivanovice
• Brno-Jehnice
• Brno-jih
• Brno-Jundrov
• Brno-Kníničky
• Brno-Kohoutovice
• Brno-Komín
• Brno-Královo Pole
• Brno-Líšeň
• Brno-Maloměřice and Obřany
• Brno-Medlánky
• Brno-Nový Lískovec
• Brno-Ořešín
• Brno-Řečkovice a Mokrá Hora
• Brno-sever
• Brno-Slatina
• Brno-střed
• Brno-Starý Lískovec
• Brno-Tuřany
• Brno-Útěchov
• Brno-Vinohrady
• Brno-Žabovřesky
• Brno-Žebětín
• Brno-Židenice

{{div col end}}

The etymology of the name Brno is disputed. It might be derived from the Old Czech {{lang|cs|brnie}} 'muddy, swampy.'E.M. Pospelov, Geograficheskie nazvaniya mira (Moscow, 1998), p. 82. Alternative derivations are a Slavic verb brniti (to armour or to fortify) or a Celtic language spoken in the area before it was inhabited by Germanic peoples and later Slavic peoples. The latter theory would make it cognate with other Celtic words for hill, such as the Welsh word {{lang|cy|bryn}}.

Throughout its history, Brno's locals also referred to the town in other languages, including {{lang|de|Brünn}} in German, ברין ({{lang|yi-Latn|Brin}}) in Yiddish, and {{lang|la|Bruna}} in Latin. The city was also referred to as Brunn ({{IPAc-en|b|r|ʌ|n}}){{cite web |title =What does Brunn mean? |url= http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/brunn.htm |publisher =AudioEnglish.org |access-date= 26 October 2015 }} in English, but that usage is not common today.{{cite web |title= WordNet Search |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?o2=&o0=1&o8=1&o1=1&o7=&o5=&o9=&o6=&o3=&o4=&s=Brno |publisher= WordNet |access-date= 26 October 2015}}

The asteroid 2889 Brno was named after the city, as was the Bren light machine gun (from 'Brno' and 'Enfield'), which was widely used in World War II.

File:Mince 10Kč vzor 2003 rubová strana.jpg coin (1993 design)]]

{{Main|History of Brno|Timeline of Brno}}

The Brno basin has been inhabited since prehistoric times,{{cite web|url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=5&nav03=1555|title=History of the City of Brno|publisher=the Statutory city of Brno|access-date=30 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928112549/http://www.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en|archive-date=28 September 2011}} as seen in a 2024 discovery of at least 3 three mammoths bones and prehistoric tools dating back 15,000 years.{{Cite web |date=2024-11-11 |title=Skeletal remains of three mammoths discovered in Brno city centre |url=https://english.radio.cz/skeletal-remains-three-mammoths-discovered-brno-city-centre-8834259 |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Radio Prague International |language=en}} The town's direct predecessor was a fortified settlement of the Great Moravian Empire known as Staré Zámky, which was inhabited from the Neolithic Age until the early 11th century.{{cite web|url=http://www.psh.ecn.cz/strany/mapa/14_stare_zamky.pdf|title=Naučná stezka Hády a údolí Říčky. Panel 14: Staré Zámky|publisher=ZO ČSOP Pozemkový spolek Hády|access-date=30 September 2011|language=cs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718171447/http://www.psh.ecn.cz/strany/mapa/14_stare_zamky.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2011|url-status=dead}}

In the early 11th century Brno was established as a castle of a non-ruling prince from the House of Přemyslid, and Brno became one of the centres of Moravia along with Olomouc and Znojmo. Brno was first mentioned in Cosmas' Chronica Boemorum dated to the year 1091, when Bohemian king Vratislaus II besieged his brother Conrad at Brno castle.{{cite book|last=Čapka|first=František|title=Morava|series=Stručná historie států|year=2003|publisher=Libri|location=Praha|language=cs|isbn=80-7277-186-8|page=30|chapter=Ota Olomoucký a Konrád Brněnský}}

File:Znak Moravského markrabství.png

In the mid 11th century, Moravia was divided into three separate territories; each had its own ruler, coming from the Přemyslids dynasty, but independent of the other two, and subordinate only to the Bohemian ruler in Prague. The seats of these rulers and thus the "capitals" of these territories were the castles and towns of Brno, Olomouc, and Znojmo. In the late 12th century, Moravia began to reunify, forming the Margraviate of Moravia. From then until the mid of the 17th century, it was not clear which town should be the capital of Moravia. Political power was divided between Brno and Olomouc, but Znojmo also played an important role. The Moravian Diet, the Moravian Land Tables, and the Moravian Land Court were all seated in both cities at once.{{clarify|date=May 2019}} However, Brno was the official seat of the Moravian Margraves (rulers of Moravia), and later its geographical position closer to Vienna also became important. Otherwise, until 1642 Olomouc had a larger population than Brno, and was the seat of the only Roman Catholic diocese in Moravia.

File:Veduta z obléhání Brna Švédy v roce 1645.jpg

In 1243 the small settlements grouped together to form one fortified settlement, and Brno was granted city royal privileges{{clarify|date=December 2013}}{{Cite web |title=Brno history of the city |url=https://www.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/-/media/files/schools/aad-lsa/00_brno-panels-all.pdf}} by the King, and thus recognized as a royal city. As throughout Eastern Central Europe, the granting of city privileges was connected with immigration from German-speaking lands. In 1324 Queen Elisabeth Richeza of Poland founded the Basilica of the Assumption of Our Lady, which now houses her grave.{{cite web|url=http://www.opatbrno.cz/opat_hist_en.htm|title=Opatství svatého Tomáše na Starém Brně|access-date=3 October 2011}} In the 14th century, Brno became one of the centres for the Moravian regional assemblies, whose meetings alternated between Brno and Olomouc. These assemblies made political, legal, and financial decisions. Brno and Olomouc were also the seats of the Land Court and the Moravian Land Tables, thus they were the two most important cities in Moravia. From the mid 14th century to the early 15th century, Špilberk Castle had served as the permanent seat of the Margraves of Moravia; one of them, Jobst of Moravia, was elected the King of the Romans. Brno was besieged in 1428 and again in 1430 by the Hussites during the Hussite Wars. Both attempts to conquer the city failed.

File:Veduta Brna se znakem Markrabství moravského, rok 1670.jpg

In 1641, during the Thirty Years' War, the Holy Roman Emperor and Margrave of Moravia Ferdinand III ordered the permanent relocation of the diet, court, and the land tables from Olomouc to Brno, as Olomouc's Collegium Nordicum made it one of the primary targets of Swedish armies.{{cite book |title=Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia: The age of Gustavus Adolphus and Queen Christina of Sweden, 1622–1656| first=Oskar|last=Garstein| publisher=BRILL|year=1992}} In 1642 Olomouc surrendered to the Swedish Army, which occupied it for eight years.{{refn|This led to decline in population of Olomouc from over 30,000 people to mere 1,675 and total devastation of the city.|group="note"}} Meanwhile, Brno, as the only Moravian city which, under the leadership of Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches, succeeded in defending itself from the Swedes under General Lennart Torstenson during the siege of Brno in 1645, served as the sole capital of the Margraviate of Moravia. After the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648, Brno retained its status as the sole capital. This was later confirmed by the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II in 1782, and again in 1849 by the Moravian constitution.{{refn|However, Olomouc also had legal status of capital city, although this title was purely an honorary matter rather than a real role, sometimes it was referred to as "the Secondary Capital".|group="note"}} Today, the Moravian Land Tables are stored in the Moravian Regional Archive, and are included among the national cultural sights of the Czech Republic.{{cite web|url=http://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/moravske-desky-zemske.aspx|title=Moravské desky zemské|publisher=Ministerstvo vnitra České republiky|access-date=3 October 2011|language=cs|archive-date=4 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221923/http://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/moravske-desky-zemske.aspx|url-status=dead}}

File:View of Brno in the year 1700.jpg

During the 17th century Špilberk Castle was rebuilt as a huge baroque citadel. Brno was besieged by the Prussian Army in 1742 under the leadership of Frederick the Great, but the siege was ultimately unsuccessful. In 1777 the bishopric of Brno was established by the Catholic Church; Mathias Franz Graf von Chorinsky Freiherr von Ledske was the first Bishop.{{refn|The cathedral of the bishopric of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brno, the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul, is depicted on the 10CZK coin.|group="note"}}

In December 1805 the Battle of Austerlitz was fought near the city; the battle is also known as the "Battle of the Three Emperors". Brno itself was not involved with the battle, but the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte spent several nights here at that time, and again in 1809.{{cite web|url=http://www.brno.cz/turista-volny-cas/historie-mesta/historie-v-datech/|title=Brno – Historie v datech|access-date=28 September 2011|language=cs}}{{cite web|url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMBC6H_Napoleon_I_in_Moravias_capital_in_1809_Brno_Czech_Republic|title=Napoleon I. in Moravia's capital in 1809, Brno, Czech Republic - La Famille Bonaparte on Waymarking.com|access-date=28 September 2011}}

In 1839 the first train arrived in Brno from Vienna via the Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway. This was the beginning of rail transport in the current Czech Republic and Austria. In the years 1859–1864 the city fortifications were almost completely removed. In 1869 a horsecar service started to operate in Brno, the first tram service in what would later become the Czech Republic.

Gregor Mendel conducted his groundbreaking experiments in genetics while he was a monk at St. Thomas's Abbey in Brno in the 1850s.

File:Czechoslovakia IV.png]]

File:Brno, hlavní nádraží a tramvaje.jpg

Around 1900 Brno, which consisted in administrative terms only of the central city area until 1918, had a predominantly German-speaking population (63%), as opposed to the suburbs, which were predominantly Czech-speaking.{{cite web|url=http://www.bruenn.eu/de/de_u_cr1.html|title=Die Stadt Brünn – offizielle Webseiten der BRUNA über die Stadt Brünn|website=bruenn.eu}} Life in the city was therefore bilingual, and what was called in German "Brünnerisch" was a mixed idiom containing elements from both languages.

In 1919, after World War I, two neighbouring towns, Královo Pole and Husovice, and 21 other municipalities were annexed to Brno, creating Greater Brno ({{langx|cs|Velké Brno}}). This was done to dilute the German-speaking majority of close to 55,000 by the addition of the Czech communities of the city's neighborhood. Included in the German-speaking group were almost all of the 12,000 Jewish inhabitants, including several of the city's better known personalities, who made a substantial contribution to the city's cultural life.Eva Hahn, Hans Henning Hahn: Die Vertreibung im deutschen Erinnern. Legenden, Mythos, Geschichte. Schöningh, Paderborn 2010, {{ISBN|978-3-506-77044-8}}, p. 370. Greater Brno was almost seven times larger, with a population of about 222,000 – before that Brno had about 130,000 inhabitants.{{Cite news |date=2018 |title=April 16th Marks 100 Years of "Greater Brno", When The City Added 23 Villages, Doubling Its Population |url=https://brnodaily.com/2019/04/16/news/april-16th-marks-100-years-of-greater-brno-when-the-city-added-23-villages-doubling-its-population/}}{{cite web|url=http://www.spilberk.cz/?pg=zobraz&co=velke-brno|title=Výstava Velké Brno|access-date=2 October 2011|language=cs}}{{cite web|url=http://www.kirk.webzdarma.cz/statisticke_udaje_za_Zemi_Moravskoslezskou_k_roku_1930.pdf|title=Statistické údaje za Zemi Moravskoslezskou k roku 1930|access-date=2 October 2011|language=cs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718191932/http://www.kirk.webzdarma.cz/statisticke_udaje_za_Zemi_Moravskoslezskou_k_roku_1930.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2011|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://portal.gov.cz/wps/portal/_s.155/701?number1=&number2=&name=o+slou%C4%8Den%C3%AD+sousedn%C3%ADch+obc%C3%AD+s+Brnem&text=|title=Zákon č. 213/1919 Sb., o sloučení sousedních obcí s Brnem|access-date=2 October 2011|language=cs|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110520183437/http://portal.gov.cz/wps/portal/_s.155/701?number1=&number2=&name=o+slou%C4%8Den%C3%AD+sousedn%C3%ADch+obc%C3%AD+s+Brnem&text=|archive-date=20 May 2011|url-status=dead}}

In 1921–1928, Brno was the capital of the administrative region of Land of Moravia (Czech: Země Moravská). In 1928–1948, Brno was the capital of the Land of Moravia-Silesia (Czech: Země Moravskoslezská).

In 1930, 200,000 inhabitants declared themselves to be of Czech, and some 52,000 of German nationality, in both cases including the respective Jewish citizens.

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2004-0813-500, Deutsche Truppen in Brünn.jpg in Brno, 16 March 1939.]]

During the German occupation of the Czech lands between 1939 and 1945, all Czech universities were closed by the Nazis, including those in Brno. The Faculty of Law became the headquarters of the Gestapo, and the university hall of residence was used as a prison. About 35,000 Czechs and some American and British prisoners of war were imprisoned and tortured there; about 800 civilians were executed or died.{{cite web| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308040948/http://www.zasvobodu.cz/clanek.php?c=101 |title=Kounicovi koleje v Brně |url=http://www.zasvobodu.cz/clanek.php?c=101|work=zasvobodu.cz |archive-date=8 March 2008|access-date=30 January 2014|author=František Vašek|language=cs}} Executions were public.[http://www.moskyt.net/nase-sibenice-16-novodobe-veseni Leoš Drahota: Naše šibenice 16 – Novodobé věšení], {{ISSN|1213-6905}} "Exekuce v Kounicových kolejích byly veřejné, ale vstup byl možný, podobně jako v případě nějaké kulturní či sportovní akce, jen s platnou vstupenkou, prodávanou za tři marky."{{Unreliable source?|reason=It seems like a user-generated site based on original research by enthusiasts|date=March 2016}} The Nazis also operated a subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp, which held mostly Polish prisoners,{{cite web|url=http://auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/brnn/|title=Brünn|website=Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau|access-date=4 December 2021}} an internment camp for Romani people in the city,{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=565|title=Internierungslager für Roma Brünn|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=4 December 2021|language=de}} and a forced labour "education" camp in the present-day district of Dvorska.{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=2655|title=Arbeitserziehungslager Maxdorf|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=4 December 2021|language=de}}

Between 1941 and 1942, transports from Brno deported 10,081 Jews to Theresienstadt (Terezín) concentration camp.{{Cite web |title=Brno - jewish heritage, history, synagogues, museums, areas and sites to visit |url=https://jguideeurope.org/en/region/czech-republic/moravia/brno/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=JGuide Europe |language=en}} At least another 960 people, mostly of mixed race, followed in 1943 and 1944. After Terezín, many of them were sent to Auschwitz concentration camp, Minsk Ghetto, Rejowiec and other ghettos and concentration camps. Although Terezín was not an extermination camp, 995 people transported from Brno died there. Only 1,033 people returned after the war.{{cite web|url=http://is.muni.cz/th/109786/ff_m_b1/Brnenske_transporty_zidu_1941-1945.pdf |title=Poslední nástupiště Brněnské transporty židů v letech 1941–1945 |author=Klementová, Táňa |year=2010 |access-date=5 May 2014}}

Industrial facilities such as the Československá zbrojovka arms factory and the Zweigwerk aircraft engine factory (which became Zbrojovka's subsidiary Zetor after the war) and the city centre were targeted by several Allied bombardment campaigns between 1944 and 1945. The air strikes and later artillery fire killed some 1,200 people and destroyed 1,278 buildings.{{cite web|url=http://is.muni.cz/th/40313/ff_m/ |title=Spojenecké nálety na Brno v letech 1944–1945 |author=Vlček, Martin |date=24 May 2008 |access-date=4 May 2014}} After the city's occupation by the Red Army on 26 April 1945{{cite web|url=https://encyklopedie.brna.cz/home-mmb/?acc=profil_udalosti&load=3994|title=Encyklopedie dějin města Brna|date=2 May 2019|website=encyklopedie.brna.cz}} and the end of the war, ethnic German residents were expelled. In the Brno death march, beginning on 31 May 1945, about 27,000 German inhabitants of Brno were marched {{convert|64|km|0|abbr=off}} to the Austrian border. According to testimony collected by German sources, about 5,200 of them died during the march.Bundesministerium für Vertriebene, Flüchtlinge und Kriegsgeschädigte & Theodor Schieder eds.: Die Vertreibung der Deutschen aus Ost-Mitteleuropa. Vorarbeiten Fritz Valjavec. Teil 4: Die Vertreibung der deutschen Bevölkerung aus der Tschechoslowakei. Bonn, 1957, 2 Bände. Later estimates by Czech sources put the death toll at about 1,700, with most deaths due to an epidemic of shigellosis.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGmTs2SceAgC&pg=PA206|title=Redrawing Nations: Ethnic Cleansing in East-Central Europe, 1944–1948|first1=Philipp|last1=Ther|first2=Ana|last2=Siljak|date=2019|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-1094-4}}

After the reestablishment of an independent Czechoslovak state after World War II, President Edvard Beneš delivered a speech in Brno demanding the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia. Shortly afterwards, 20,000 ethnic Germans from the city were expelled into Allied-occupied Austria.Applebaum, Anne (2012). Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe 1944–1956. New York US: Doubleday. p. 120. {{ISBN|978-0-385-51569-6}} After the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic abolished Moravian autonomy and Brno thus ceased to be the capital of Moravia.{{cite web|url=http://aplikace.mvcr.cz/archiv2008/sbirka/1948/sb101-48.pdf|title=Zákon 208/1948 Sb. o krajském zřízení|access-date=2 October 2011|language=cs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928133220/http://aplikace.mvcr.cz/archiv2008/sbirka/1948/sb101-48.pdf|archive-date=28 September 2011|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.esipa.cz/sbirka/sbsrv.dll/sb?CP=1948s280&DR=SB|title=280/1948 Sb. Zákon o krajském zřízení|access-date=2 October 2011|language=cs}} Since then Moravia has been divided into administrative regions, with Brno the administrative centre of the South Moravian Region.

In 1960s and 1970s, large panel housing estates were built in border districts, such as Bohunice, Líšeň, Bystrc and Vinohrady. During the communist era, most of the workforce was employed in industry, mainly machinery.

After 1989, part of the workforce switched from industry to services, and Brno became the IT centre of the Czech Republic. Nevertheless, new industrial zones were built at the edge of the city, such as Černovická terasa in the east of the city.

File:Autumn Marian Valley.jpg

File:Srovnání kvality ovzduší v ČR - 2008.jpg

Brno is located in the southeastern part of the Czech Republic, at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers, and there are also several brooks flowing through it, including the Veverka, Ponávka, and Říčka. The Svratka River flows through the city for about {{convert|29|km|0|abbr=on}}, and the Svitava River cuts a {{convert|13|km|0|abbr=on}} path through the city. Brno is situated at the crossroads of ancient trade routes which have joined northern and southern European civilizations for centuries, and is a part of the Danube basin region. The city is historically connected with Vienna, which lies {{convert|110|km|0|abbr=on}} to the south.

Brno is {{convert|21.5|km|1|abbr=on}} across, measured from east to west, and its total area is {{convert|230|km2|0|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?nav01=2222&nav02=8|title=Geografické údaje a obyvatelstvo – Statutární město Brno|access-date=8 September 2011|language=cs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523092746/http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?nav01=2222&nav02=8|archive-date=23 May 2011|url-status=dead}} Within the city limits are the Brno Reservoir, several ponds, and other standing bodies of water, such as the reservoirs in the Marian Valley{{cite web|url=http://www.jizni-morava.cz/?tpl=48&lang=2&typ=1&id=9101|title=South Moravia – Official Tourism Website|access-date=8 September 2011}} and the Žebětín Pond. Brno is surrounded by wooded hills on three sides; about {{convert|6379|ha|0|abbr=on}} of the area of the city is forest, 28% of the total. Due to its location between the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands and the Southern Moravian lowlands (Dyje-Svratka Vale), Brno has a moderate climate. Compared to other cities in the country, Brno has a very high air quality, which is ensured by a good natural circulation of air; no severe storms or similar natural disasters have ever been recorded in the city.

Under the Köppen climate classification, Brno has an oceanic climate (Cfb) for −3 °C original isoterm,{{Cite web|url=https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=32711&cityname=Brno,+Czech+Republic|title=Brno, Czech Republic Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=13 November 2018}} but near of the (−2.5 °C average temperature in January, month most cold) or include by updated classification in humid continental climate (Dfb) with cold winters and warm to hot summers.{{cite journal |author1=Peel, M. C. |author2=Finlayson B. L. |author3=McMahon, T. A. | year=2007 | title= Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification | journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. | volume=11 |issue=5 | pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P | url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf | issn = 1027-5606| doi-access=free }} However, in the last 20 years the temperature has increased, and summer days with temperature above {{convert|30|°C|0}} are quite common.{{Cite web |url=http://portal.chmi.cz/portal/dt?action=content&provider=JSPTabContainer&menu=JSPTabContainer%2FP3_0_Informace_pro_Vas%2FP3_9_Historicka_data%2FP3_9_1_Pocasi%2FP3_9_1_9_Mesicni_data&nc=1&portal_lang=en|title=CHMI Portal : Info for you : Historical Data : Weather : Monthly data|access-date=21 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213055943/http://portal.chmi.cz/portal/dt?action=content&provider=JSPTabContainer&menu=JSPTabContainer%2FP3_0_Informace_pro_Vas%2FP3_9_Historicka_data%2FP3_9_1_Pocasi%2FP3_9_1_9_Mesicni_data&nc=1&portal_lang=en#PP_Mesicni_data |archive-date=13 February 2015 |url-status=dead }} The average temperature is {{convert|9.4|°C|0|abbr=on}}, the average annual precipitation is about {{convert|505|mm|2|abbr=on}}, the average number of precipitation days is 150, the average annual sunshine is 1,771 hours, and the prevailing wind direction is northwest. The weather box below shows average data between years 1961 and 1990.

Its height above sea level varies from {{convert|190|m|0|abbr=on}} to {{convert|497|m|0|abbr=on}}. The highest peak in the municipal area is the Kopeček Hill ({{convert|479|m|0|abbr=on}}), and the highest point overall lies in Útěchov on the border with the municipality of Vranov.

{{Weather box

|location = Brno-Tuřany Airport, Brno
Coordinates {{coordinates|49|09|11|N|16|41|20|E|name=Brno Turany}}; elevation: {{convert|241|m|abbr=on}}; WMO ID: 11723; 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1959–present

|metric first = Y

|single line = Y

|Jan record high C = 15.8

|Feb record high C = 17.7

|Mar record high C = 24.3

|Apr record high C = 29.5

|May record high C = 31.8

|Jun record high C = 36.6

|Jul record high C = 36.4

|Aug record high C = 37.8

|Sep record high C = 32.0

|Oct record high C = 27.7

|Nov record high C = 20.1

|Dec record high C = 14.4

|year record high C = 37.8

|Jan high C = 1.9

|Feb high C = 4.5

|Mar high C = 9.7

|Apr high C = 16.1

|May high C = 20.4

|Jun high C = 24.1

|Jul high C = 26.5

|Aug high C = 26.4

|Sep high C = 20.5

|Oct high C = 14.1

|Nov high C = 7.7

|Dec high C = 2.6

|year high C = 14.5

|Jan mean C = -0.8

|Feb mean C = 0.9

|Mar mean C = 4.9

|Apr mean C = 10.8

|May mean C = 15.2

|Jun mean C = 18.9

|Jul mean C = 20.7

|Aug mean C = 20.5

|Sep mean C = 15.3

|Oct mean C = 9.8

|Nov mean C = 4.8

|Dec mean C = 0.2

|year mean C = 10.1

|Jan low C = -3.5

|Feb low C = -2.5

|Mar low C = 0.8

|Apr low C = 5.2

|May low C = 9.6

|Jun low C = 13.2

|Jul low C = 14.9

|Aug low C = 14.8

|Sep low C = 10.6

|Oct low C = 6.1

|Nov low C = 2.0

|Dec low C = -2.3

|year low C = 5.7

|Jan record low C = -24.1

|Feb record low C = -22.2

|Mar record low C = -18.6

|Apr record low C = -6.3

|May record low C = -2.6

|Jun record low C = 1.8

|Jul record low C = 3.6

|Aug record low C = 3.0

|Sep record low C = -0.7

|Oct record low C = -6.5

|Nov record low C = -13.1

|Dec record low C = -20.9

|year record low C = -24.1

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 23.4

|Feb precipitation mm = 22.3

|Mar precipitation mm = 30.0

|Apr precipitation mm = 27.3

|May precipitation mm = 59.1

|Jun precipitation mm = 69.5

|Jul precipitation mm = 71.5

|Aug precipitation mm = 60.7

|Sep precipitation mm = 51.4

|Oct precipitation mm = 35.1

|Nov precipitation mm = 32.2

|Dec precipitation mm = 30.0

|year precipitation mm = 512.3

|Jan snow cm = 11.5

|Feb snow cm = 8.6

|Mar snow cm = 3.8

|Apr snow cm = 0.5

|May snow cm = 0.0

|Jun snow cm = 0.0

|Jul snow cm = 0.0

|Aug snow cm = 0.0

|Sep snow cm = 0.0

|Oct snow cm = 0.0

|Nov snow cm = 3.0

|Dec snow cm = 8.9

|year snow cm = 36.3

|unit precipitation days = 1.0mm

|Jan precipitation days = 6.0

|Feb precipitation days = 5.2

|Mar precipitation days = 6.1

|Apr precipitation days = 5.8

|May precipitation days = 8.6

|Jun precipitation days = 8.4

|Jul precipitation days = 9.6

|Aug precipitation days = 7.4

|Sep precipitation days = 6.2

|Oct precipitation days = 6.5

|Nov precipitation days = 6.7

|Dec precipitation days = 7.0

|year precipitation days = 83.4

|Jan humidity = 83.5

|Feb humidity = 77.7

|Mar humidity = 70.5

|Apr humidity = 62.4

|May humidity = 65.1

|Jun humidity = 65.4

|Jul humidity = 63.8

|Aug humidity = 64.2

|Sep humidity = 71.5

|Oct humidity = 79.2

|Nov humidity = 84.6

|Dec humidity = 85.7

|year humidity = 72.8

|Jan dew point C = -4.8

|Feb dew point C = -3.3

|Mar dew point C = -0.2

|Apr dew point C = 3.9

|May dew point C = 8.3

|Jun dew point C = 11.3

|Jul dew point C = 12.7

|Aug dew point C = 12.6

|Sep dew point C = 9.5

|Oct dew point C = 5.0

|Nov dew point C = 0.9

|Dec dew point C = -3.0

|Jan sun = 54.7 |Jan percentsun = 18.32

|Feb sun = 85.0 |Feb percentsun = 27.16

|Mar sun = 139.5 |Mar percentsun = 35.30

|Apr sun = 203.0 |Apr percentsun = 45.00

|May sun = 234.9 |May percentsun = 47.49

|Jun sun = 245.2 |Jun percentsun = 48.27

|Jul sun = 257.7 |Jul percentsun = 50.40

|Aug sun = 250.3 |Aug percentsun = 52.32

|Sep sun = 174.1 |Sep percentsun = 44.45

|Oct sun = 111.7 |Oct percentsun = 35.50

|Nov sun = 55.4 |Nov percentsun = 19.32

|Dec sun = 43.3 |Dec percentsun = 16.15

|year sun = 1854.8

|Jan uv = 1

|Feb uv = 1

|Mar uv = 3

|Apr uv = 4

|May uv = 6

|Jun uv = 7

|Jul uv = 7

|Aug uv = 6

|Sep uv = 4

|Oct uv = 2

|Nov uv = 1

|Dec uv = 1

|source 1 = NOAA (dew point 1961–1990){{cite web |title=Brno 4 Turany Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-old/WMO/1961-1990/RA-VI/CZ/11723.TXT|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908103749/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-old/WMO/1961-1990/RA-VI/CZ/11723.TXT|archive-date=2024-09-08}}{{cite web |title=Brno Turany Normals 1991–2020|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/CzechRepublic/CSV/BrnoTurany_11723.csv|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908103634/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/CzechRepublic/CSV/BrnoTurany_11723.csv|archive-date=2024-09-08}}

|source 2 = Český hydrometeorologický ústav (ČHMU){{cite web |title=Brno Tuřany (Record mensili dal 1958)|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/T.php?ID=B2BTUR01&type=graphMD|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2025-01-03}}{{cite web |title=Množství nového sněhu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/N.php?ID=B2BTUR01&type=graphMY|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908092636/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/N.php?ID=O1MOSN01&type=graphMY|archive-date=2024-09-08}}{{cite web |title=Průměrná relativní vlhkost vzduchu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/H.php?ID=B2BTUR01&type=graphMY|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908103003/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/H.php?ID=B2BTUR01&type=graphMY|archive-date=2024-09-08}}}}

{{Weather box

|location = Brno (Brno-Žabovřesky), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1987–present

|metric first = Y

|single line = Y

|Jan record high C = 16.4

|Feb record high C = 18.4

|Mar record high C = 23.2

|Apr record high C = 30.0

|May record high C = 33.6

|Jun record high C = 38.2

|Jul record high C = 37.9

|Aug record high C = 38.5

|Sep record high C = 32.9

|Oct record high C = 27.8

|Nov record high C = 19.2

|Dec record high C = 14.4

|year record high C = 38.5

|Jan high C = 2.3

|Feb high C = 4.9

|Mar high C = 10.0

|Apr high C = 16.9

|May high C = 21.6

|Jun high C = 25.4

|Jul high C = 27.5

|Aug high C = 27.2

|Sep high C = 21.0

|Oct high C = 14.2

|Nov high C = 7.9

|Dec high C = 2.9

|year high C = 15.1

|Jan mean C = -0.4

|Feb mean C = 1.1

|Mar mean C = 5.1

|Apr mean C = 10.9

|May mean C = 15.6

|Jun mean C = 19.4

|Jul mean C = 21.0

|Aug mean C = 20.5

|Sep mean C = 15.1

|Oct mean C = 9.7

|Nov mean C = 5.0

|Dec mean C = 0.5

|year mean C = 10.3

|Jan low C = -3.2

|Feb low C = -2.4

|Mar low C = 0.7

|Apr low C = 4.9

|May low C = 9.5

|Jun low C = 13.2

|Jul low C = 14.9

|Aug low C = 14.6

|Sep low C = 10.4

|Oct low C = 6.0

|Nov low C = 2.3

|Dec low C = -1.9

|year low C = 5.8

|Jan record low C = -23.6

|Feb record low C = -20.4

|Mar record low C = -15.0

|Apr record low C = -6.0

|May record low C = -0.7

|Jun record low C = 2.7

|Jul record low C = 6.7

|Aug record low C = 4.5

|Sep record low C = 1.0

|Oct record low C = -6.4

|Nov record low C = -12.6

|Dec record low C = -22.1

|year record low C = -23.6

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 25.9

|Feb precipitation mm = 23.1

|Mar precipitation mm = 32.9

|Apr precipitation mm = 29.0

|May precipitation mm = 55.7

|Jun precipitation mm = 67.9

|Jul precipitation mm = 72.1

|Aug precipitation mm = 62.1

|Sep precipitation mm = 53.5

|Oct precipitation mm = 35.6

|Nov precipitation mm = 33.5

|Dec precipitation mm = 30.7

|year precipitation mm = 522.0

|Jan snow cm = 10.8

|Feb snow cm = 8.3

|Mar snow cm = 4.8

|Apr snow cm = 0.4

|May snow cm = 0.0

|Jun snow cm = 0.0

|Jul snow cm = 0.0

|Aug snow cm = 0.0

|Sep snow cm = 0.0

|Oct snow cm = trace

|Nov snow cm = 3.1

|Dec snow cm = 8.6

|year snow cm = 36.1

|Jan humidity = 82.0

|Feb humidity = 76.4

|Mar humidity = 69.8

|Apr humidity = 61.6

|May humidity = 62.9

|Jun humidity = 62.6

|Jul humidity = 62.3

|Aug humidity = 64.4

|Sep humidity = 72.7

|Oct humidity = 79.4

|Nov humidity = 83.2

|Dec humidity = 84.2

|year humidity = 71.8

|Jan sun = 47.6 |Jan percentsun = 17.59

|Feb sun = 75.7 |Feb percentsun = 26.41

|Mar sun = 145.8 |Mar percentsun = 39.35

|Apr sun = 209.9 |Apr percentsun = 50.17

|May sun = 204.0 |May percentsun = 42.31

|Jun sun = 221.1 |Jun percentsun = 46.87

|Jul sun = 244.6 |Jul percentsun = 50.24

|Aug sun = 242.7 |Aug percentsun = 53.18

|Sep sun = 175.7 |Sep percentsun = 46.31

|Oct sun = 106.0 |Oct percentsun = 33.24

|Nov sun = 54.8 |Nov percentsun = 19.85

|Dec sun = 42.0 |Dec percentsun = 15.77

|year sun = 1769.8

|Jan uv = 1

|Feb uv = 1

|Mar uv = 3

|Apr uv = 4

|May uv = 6

|Jun uv = 7

|Jul uv = 7

|Aug uv = 6

|Sep uv = 4

|Oct uv = 2

|Nov uv = 1

|Dec uv = 1

|source 1 = Czech Hydrometeorological Institute{{cite web |title=Teplota vzduchu v jednotlivé kalendářní dny|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/T.php?ID=B2BZAB01&type=graphMD|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908105426/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/T.php?ID=B2BZAB01&type=graphMD|archive-date=2024-09-08}}{{cite web |title=Průměrná teplota vzduchu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/T.php?ID=B2BZAB01&type=graphMY|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908105232/https://www.envidata.cz/favicon.ico|archive-date=2024-09-08}}{{cite web |title=Srážkové úhrny v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/R.php?ID=B2BZAB01&type=graphMY|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908105751/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/R.php?ID=B2BZAB01&type=graphMY|archive-date=2024-09-08}}{{cite web |title=Množství nového sněhu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/N.php?ID=B2BZAB01&type=graphMY|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908110858/https://www.envidata.cz/favicon.ico|archive-date=2024-09-08}}{{cite web |title=Průměrná relativní vlhkost vzduchu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky (Humidity)|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/H.php?ID=B2BZAB01&type=graphMY|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908104022/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/H.php?ID=B2BZAB01&type=graphMY|archive-date=2024-09-08}}{{cite web |title=Délka slunečního svitu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/S.php?ID=B2BZAB01&type=graphMY|publisher=Czech Hydrometeorological Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908111107/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/S.php?ID=B2BZAB01&type=graphMY|archive-date=2024-09-08}}}}

{{Panorama simple

|image = File:Brno - panorama I - 2012.jpg

|fullwidth = 10178

|fullheight = 1177

|caption = Panoramic view of approximately the northeast quarter of the city

|height = 200}}

File:Justiční palác v Brně.jpg

File:Městské části Brna a jejich znaky.png and their coats of arms]]

{{Main|Administrative divisions of Brno|List of Mayors of Brno}}

Legally, Brno is a statutory city, consisting of 29 administrative divisions known as city districts.{{cite web|url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=71&nav02=1696|title=Basic data on city districts offices|publisher=The Statutory city of Brno|access-date=22 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523172648/http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=71&nav02=1696|archive-date=23 May 2011|url-status=dead}} The highest body of self-government is the Brno City Assembly.{{cite web|url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=34&nav02=198|title=Assembly of the City of Brno|publisher=The Statutory city of Brno|access-date=22 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523131553/http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=34&nav02=198|archive-date=23 May 2011|url-status=dead}} The city is headed by the lord mayor, who has the right to use the mayor's insignia and represents the city externally. As of 2021, the lord mayor is Markéta Vaňková of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS).{{cite web |title=Primátorka města Brna|url=https://www.brno.cz/sprava-mesta/volene-organy-mesta/primatorka-mesta-brna/|website=Brno.cz|access-date=1 August 2019}} The executive body is the city council and local councils of the city districts; the city council has 11 members including the lord mayor and her four deputies.{{cite web|url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=34&nav02=205|title=Executive Board, Brno City Council|publisher=The Statutory city of Brno|access-date=22 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021023314/http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=34&nav02=205|archive-date=21 October 2010|url-status=dead}} The assembly of the city elects the lord mayor and other members of the city council, establishes the local police, and is also entitled to grant citizenship of honour and the Awards of the City of Brno. The head of the Assembly of the City of Brno in personal matters is the Chief Executive, who according to certain special regulations carries out the function of employer of the other members of the city management.{{cite web|url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=34|title=Elected bodies|publisher=The Statutory city of Brno|access-date=22 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523141627/http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=34|archive-date=23 May 2011|url-status=dead}} The Chief Executive is directly responsible to the Lord Mayor.{{cite web|url=http://www.brno.cz/sprava-mesta/magistrat-mesta-brna/tajemnik-mmb/|title=Tajemník Magistrátu města Brna|publisher=The Statutory city of Brno|access-date=22 September 2011|language=cs}}

The city itself forms a separate district, the Brno-City District, surrounded by the Brno-Country District. Brno is divided into 29 administrative divisions (city districts) and consists of 48 cadastral areas. The "Brno-City District" and "Brno-Country District" are not to be confused with the "city districts" of Brno.

The city districts of Brno vary widely in their size by both population and area. The most populated city district of Brno is Brno-Centre, which has over 91,000 residents, and the least populated are Brno-Ořešín and Brno-Útěchov, with about 500 residents. By area, the largest district is Brno-Bystrc ({{convert|27.24|km²}}) and the smallest is Brno-Nový Lískovec ({{convert|1.66|km²}}).

Brno is the home to the highest courts in the Czech judiciary. The Supreme Court is on Burešova Street,{{cite web|url=http://www.nsoud.cz/JudikaturaNS_new/ns_web.nsf/Edit/AbouttheSupremeCourt~Generalinformation?Open&area=About%20the%20Supreme%20Court&grp=General%20information&lng=EN|title=The Supreme Court of the Czech Republic|access-date=8 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927134340/http://www.nsoud.cz/JudikaturaNS_new/ns_web.nsf/Edit/AbouttheSupremeCourt~Generalinformation?Open&area=About%20the%20Supreme%20Court&grp=General%20information&lng=EN|archive-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead}} the Supreme Administrative Court is on Moravské náměstí ({{langx|en|Moravian Square}}),{{cite web|url=http://www.nssoud.cz/Uvod/art/1|title=The Supreme Administrative Court|access-date=8 September 2011|archive-date=5 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905080614/http://www.nssoud.cz/Uvod/art/1|url-status=dead}} the Constitutional Court is on Joštova Street,{{cite web|url=http://www.concourt.cz/clanek/urlMethodCall/sessionContext/|title=The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic|access-date=8 September 2011}} and the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office of the Czech Republic is on Jezuitská street.{{cite web|url=http://portal.justice.cz/nsz/hlavni.aspx?j=222&o=29&k=3458|title=Nejvyšší státní zastupitelství – Introduction|access-date=8 September 2011}}

{{Historical populations

|1869|104977

|1880|120122

|1890|145782

|1900|176645

|1910|216709

|1921|237659

|1930|283972

|1950|299099

|1961|324173

|1970|344218

|1980|371463

|1991|388296

|2001|376172

|2011|385913

|2021|398510

|source=Censuses{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|date=2021-03-27}}

}}

According to the 2021 census, Brno had 398,510 inhabitants.{{cite web |title=Public Database: Census 2021|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=profil-uzemi&uzemiprofil=34055&u=__VUZEMI__43__582786#|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|year=2021|access-date=2024-02-22}} The largest ethnic groups reported (without options to choose between) were Czechs (51.6%), Moravians (18.7%), Slovaks (1.5%), Ukrainians (0.9%), Vietnamese (0.4%), and Poles (0.2%). 23.7% of inhabitants did not write any nationality. In the 2001 census, when the most common nationalities were list to choose between, 76.1% were Czechs and 18.7% Moravians (94.8% Czechs in the broader sense).

Brno experienced its largest increases in population during the 19th century at the time of the Industrial Revolution, and in 1919 due to a merger with surrounding municipalities.

Since 1990, many companies created or spun off as part of privatization from former national enterprises have disappeared.{{Cite journal |last=Ježek |first=Tomáš |date=1997 |title=The Czechoslovak Experience with Privatization |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24357627 |journal=Journal of International Affairs |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=477–488 |jstor=24357627 |issn=0022-197X}} Before 1990, engineering companies were very important in Brno; since then, the city's economy has largely reoriented itself towards light industry, logistics, and services. The city later gained importance in other fields of engineering, especially in software development. After 2000, foreign technology companies began establishing their branches in Brno, and many Czech companies with local or global reach were also founded here.{{Cite web |last=Slonkova |first=Eva |date=2022-11-24 |title=Brno Innovation Hub: Czech Republic's Silicon Valley |url=https://therecursive.com/brno-innovation-hub/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=TheRecursive.com |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2021-10-07 |title=RICAIP {{!}} The Brno Technology Park - the Moravian Silicon Valley |url=https://ricaip.eu/robots-and-prince-charles-the-brno-technology-park-laid-the-foundations-of-the-moravian-silicon-valley/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=RICAIP |language=en-US}}

Companies operating in Brno include Gen Digital (one of the headquarters, brand AVG Technologies still used),{{cite web |title=AVG Antivirus and Security Software – Contact us |url=http://www.avg.com/cz-en/contacts#tba2 |access-date=4 October 2011}} Kyndryl (Client Innovation Centre),{{Cite web |title=Kyndryl Client Center, s.r.o. |url=https://www.fit.vut.cz/cooperation/partner-detail/395/.en |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology}}{{cite web |title=IBM Governmental Programs – Delivery Centre Central Eastern Europe in Brno |url=http://www.ibm.com/ibm/governmentalprograms/brno.html |access-date=4 October 2011 |website=IBM}} AT&T, Honeywell (Global Design Center),{{cite web |title=Honeywell Global Design Center Brno |website=Honeywell Czech Republic |url=http://www.honeywell.com/sites/portal?smap=honeywell_cz_en&page=Letectvi3&theme=T6&catID=CFE96D86B-9D29-5B06-3E34-25E40083589E&id=H1E4AC4AC-589D-59CF-0BE0-8348952FD725&sel=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913074000/http://www.honeywell.com/sites/portal?smap=honeywell_cz_en&page=Letectvi3&theme=T6&catID=CFE96D86B-9D29-5B06-3E34-25E40083589E&id=H1E4AC4AC-589D-59CF-0BE0-8348952FD725&sel=2 |archive-date=13 September 2011 |access-date=4 October 2011}} Siemens,{{cite web |title=Brno |website=Siemens |url=https://www.cee.siemens.com/web/cz/cz/corporate/portal/home/microsites/Pages/Brno.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425044855/https://www.cee.siemens.com/web/cz/cz/corporate/portal/home/microsites/Pages/Brno.aspx |archive-date=25 April 2012 |access-date=4 October 2011 |language=cs}} Red Hat (Czech headquarters),{{cite web |title=Red Hat Europe |url=http://www.europe.redhat.com/about/contact/#Czech |access-date=4 October 2011}} an office of Zebra Technologies,{{cite web |title=MOTOROLA – Technology Park Brno |url=http://www.technologypark.cz/en/seznam-klientu/motorola.whtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120529005034/http://www.technologypark.cz/en/seznam-klientu/motorola.whtml |archive-date=29 May 2012 |access-date=4 October 2011}} and formerly Silicon Graphics International (Czech headquarters).{{cite web |title=SGI – Global – Česká Republika |url=http://www.sgi.com/global/cz/ |access-date=4 October 2011 |language=cs}}

In recent years, the quaternary sector of the economy, i.e., activities in science, research, and education, has also begun to develop in Brno. Examples include AdMaS (Advanced Materials, Structures, and Technologies) or CETOCOEN (Center for Research on Toxic Substances in the Environment).{{Cite web |last=univerzita |first=Masarykova |title=O projektu |url=https://www.recetox.muni.cz/teaming/o-projektu |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=MUNI {{!}} RECETOX |language=cs}} The city cultivates this sector via supporting organisations such as the South Moravian Innovation Centre and the VUT Technology Incubator.{{Cite web |date=2011-05-23 |title=Technologický inkubátor VUT |url=http://www.jic.cz/technologicky-inkubator-vut-1 |access-date=2024-01-10 |archive-date=23 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523075850/http://www.jic.cz/technologicky-inkubator-vut-1 |url-status=dead }}

{{See also|Trams in Brno}}

File:Šalina jedoucí od České vyrez.jpg

File:Brno departure terminal.jpg

File:Brno - Hlavní nádraží.jpg

Public transport in Brno consists of 12 tram lines, 14 trolleybus lines (the largest trolleybus network in the Czech Republic) and almost 40 day and 11 night bus lines.{{cite web|url=http://www.idsjmk.cz/EN/linky.aspx|title=Timetable of IDS JMK|access-date=7 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012233038/http://idsjmk.cz/EN/linky.aspx|archive-date=12 October 2011|url-status=dead}} Trams (known locally as šaliny{{cite web|url=http://www.draznivozidla.estranky.cz/fotoalbum/tramvaje---saliny/brno-kt8d5-na-stranske-skale.html|title=Dražní vozidla – Fotoalbum – Tramvaje – Šaliny – Brno KT8D5 na Stranské Skale|website=draznivozidla.estranky.cz}}) first appeared on the streets in 1869; this was the first operation of horse-drawn trams in the modern-day Czech Republic.{{cite web|url=http://www.dpmb.cz/hist.asp|title=Dopravní podnik města Brna, a.s. Historie|publisher=DPmB|language=cs|access-date=6 September 2011|archive-date=6 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006152522/http://www.dpmb.cz/hist.asp|url-status=dead}} The local public transport system is interconnected with regional public transport in one integrated system (IDS JMK), and directly connects several nearby municipalities with the city.{{cite web|url=http://www.idsjmk.cz/EN/|title=IDS JMK – Integrated public transport system in the City of Brno and the Southern Moravia Region|access-date=7 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110729064318/http://www.idsjmk.cz/en/|archive-date=29 July 2011|url-status=dead}} Its main operator is the Brno City Transport Company (DPmB), which also operates a mostly recreational ferry route at the Brno Dam Lake.{{cite web|url=http://www.dpmb.cz/e10.asp|title=Dopravní podnik města Brna, a.s.|access-date=7 September 2011|archive-date=11 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911143908/http://www.dpmb.cz/e10.asp|url-status=dead}} A tourist minibus provides a brief tour of the city.{{cite web|url=https://www.ticbrno.cz/en/sightseeing-minibus-tours|title=Sightseeing minibus tours|date=20 October 2022 |access-date=23 May 2023}}

Railway transport began operating in the city in 1839 on the Brno–Vienna line, the first operating railway line in the modern-day Czech Republic.{{cite web|url=http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ct24/domaci/doprava/57112-prvni-parni-vlak-do-dnesniho-ceska-prijel-z-vidne-do-brna/|title=První parní vlak do dnešního Česka přijel z Vídně do Brna|publisher=CZech Television|language=cs|access-date=6 September 2011}} Today, Brno is a transnational railway hub, with nine stations for passenger traffic. The current main railway station is the central hub of regional train services, used by about 50,000 passengers every day, with around 500 trains passing through. The station is operating at full capacity;{{cite web|url=http://brno.idnes.cz/hlavni-nadrazi-v-brne-neni-nafukovaci-nektere-vlaky-proto-konci-v-zidenicich-1vy-/brno-zpravy.aspx?c=A101214_1498652_brno-zpravy_bor|title=Hlavní nádraží v Brně není nafukovací, některé vlaky proto končí v Židenicích|date=14 December 2010 |publisher=iDNES.cz|language=cs|access-date=6 September 2011}} the main station building is outdated and lacks sufficient operating capacity, but the construction of the new station has been postponed several times for various reasons. A referendum over whether to move the station was held on 7 and 8 October 2016, coinciding with regional elections.

Brno is also an international road transport crossroads. There are two motorways on the southern edge of the city: the D1 leading to Ostrava and Prague, and the D2 leading to Bratislava.{{cite book|title=Roads and Motorways in the Czech Republic 2009|year=2009|publisher=The Czech Road and Motorway Directorate|url=http://www.rsd.cz/rsd/rsd.nsf/0/80345976071FCBACC12575CF004E133E/$file/RSD2009en.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221195307/http://www.rsd.cz/rsd/rsd.nsf/0/80345976071FCBACC12575CF004E133E/$file/RSD2009en.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 February 2011}} Not far from the city limits is the D52 motorway leading to Vienna. Another planned motorway, the D43, will connect Brno to northwestern Moravia. The city is gradually building the large city ring road (road I/42). Several road tunnels have been built at Pisarky, Husovice, Hlinky, and Královo pole, and more are planned.{{cite web|url=http://www.mestsky-okruh-brno.cz/useky-vmo-brno|title=Velký městský okruh Brno (VMO Brno) – Úseky VMO Brno|publisher=Ředitelsví silnic a dálnic ČR|language=cs|access-date=7 September 2011}} Due to the congestion in private transport, the city is continuing to try to build more parking ramps, including underground, but these efforts have not always been successful.{{cite web|url=http://brno.idnes.cz/s-firmou-ktera-mela-stavet-parkovaci-domy-brno-neprodlouzi-smlouvu-11a-/Brno-zpravy.aspx?c=A110209_1529279_brno-zpravy_dmk|title=S firmou, která měla stavět parkovací domy, Brno neprodlouží smlouvu|date=10 February 2011 |publisher=iDNES.cz|language=cs|access-date=7 September 2011}}

Air transport is enabled by two functional airports. The public international airport, Brno-Tuřany Airport, saw a sharp increase in passenger traffic up to 2011, however the number of passengers declined in the following years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The airport also serves as one of the two bases for police helicopters in the Czech Republic. The other airport, Medlánky Airport, is a small domestic airport serving mainly recreational activities such as flying hot air balloons, gliders or aircraft RC models.{{cite web|url=http://www.akmedlanky.cz/|title=Aeroklub Brno Medlánky|language=cs|access-date=7 September 2011}}{{cite web|url=http://www.frc-er.cz/|title=Stránky medláneckých leteckých modelářů|language=cs|access-date=7 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225100110/http://www.frc-er.cz/|archive-date=25 December 2009|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://letistecr.cz/zajimavosti/circa-urbem-brunensis-2-netopyrky-za-kominem.aspx|title=Zajímavosti: Circa urbem Brunensis 2. – Netopýrky za Komínem|publisher=MAGAZÍN LETIŠTĚ ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY|language=cs|access-date=7 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402061201/http://letistecr.cz/zajimavosti/circa-urbem-brunensis-2-netopyrky-za-kominem.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2012|url-status=dead}}

Cycling is widespread in Brno due to lowland nature of the landscape. Existing tracks for cycling and roller skating in 2011 totalled approximately {{convert|38|km}}, and are gradually being expanded.{{cite web|url=http://www.brnonakole.cz/zmeny-mesta-v-roce-2010/|title=Brno na kole » Změny města v roce 2010|date=28 January 2011 |language=cs|access-date=6 September 2011}} There is also one long bikeway leading to Vienna, approximately {{convert|130|km}} long.{{cite web|url=http://www.cyklobrnowien.cz/cyklostezka/|title=O nás – Cyklostezka Brno Vídeň|language=cs|access-date=6 September 2011}} Several hiking trails of the Czech Tourist Club also pass through Brno.{{Cite web |last=Doleželová |first=Martina Fojtů, eng Jana |date=2019-08-26 |title=Discovering Brno and its surroundings will keep you busy |url=https://www.em.muni.cz/en/news/12004-discovering-brno-and-its-surroundings-will-keep-you-busy |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=em.muni.cz}}

File:Lisenske slavnosti vyrez.jpg (Moravian national folk costumes) at a folk festival in Líšeň]]

The city spends about 30 million euro every year on culture.{{cite web|url=http://www.brno.cz/fileadmin/user_upload/sprava_mesta/magistrat_mesta_brna/ORF/SR2011/Vydaje.xls|title=Schválený rozpočet provozních a kapitálových výdajů – Rekapitulace dle oddílů a paragrafů|access-date=28 September 2011|language=cs}}{{cite web|url=http://www.brno.cz/fileadmin/user_upload/sprava_mesta/magistrat_mesta_brna/ORF/Souhrnny_rozpocet_2010/Rozpocet_2010.xls|title=Souhrnný rozpočet statutárního města Brna na rok 2010 – Rozpočet výdajů statutárního města Brna|access-date=28 September 2011|language=cs}} A vibrant university city with about 60,000 students, Brno is home to many museums, theatres and other cultural institutions, and also hosts a number of festivals and other cultural events.

Since the 1990s Brno has experienced a great cultural "rebirth": façades of historical monuments are being repaired and various exhibitions, shows, etc., are being established or extended. In 2007 a summit of 15 presidents of EU Member States was held in Brno.{{cite web|url=http://www.moraviaconvention.cz/reference/|title=Reference – Moravia Convention Bureau|access-date=26 September 2011|language=cs|archive-date=16 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916094646/http://www.moraviaconvention.cz/reference/|url-status=dead}}

Despite its urban character, some of the city districts still preserve traditional Moravian folklore, including folk festivals with traditional Moravian costumes, Moravian wines, folk music and dances. Unlike smaller municipalities, in Brno annual traditional Moravian folk festivals are held in several city districts, including Židenice,{{cite web|url=http://www.kalendarakci.atlasceska.cz/zidenicke-hody-brno-zidenice-7165/|title=Židenické hody – Brno Židenice |website=kalendarakci.atlasceska.cz|date=5 October 2009 |access-date=26 September 2011|language=cs}} Líšeň,{{cite web|url=http://www.vlisni.cz/lisenske-hody|title=Líšeňské hody – portál vlisni.cz|access-date=26 September 2011|language=cs|archive-date=30 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830051550/http://www.vlisni.cz/lisenske-hody|url-status=dead}} and Ivanovice.{{cite web|url=http://www.ivanovice.brno.cz/clanky/20070926-ci-jsou-hody-nase/|title=ČÍ JSOU HODY? NAŠE! » Městská část Brno Ivanovice|access-date=26 September 2011|language=cs|archive-date=21 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121001651/http://www.ivanovice.brno.cz/clanky/20070926-ci-jsou-hody-nase/|url-status=dead}}

Hantec is a unique slang that originated in Brno.

File:Ignis Brunensis 2010 Montage 1.jpg (2010)]]

File:Tram horse tram Brno.jpg at the festival called "Brno – City in the Centre of Europe"]]

The biggest festival in Brno is the fireworks competition festival, Ignis Brunensis (Latin for "Flame of Brno"), held annually in June, part of the "Brno – City in the Centre of Europe" festival.{{cite web|url=http://www.ignisbrunensis.cz/about-the-festival--579--eng.html|title=About the festival|access-date=24 September 2011}} Ignis Brunensis is the biggest show of its kind in Central Europe,{{cite web|url=http://www.ibrno.cz/kultura/35533-mesto-chysta-velkolepe-ohnostroje-jejich-festival-by-mohl-videt-milion-divaku.html|title=Brno chystá velkolepé ohňostroje, festival by mohl vidět milion diváků|access-date=26 September 2011|language=cs}}{{cite web|url=http://www.concentus-moraviae.cz/VenueDetail.aspx?venueId=hpgagnkbiifaeohglnohcngenfkgnbnp|title=Brno – Concentus Moraviae|access-date=26 September 2011|language=cs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824151333/http://www.concentus-moraviae.cz/VenueDetail.aspx?venueId=hpgagnkbiifaeohglnohcngenfkgnbnp|archive-date=24 August 2011|url-status=dead}} usually attracting 100,000–200,000 visitors to each display.

The international film festival Cinema Mundi screens about 60 films competing for Oscar nomination in the category of Best Foreign Language Film.{{cite web|url=http://www.cinemamundi.info/eng/About-the-festival/About-the-festival|title=About the festival / About the festival / Cinema Mundi returns to Brno after one year - www.cinemamundi.info|access-date=26 September 2011}}

Theatre World Brno is another international festival held annually in the city, in which Brno theatres and the city centre stage around 100 performances by national and foreign ensembles.{{cite web|url=http://www.theatreworld.cz/en/about-festival|title=Festival – DIVADELNÍ SVĚT BRNO|access-date=26 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402232430/http://www.theatreworld.cz/en/about-festival|archive-date=2 April 2012|url-status=dead}}

Other festivals held regularly in Brno include the International Music Festival Brno,{{cite web|url=http://www.mhf-brno.cz/moravsky-podzim/en/informace.asp|title=Moravian autumn – Introduction|access-date=26 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005042031/http://www.mhf-brno.cz/moravsky-podzim/en/informace.asp|archive-date=5 October 2008|url-status=dead}} the Spilberk International Music Festival,{{cite web|url=http://www.filharmonie-brno.cz/en/spilberk-festival-p290.html|title=Spilberk Festival – Brno Philharmonic Orchestra|access-date=26 September 2011|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160109125426/http://www.filharmonie-brno.cz/en/spilberk-festival-p290.html|archive-date=9 January 2016|url-status=dead}} and the Summer Shakespeare Festival.{{cite web|url=http://www.shakespeare.cz/en/welcome-to-summer-shakespeare-festival-2011/1/|title=Welcome to Summer Shakespeare Festival 2011, Summer Shakespeare Festival 2011, AGENTURA SCHOK, spol. s r.o., Praha|access-date=26 September 2011}}

Every September, Brno hosts a wine festival, Slavnosti vína, to celebrate the harvest in the surrounding wine-producing region.{{cite web |url=http://www.slavnostivina.cz/?id=home&lang=en |title=Slavnostivina |publisher=slavnostivina.cz |access-date=4 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513171336/http://www.slavnostivina.cz/?id=home&lang=en |archive-date=13 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}

File:Reduta Theatre - Brno.jpg

Brno has a long theatre tradition. Brno has the oldest theatre building in Central Europe, the Reduta Theatre on Zelný trh.{{cite web|url=http://www.ndbrno.cz/o-divadle/historie-divadla-reduta|title=Historie divadla Reduta, Národní divadlo Brno|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=The National Theatre Brno|language=cs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306160447/http://www.ndbrno.cz/o-divadle/historie-divadla-reduta|archive-date=6 March 2012|url-status=dead}} The first theatre plays in Brno probably took place in the 1660s in the City Tavern, today's Reduta Theatre; however, the first theatre with boxes was built in this complex in 1733. The first documented professional Czech performance took place in 1767, again in the Reduta Theatre; the play was called Zamilovaný ponocný ({{langx|en|Watchman in Love}}) and was performed by the Venice Theatre Company. The same year, Mozart performed in the theatre with his elder sister Anna Maria (Nannerl). In that year the Mozart family spent Christmas in Brno,{{cite web|url=http://www.brno.cz/sprava-mesta/magistrat-mesta-brna/usek-organizacni/odbor-zahranicnich-vztahu/mezinarodni-vztahy/mezinarodni-site-mest/evropske-mozartovy-cesty/evropske-mozartovy-cesty/mozart-v-brne/|title=Brno – Mozart v Brně|publisher=The Statutory City of Brno|access-date=22 September 2011|language=cs|archive-date=15 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015143405/http://www.brno.cz/sprava-mesta/magistrat-mesta-brna/usek-organizacni/odbor-zahranicnich-vztahu/mezinarodni-vztahy/mezinarodni-site-mest/evropske-mozartovy-cesty/evropske-mozartovy-cesty/mozart-v-brne/|url-status=dead}} and their visit is commemorated by a statue of Mozart as a child in front of the Reduta Theatre. The theatre's Mozart Hall was also named after him.{{cite web|url=http://www.ndbrno.cz/photo_full/divadlo-reduta-mozartuv-sal|title=Divadlo Reduta, Mozartův sál, Národní divadlo Brno|access-date=22 September 2011|publisher=The National Theatre Brno|language=cs|archive-date=22 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322134259/http://www.ndbrno.cz/photo_full/divadlo-reduta-mozartuv-sal|url-status=dead}}

File:Mesto Brno - Mahenovo divadlo 2.jpg

The National Theatre of Brno is the leading producer of opera,{{cite web|url=http://www.ndbrno.cz/opera?lang=2|title=Opera, Národní divadlo Brno|publisher=The National Theatre Brno|access-date=22 September 2011}} drama,{{cite web|url=http://www.ndbrno.cz/drama?lang=2|title=Drama, Národní divadlo Brno|publisher=The National Theatre Brno|access-date=22 September 2011}} and ballet{{cite web|url=http://www.ndbrno.cz/ballet?lang=2|title=Ballet, Národní divadlo Brno|publisher=The National Theatre Brno|access-date=22 September 2011}} in the city of Brno. The first permanent seat of NdB was established in 1884, and today this institution owns the Mahen Theatre, built in 1882, Janáček Theatre, built in 1965, and the Reduta Theatre.{{cite web|url=http://www.ndbrno.cz/about-us/buildings|title=Buildings, Národní divadlo Brno|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=The National Theatre Brno|language=cs}} The composer Leoš Janáček is also connected with the National Theatre of Brno.{{cite web|url=http://www.ndbrno.cz/o-divadle/leos-janacek-a-narodni-divadlo-v-brne-1884-1928|title=Leoš Janáček a Národní divadlo v Brně 1884–1928, Národní divadlo Brno|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=The National Theatre Brno|language=cs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310202753/http://www.ndbrno.cz/o-divadle/leos-janacek-a-narodni-divadlo-v-brne-1884-1928|archive-date=10 March 2012|url-status=dead}} The Mahen Theatre was the first theatre building in Europe to be illuminated by Thomas Edison's electric light bulbs; at that time it was a completely new invention and there were no power plants built in the city, so a small steam power plant was built nearby just to power the theatre, and Edison came to Brno in 1911 to see it.{{cite web|url=http://www.ndbrno.cz/o-divadle/historie-mahenova-divadla |title=Historie Mahenova divadla, Národní divadlo Brno |access-date=21 September 2011 |publisher=The National Theatre Brno |language=cs|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118155119/http://www.ndbrno.cz/o-divadle/historie-mahenova-divadla |archive-date=18 November 2011 }}

The most commercially successful theatre in Brno is the Brno City Theatre, founded in 1945;{{cite web|url=http://www.mdb.cz/history-of-brno-city-theatre-71/|title=Městské divadlo Brno – Theatre / History|access-date=22 September 2011|publisher=The Brno City Theatre|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804030838/http://www.mdb.cz/history-of-brno-city-theatre-71/|archive-date=4 August 2012|url-status=dead}} its performances are usually sold out. They also stage about 150 performances abroad every year.{{cite web|url=http://www.mdb.cz/brno-city-theatre-today-70/|title=Městské divadlo Brno – Theatre / Today|access-date=22 September 2011|publisher=The Brno City Theatre|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120903213412/http://www.mdb.cz/brno-city-theatre-today-70/|archive-date=3 September 2012|url-status=dead}} The theatre's repertoire consists primarily of musical and dramatic shows.{{cite web|url=http://www.mdb.cz/performances-61/|title=Městské divadlo Brno – Performances|access-date=22 September 2011|publisher=The Brno City Theatre|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804053653/http://www.mdb.cz/performances-61/|archive-date=4 August 2012|url-status=dead}}

There are a variety of smaller theatres in Brno, including the Bolek Polivka Theatre, the Goose on a String Theatre ("Divadlo Husa na provázku"), HaDivadlo, Radost Puppet Theatre ("loutkové divadlo Radost"), and Polárka Theatre.

The Mahen Theatre was originally called the City Theatre, and until 1918 it performed exclusively in German and was not part of the National Theatre of Brno. Between 1971 and 1978, some plays were performed at the Brno Exhibition Centre due to reconstruction of the Mahen Theatre.{{cite web|url=https://is.muni.cz/th/75405/ff_m/DP_Fenomen_Mestskeho_divadla_Brno.pdf|title=Fenomén Městského divadla v Brno v brněnské kultuře|publisher=Masarykova univerzita, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav hudební vědy|access-date=22 September 2011|language=cs}}

File:Brněnské kolo a drak (02) výřez.jpg

File:Brno-AltesRathaus2.jpg

There are several legends connected with the City of Brno. One of the best known is the Legend of the Brno Dragon. According to this legend, a terrible creature was terrorizing the citizens of Brno. The people had never seen this animal before, so they called it a dragon. They lived in fear of the dragon until one citizen managed to kill the monster by tricking it into eating a carcass filled with lime. In reality the "dragon" was a crocodile, the preserved body of which is now displayed at the entrance of the Old Town Hall. Crocodile and dragon motifs are common in Brno. A crocodile ({{langx|cs|krokodýl}}) is the local stuffed baguette, and the city radio station is known as Radio Krokodýl. One of the local baseball teams is named Draci Brno ({{langx|en|Brno Dragons}}) and the local rugby club is named RC Dragon Brno. There is also a local American football team called the Brno Alligators. An Intercity train connecting Brno and Prague is called Brněnský drak ({{langx|en|Brno dragon}}).

Next to the dragon at the Old Town Hall is the town's second well-known emblem, a wagon wheel made from a tree found and cut down 50 miles from the city. According to the legend, a local man made a wager that he could fell the tree, make a wheel out of it, and roll the wheel to the City of Brno, all within a single day. Since the achievement was deemed to be impossible by normal human means, the man was believed to have called on the devil for assistance, and died in poverty as a result.{{Cite web |url=http://www.brno.cz/en/tourist-leisure/history/brno-tales/the-wheel-bet/ |title=Brno – the Wheel Bet |access-date=29 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802001559/http://www.brno.cz/en/tourist-leisure/history/brno-tales/the-wheel-bet |archive-date=2 August 2016 |url-status=dead}}

Another local legend relates to the siege of the city by Swedish forces in 1645. The locals and the Swedish army were in a stalemate, and the Swedish general declared that he would withdraw if his army had not won by noon. The bell ringer at Petrov Cathedral tricked him by ringing the bell an hour early, and keeping his word, the general and his army left.{{sfn|Henig|2000|p=93}} As a historic tribute to the event, the bell at Petrov Cathedral still rings for noon an hour earlier, at 11 o'clock. At this hour every day, the Brno astronomical clock also releases a glass ball as a souvenir.

File:Moravská zemská knihovna crop.jpg

The most significant museum in Brno is the Moravian Museum, the largest museum in Moravia and the second largest in the Czech Republic. The museum was founded in 1817 and its collections include over 6 million pieces.{{cite web|url=http://www.mzm.cz/Default-en.htm |title=The Moravian Museum |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927190624/http://www.mzm.cz/Default-en.htm |archive-date=27 September 2011}} The biggest public library in Brno is the Moravian Library, the second largest library in the Czech Republic with around 4 million volumes.{{cite web|url=http://www.mzk.cz/en/about-library|title=About the Library|publisher=The Moravian Library in Brno|access-date=26 September 2011}} The biggest gallery in Brno is the Moravian Gallery, again the second largest institution of its kind in the Czech Republic and the biggest in Moravia.{{cite web|url=http://www.moravska-galerie.cz/moravska-galerie/o-galerii/historie.aspx?lang=en|title=The Moravian Gallery in Brno – History|access-date=26 September 2011|archive-date=20 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320161136/http://www.moravska-galerie.cz/moravska-galerie/o-galerii/historie.aspx?lang=en|url-status=dead}} One section of the Moravian Museum, the Anthropos Pavilion, is related to the oldest history of mankind and prehistoric Europe.

Brno also has a Technical Museum, the largest in Moravia and one of the largest in Czech Republic. The permanent exhibitions chart the advance of science and technology, accompanied by various lifelike models and restored machines. The museum also hosts short-term exhibitions of many different points of interest.{{cite web|url=http://www.technicalmuseum.cz/en/akce/enamelling/|title=The Art of Enamelling / The Enamelling Technique|first=Pixelfield|last=s.r.o}}

In 2016 the Vašulka Kitchen Brno (VKB) was established in Brno for research, artistic experiment and informal education in the field of new media art. Housed in the Brno House of Arts, it consists of the archive of Steina and Woody Vasulka’ work and presents a permanent exhibition of their selected works.

File:Kampus 2 (Fotoarchiv RMU).jpg

In 2019, 62,000 students were enrolled in Brno's higher education institutions. The city is also home to a number of research and development institutions, including the Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC),{{cite web|url=http://www.ceitec.eu/|title=CEITEC|access-date=4 October 2011}} and the International Clinical Research Center (ICRC).{{cite web|url=http://www.fnusa-icrc.org/en/|title=FNUSA ICRC|access-date=23 July 2013}}

File:Zemědělská 1, Brno.JPG

With over 40,000 students, Masaryk University is the largest university in Brno and the second biggest in the Czech Republic.{{cite web|url=http://www.utrecht-network.org/en/site/brno|title=Marasyk University, Brno|access-date=4 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120035226/http://www.utrecht-network.org/en/site/brno|archive-date=20 January 2012|url-status=dead}} It consists of nine faculties, with more than 190 departments, institutes, and clinics.{{cite web|url=http://www.muni.cz/history/summary?lang=en|title=Brief history of the Masaryk University|access-date=2 October 2011}}

The Brno University of Technology was established in 1899, and is now among the biggest technical universities in the Czech Republic with over 20,000 students. Viktor Kaplan, inventor of the Kaplan turbine, spent nearly 30 years at the German Technical University in Brno, which ceased to exist in 1945, its property transferred to Brno University of Technology.

Mendel University, named after the founder of genetics Gregor Mendel, who developed his revolutionary scientific theories in Brno, has roughly 10,000 students.

Janáček Academy of Music and Performing Arts, named after Leoš Janáček, was founded in 1947 and is one of two academies of music and drama in the Czech Republic.{{cite web |url=http://english.jamu.cz/jamu/general.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428151103/http://english.jamu.cz/jamu/general.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 April 2009 |title=Janáček Academy – history |access-date=4 March 2010 }} It holds the annual Leoš Janáček Competition.{{cite web|url=http://hf.jamu.cz/english/leos-janacek-international-competition/ |title=Janáček Academy – Leoš Janáček Competition |publisher=Hf.jamu.cz |access-date=4 March 2010}}

File:Start Superbike Weltmeisterschaft 2008 Brno.JPG championship at the Masaryk Circuit]]

The city has a long association with motor racing; among other events, the Masaryk Circuit has hosted the Moto GP championship since 1965. The annual Czech Republic motorcycle Grand Prix, the most famous motor race in the Czech Republic, has been held in the city since 1950. Since 1968, Brno has been a permanent fixture on the European Touring Car Championship (ETCC) series.{{Cite web |title=EUROPEAN COLORECTAL CANCER DAYS: Venue |url=https://www.crcprevention.eu/index.php?pg=home--venue |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=crcprevention.eu}}

Track and road cycling have a long history in Brno. The first track races took place here in 1889, and the velodrome in Brno ranks among the oldest velodromes in the world. In 1969 Brno hosted the UCI Track Cycling World Championships and UCI Road World Championships for amateurs, in 1981 the UCI Track Cycling World Championships and in 2001 the UEC European Track Championships for the U23 category. There are two traditional cycling teams: [http://www.favoritbrno.cz/ TJ Favorit Brno] and [https://www.duklabrnosprint.cz/ Dukla Brno].

The 2010 FIBA World Championship for Women was played in Brno's Arena Vodova, with the Czech squad taking the silver medal.

There is a horse-race course at Brno-Dvorská and an aeroclub airport in Medlánky. Several sports clubs represent the city in the various Czech leagues, including FC Zbrojovka Brno (football), HC Kometa Brno (ice hockey), KP Brno (handball), BC Brno (basketball, men) and BK Brno (women), four baseball teams (Draci Brno, Hroši Brno, VSK Technika Brno, MZLU Express Brno), Brno Ravens Lacrosse Club (lacrosse), Brno Alligators (American football), two rugby teams (RC Dragon Brno, RC Bystrc) and others. Tennis players Barbora Krejčíková, Lucie Šafářová, Lukáš Rosol, and Jana Novotná are from Brno, as well as Michal Březina, one of the top Czech figure skaters.

Motorcycle speedway events were held at the Winter Stadium, off Na Rybníčku in Králové Pole.{{cite web |url=https://www.speedwaya-z.cz/?p=4452 |title=Alois Jarolim and the glory of the Brno Speedway |website=Speedway A-Z |date=25 December 2010 |access-date=29 March 2024}} The venue hosted a final round of the Czechoslovak Individual Speedway Championship in 1949, 1950 and 1954.{{cite web |url=http://www.historyspeedway.nstrefa.pl/indmczechoslowacji.php|title=Individual Czechoslovak Championship |website=historyspeedway.nstrefa.pl|access-date=29 March 2024}}

File:Brno - Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul II.jpg

File:Tugendhat zevnitr vyrez.jpg

Brno has hundreds of historical sights, including one designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO,{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1052|title=Tugendhat Villa in Brno – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}} and eight monuments listed among the national cultural heritage of the Czech Republic.{{cite web|url=http://monumnet.npu.cz/chruzemi/list.php?KrOk=Ok&Nazev=&KodOk=6202|title=Světové dědictví, NKP, chráněná území – okres Brno-město|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=The National Institute for the Protection and Conservation of Monuments and Sites of the Czech Republic|language=cs}}{{cite web|url=http://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/kulturni-pamatky.aspx|title=Kulturní památky|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=The Ministry of the interior of the Czech Republic|language=cs}} Most of the main sights of Brno are situated in the historical centre. The city has the third largest historic preservation zone in the Czech Republic, the largest one being in the Czech capital Prague. However, there is a considerable difference in the number of historical preservation zones of both cities. While Brno has 484 legally protected sites, Prague has as many as 1,330.{{cite web|url=http://monumnet.npu.cz/chruzemi/hledani.php|title=Národní památkový ústav: Světové dědictví, NKP, chráněná území|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=The National Institute for the Protection and Conservation of Monuments and Sites of the Czech Republic|language=cs}}

Špilberk Castle, originally a royal castle founded in the 13th century, was from the 17th century a fortress and feared prison (e.g. Carbonari). Today it is one of the city's principal monuments.{{cite web|url=http://www.spilberk.cz/?lang=en&pg=zobraz&co=spilberk-castle|title=Spilberk Castle – Špilberk, Brno Castle, the home of Brno City Museum|access-date=30 September 2011}}{{cite web|url=http://www.spilberk.cz/?pg=zobraz&co=spilberk-castle |title=Spilberk Castle – history |publisher=Spilberk.cz |access-date=4 March 2010}}

Another key landmark is the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul, built during the 14th and 15th centuries in place of an 11th-century chapel.{{cite web |author=Statutory city of Brno |url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=6&obrazek=52 |title=City of Brno – Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul |access-date=4 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510025729/http://www.brno.cz/index.php?nav01=2222&nav02=6&lan=en&obrazek=52 |archive-date=10 May 2009 |url-status=dead }} Its present form with two neo-Gothic towers was completed in 1909. The other large castle near the city is Veveří Castle.{{cite web|url=http://brnonow.com/2011/05/boats-veveri/|title=Weekend trip tip: hike to Veveří castle, take a ferry boat back to Brno|access-date=7 September 2011}}

The Abbey of Saint Thomas was the site of Gregor Mendel's experiments establishing the new science of genetics. The Church of Saint Tomas houses the tomb of its founder, John Henry and his son Jobst of Moravia, Margraves of Moravia. The Basilica of the Assumption of Our Lady houses the grave of its founder Queen Elisabeth Richeza. The Church of Saint James is one of the best preserved and most spectacular Gothic churches in Brno.

File:Brno Parnas Fountain-02.jpg]]

Brno Ossuary is the second largest ossuary in Europe,{{cite web|url=http://atlasobscura.com/place/brno-ossuary|title=Brno Ossuary located in Brno, Czech Republic|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=Atlas Obscura}} after the Catacombs of Paris. Another ossuary is the Capuchin crypt, with mummies of Capuchin monks and some of the notable people of their era, including architect Mořic Grimm and the mercenary leader Baron Trenk.{{cite web|url=http://www.kapucini.cz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10:capcrypt&catid=7:englishbrno&Itemid=11 |title=Capuchin Crypt |publisher=The Capuchin Monastery in Brno |access-date=21 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425045442/http://www.kapucini.cz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10%3Acapcrypt&catid=7%3Aenglishbrno&Itemid=11 |archive-date=25 April 2012}} The Labyrinth under Zelný trh, a system of underground corridors and cellars dating back to the Middle Ages, has been recently opened to the public. These cellars have been used mainly for storing food, maturing beer and wine, and as wartime shelters. Originally, they were not interconnected as they are now – this happened later during the reconstruction in 2009.{{Cite web|date=2020-08-07|title=Tip for a Trips: Brno's Underground|publisher=Foreigners.cz|url=https://blog.foreigners.cz/tip-trip-brno-underground/|access-date=2020-10-13|website=blog.foreigners.cz}}

Brno is home to a functionalist Synagogue and the largest Jewish cemetery in Moravia. A Jewish population lived in Brno as early as the 13th century, and remnants of tombstones can be traced back to as early as 1349.{{cite web|url=http://www.zob.cz/historie_en.html |title=The History of the Jewish Community in Brno |language=cs |date=27 September 2007 |access-date=4 March 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927132500/http://www.zob.cz/historie_en.html |archive-date = 27 September 2007}} The functionalist synagogue was built between 1934 and 1936. While the Brno Jewish community numbered 12,000 in 1938, only 1,000 survived Nazi persecution during Germany's occupation in World War II. Today, the cemetery and synagogue are again maintained by a Brno Jewish community. The only Czech mosque, founded in 1998, is also located in Brno.{{cite web|url=http://www.mesita.cz/|title=Mešita Brno|access-date=4 October 2011|language=cs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523075858/http://www.mesita.cz/|archive-date=23 May 2011|url-status=dead}}

The era between the world wars saw a building boom to the city, leaving it with many modern and especially functionalist buildings,{{cite web|url=http://www.brno.cz/turista-volny-cas/funkcionalismus-a-moderni-architektura/|title=Brno – Funkcionalismus a moderní architektura|access-date=21 September 2011|language=cs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928113040/http://www.brno.cz/turista-volny-cas/funkcionalismus-a-moderni-architektura/|archive-date=28 September 2011|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://brno.idnes.cz/tvorba-architekta-funkcionalismu-fuchse-prinesla-novou-estetiku-1cd-/Brno-zpravy.aspx?c=A100326_1357876_brno-zpravy_dmk|title=Tvorba architekta funkcionalismu Fuchse přinesla novou estetiku – iDNES.cz|date=27 March 2010 |access-date=21 September 2011|language=cs}} the most celebrated being Villa Tugendhat, designed by architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in the 1920s for the wealthy family of Fritz Tugendhat, and finished in 1930. It was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2001.{{cite web |author=Statutory city of Brno |url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=6&obrazek=59 |title=City of Brno – Villa Tugendhat |access-date=4 March 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130210014553/http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=6&obrazek=59 |archive-date=10 February 2013 |url-status=dead }} Another renowned architect who significantly shaped Brno was Arnošt Wiesner.{{cite web |url=http://www.czecot.com/en/?id_tema=328 |title=Tourist Portal of the Czech Republic – Interwar architecture in Brno |publisher=Czecot.com |date=15 February 2006 |access-date=4 March 2010 |archive-date=25 March 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060325112357/http://www.czecot.com/en/?id_tema=328 |url-status=dead }}Karrie Jacobs, Discovering Brno's architecture, in Travel + Leisure, November 2005, [http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/form-and-function/1 available online]{{cite web |author=webProgress.cz |url=http://www.kdpcr.cz/article.asp?nArticleID=2245&nLanguageID=2 |title=The Chamber of Tax Advisers of the Czech Republic – Some information about Brno |publisher=Kdpcr.cz |access-date=4 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718174238/http://www.kdpcr.cz/article.asp?nArticleID=2245&nLanguageID=2 |archive-date=18 July 2011 |url-status=dead }} Other functionalist buildings include the Avion Hotel and Morava Palace. The Brno Exhibition Centre is the city's main attraction for international business visitors, visited by over one million visitors each year, and hosting over 40 professional trade fairs and business conferences.

Lužánky is the oldest public park in the Czech Republic, established in the late 18th century by the emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.{{cite web|url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?nav01=33&nav02=4024&nav03=1530&nav04=3879&nav05=1532&nav06=1543|title=Park Lužánky – Statutární město Brno|publisher=Statutory City of Brno|access-date=21 September 2011|language=cs}} Denis Gardens were founded in the early 19th century and were the first public park in the present-day Czech Republic founded by public authorities.{{cite web|url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?nav01=2222&nav02=6&nav03=6&obrazek=3170|title=park Denisovy sady – Přehled kulturních památek – Statutární město Brno|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=Statutory City of Brno|language=cs|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130210033229/http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?nav01=2222&nav02=6&nav03=6&obrazek=3170|archive-date=10 February 2013|url-status=dead}} Špilberk Park is classified as a national cultural sight of the Czech Republic, as a unique piece of landscape architecture.{{cite web|url=http://www.europointbrno.cz/index.php?nav01=33&nav02=4024&nav03=1530&nav04=3879&nav05=1532&nav06=1542|title=Park Špilberk – Statutární město Brno|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=Statutory City of Brno|language=cs}}

One of Brno's more recent additions is the Brno astronomical clock.{{Cite web |last=Howard |first=Cheryl |date=2023-03-20 |title=The Phallic-Looking Brno Astronomical Clock |url=https://cherylhoward.com/brno-astronomical-clock/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=cherylhoward.com |language=en-CA}}

The AZ Tower, opened in 2013 and {{convert|111|m|ft}} tall, is the tallest building in the Czech Republic.{{Cite web |title=The Skyscraper Center |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/country/czech-republic |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=www.skyscrapercenter.com}}

{{main|List of people from Brno}}

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

• Gregor Mendel (1822–1884), scientist; lived and died here
• Ernst Mach (1838–1916), physicist and philosopher
• Maria Neruda (1840–1920), violinist
• Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk (1851–1914), economist
• Ludwig Strakosch (1855–1919), operatic baritone
• Adolf Loos (1870–1933), architect
• Anca Seidlova (1895–1982), pianist
• Erich Wolfgang Korngold (1897–1957), composer and conductor
• Ladislav Vácha (1899–1943), gymnast
• Hugo Haas (1901–1968), actor and director
• Jan Gajdoš (1903–1945), gymnast
• Georg Placzek (1905–1955), physicist
• Kurt Gödel (1906–1978), philosopher, mathematician and physicist
• Bohumil Hrabal (1914–1997), author
• Vítězslava Kaprálová (1915–1940), composer and conductor
• Zvi Dershowitz (1928–2023), American rabbi
• Milan Kundera (1929–2023), writer
• Woody Vasulka (1937–2019), Czech-American artist
• Rudolf Potsch (born 1937), ice hockey player
• Jiří Daler (born 1940), cyclist
• Lubo Kristek (born 1943), artist
• Jiří Pospíšil (1950–2019), basketball player
• Jan Stejskal (born 1962), footballer
• Roman Kukleta (1964–2011), footballer
• Robert Kron (born 1967), ice hockey player
• Jana Novotná (1968–2017), tennis player
• Jaromír Blažek (born 1972), footballer
• Magdalena Kožená (born 1973), opera singer
• Libor Zábranský (born 1973), ice hockey player and coach
• David Kostelecký (born 1975), sports shooter
• Adam Svoboda (1978–2019), ice hockey player
• Miroslava Knapková (born 1980), rower
• Jan Polák (born 1981), footballer
• Lucie Šafářová (born 1987), tennis player
• Tomáš Slavík (born 1987), mountain biker
• Karel Abraham (born 1990), motorcycle racer
• Jiří Procházka (born 1992), mixed martial artist; lives here
• Adam Ondra (born 1993), rock climber
• Nicole Melichar (born 1993), American tennis player
• Barbora Krejčíková (born 1995), tennis player

{{div col end}}

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}}

Brno is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Partnerská města|url=https://www.brno.cz/w/partnerska-mesta-1|publisher=City of Brno|language=cs|access-date=2024-06-29}}

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

• {{flagicon|SVK}} Bratislava, Slovakia
• {{flagicon|USA}} Dallas, United States
• {{flagicon|HUN}} Debrecen, Hungary
• {{flagicon|LTU}} Kaunas, Lithuania
• {{flagicon|UKR}} Kharkiv, Ukraine
• {{flagicon|GBR}} Leeds, England, United Kingdom
• {{flagicon|GER}} Leipzig, Germany
• {{flagicon|UKR}} Lviv, Ukraine
• {{flagicon|POL}} Poznań, Poland
• {{flagicon|FRA}} Rennes, France
• {{flagicon|AUT}} Sankt Pölten, Austria
• {{flagicon|GER}} Stuttgart, Germany

{{div col end}}

Brno also cooperates with:

• {{flagicon|KOR}} Daejeon, South Korea
• {{flagicon|NED}} Utrecht, Netherlands
• {{flagicon|AUT}} Vienna, Austria

This tool shows only cities with population over 300,000 in radius of {{convert|300|km|2|abbr=on}}.

{{Geographic location

|Centre = Brno

|North = Wrocław (≈{{convert|210|km|2|abbr=on}})

|Northeast = Katowice (≈{{convert|210|km|2|abbr=on}}), Kraków (≈{{convert|260|km|2|abbr=on}})

|East =

|Southeast = Budapest (≈{{convert|260|km|2|abbr=on}})

|South = Vienna (≈{{convert|110|km|2|abbr=on}}), Bratislava (≈{{convert|125|km|2|abbr=on}})

|Southwest =

|West =

|Northwest = Prague (≈{{convert|180|km|2|abbr=on}}), Dresden (≈{{convert|290|km|2|abbr=on}})

}}

Brno View from Spilberk 131.JPG|A view from Špilberk Castle

Petrov from Hybešova 2.JPG|Petrov cathedral

Brno - Náměstí Svobody I.jpg|Liberty Square; in the Middle Ages it was the main square.

Brno - Biskupský dvůr I.jpg|The Bishop's Palace towards the Cathedral

Ulice Veveří v Brně I.jpg|Tivoli

Brno, park Koliště, vodotrysky před divadlem (6908).jpg|Janáček Theatre

Brno - Hotel Grand 2015 obr1.jpg|Hotel Grand

Brno - Žulové hodiny.jpg|Brno astronomical clock

Masarykova street in Brno.jpg|Masarykova Street

Brno-Líšeň - Líšeňský zámek ve Staré Líšni focený od Kostelíčku (2).jpg|Líšeň Castle

Mesto Brno - nadvori Nove radnice v Brne pri pohledu ze schodiste.jpg|New Town Hall

Pražákův palác III.jpg|Moravian Gallery – Pražák Palace

Brno - Denisovy sady, obelisk obr2.jpg|Denis Gardens with obelisk

Mesto Brno - hrad Spilberk.jpg|Špilberk Castle

Brno Skořepka Agudas achim 3.jpg|Functionalist Agudas Achim Synagogue by Otto Eisler

Ústřední autobusové nádraží Brno obr1.jpg|Central Bus Station

The Victory of the Red Army over Fascism, Brno, Czechia.jpg|Red Army Statue - Park Moravské náměsti

• List of people from Brno
• Churches of Brno
• National Theatre (Brno)

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• {{cite book |last=Henig |first=Robin Marantz |title=The Monk in the Garden: The Lost and Found Genius of Gregor Mendel, the Father of Genetics |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-395-97765-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/monkingardenlost00heni}}
• Gödel, Alois (2006). "Brünn 1679–1684". Brno: ITEM. {{ISBN|80-902297-8-6}}.

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{{EB1911 poster|Brünn}}

• [https://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=20608&nav02=20617 Official website]
• [https://www.gotobrno.cz/en/ Official tourist portal]

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Category:Brno-City District

Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic