Boiling points of the elements (data page)
{{Short description|none}}
This is a list of the various reported boiling points for the elements, with recommended values to be used elsewhere on Wikipedia.
{{broader|Boiling point}}
Boiling points, Master List format
In the following table, the use row is the value recommended for use in other Wikipedia pages in order to maintain consistency across content.
class="wikitable sortable"
!Reference | |||
colspan="4" | 1 H hydrogen (H2) | |||
---|---|---|---|
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 20.271 K | −252.879 °C | −423.182 °F |
WebEl | 20.28 K | −252.87 °C | −423.17 °F |
CRC | −252.879 °C | ||
Lange | −252.88 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 21.15 K | −252 °C | |
colspan="4" | 2 {{anchor|1=He}}He helium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 4.222 K | −268.928 °C | −452.07 °F |
WebEl | 4.22 K | −268.93 °C | −452.07 °F |
CRC | −268.928 °C | ||
Lange | −268.935 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 4.15 K | −269 °C | |
colspan="4" | 3 {{anchor|1=Li}}Li lithium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1603 K | 1330 °C | 2426 °F |
WebEl | 1615 K | 1342 °C | 2448 °F |
CRC | 1342 °C | ||
Lange | 1330 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1603 K | 1330 °C | |
colspan="4" | 4 {{anchor|1=Be}}Be beryllium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2742 K | 2469 °C | 4476 °F |
WebEl | 2742 K | 2469 °C | 4476 °F |
CRC | 3243 K | ||
Lange | 2467 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3243 K | 2970 °C | 5378 °F |
colspan="4" | 5 B boron | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 4200 K | 3927 °C | 7101 °F |
WebEl | 4200 K | 3927 °C | 7101 °F |
CRC | 4000 °C | ||
Lange | 3864 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 4203 K | 3930 °C | |
colspan="4" | 6 C carbon (graphite) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | |||
WebEl | ? (4300 K) | ? (4027 °C) | ? (7281 °F) |
CRC | subl. 3825 °C | ||
Lange | subl. (3915–4020) °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 5103 K | 4830 °C | |
colspan="4" | 6 C carbon (diamond) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 4300 K | 4027 °C | 7281 °F |
WebEl | ? (4300 K) | ? (4027 °C) | ? (7281 °F) |
Lange | 3930 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 7 N nitrogen (N2) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 77.355 K | −195.795 °C | −320.431 °F |
WebEl | 77.36 K | −195.79 °C | −320.42 °F |
CRC | −195.795 °C | ||
Lange | −195.79 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 77.15 K | −196 °C | |
colspan="4" | 8 O oxygen (O2) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 90.188 K | −182.962 °C | −297.332 °F |
WebEl | 90.2 K | −182.9 °C | −297.2 °F |
CRC | −182.962 °C | ||
Lange | −182.96 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 90.15 K | −183 °C | |
colspan="4" | 9 F fluorine (F2) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 85.04 K | −188.11 °C | −306.60 °F |
WebEl | 85.03 K | −188.12 °C | −306.62 °F |
CRC | −188.11 °C | ||
Lange | −188.13 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 85.15 K | −188 °C | |
colspan="4" | 10 {{anchor|1=Ne}}Ne neon | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 27.104 K | −246.046 °C | −410.883 °F |
WebEl | 27.07 K | −246.08 °C | −410.94 °F |
CRC | −246.046 °C | ||
Lange | −246.05 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 27.15 K | −246 °C | |
colspan="4" | 11 {{anchor|1=Na}}Na sodium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1156.090 K | 882.940 °C | 1621.292 °F |
WebEl | 1156 K | 883 °C | 1621 °F |
CRC | 882.940 °C | ||
Lange | 881.4 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1163 K | 890 °C | |
colspan="4" | 12 {{anchor|1=Mg}}Mg magnesium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1363 K | 1090 °C | 1994 °F |
WebEl | 1363 K | 1090 °C | 1994 °F |
CRC | 1090 °C | ||
Lange | 1100 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1383 K | 1110 °C | |
colspan="4" | 13 {{anchor|1=Al}}Al aluminium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2743 K | 2470 °C | 4478 °F |
WebEl | 2792 K | 2519 °C | 4566 °F |
CRC | 2519 °C | ||
Lange | 2518 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 2743 K | 2470 °C | 4478 °F |
colspan="4" | 14 {{anchor|1=Si}}Si silicon | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3538 K | 3265 °C | 5909 °F |
WebEl | 3173 K | 2900 °C | 5252 °F |
CRC | 3265 °C | ||
Lange | 3265 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3533 K | 3260 °C | |
colspan="4" | 15 P phosphorus (white) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 550 K | 277 °C | 531 °F |
WebEl | 550 K | 277 °C | 531 °F |
CRC | 280.5 °C | ||
Lange | 280.3 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 553.2 K | 280 °C | |
colspan="4" | 15 P phosphorus (red) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | subl. 704 K | subl. 431 °C | subl. 808 °F |
CRC | subl. 431 °C | ||
Lange | subl. 416 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 16 S sulfur (orthorhombic, alpha) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 717.8 K | 444.6 °C | 832.3 °F |
WebEl | ? (717.87 K) | ? (444.72 °C) | ? (832.5 °F) |
CRC | 444.60 °C | ||
Lange | 444.6 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 718.2 K | 445 °C | |
colspan="4" | 16 S sulfur (monoclinic, beta) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 717.8 K | 444.6 °C | 832.3 °F |
WebEl | ? (717.87 K) | ? (444.72 °C) | ? (832.5 °F) |
CRC | 444.60 °C | ||
Lange | 444.6 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 16 S sulfur (gamma) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 717.87 K | 444.72 °C | 832.5 °F |
WebEl | ? (717.87 K) | ? (444.72 °C) | ? (832.5 °F) |
Lange | 444.72 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 17 {{anchor|1=Cl}}Cl chlorine (Cl2) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 239.11 K | −34.04 °C | −29.27 °F |
WebEl | 239.11 K | −34.04 °C | −29.27 °F |
CRC | −34.04 °C | ||
Lange | −34.04 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 238.5 K | −34.7 °C | |
colspan="4" | 18 {{anchor|1=Ar}}Ar argon | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 87.302 K | −185.848 °C | −302.526 °F |
WebEl | 87.3 K | −185.8 °C | −302.4 °F |
CRC | −185.848 °C | ||
Lange | −185.87 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 87.15 K | −186 °C | |
colspan="4" | 19 K potassium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1032 K | 759 °C | 1398 °F |
WebEl | 1032 K | 759 °C | 1398 °F |
CRC | 759 °C | ||
Lange | 759 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1047 K | 774 °C | 1425 °F |
colspan="4" | 20 {{anchor|1=Ca}}Ca calcium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1757 K | 1484 °C | 2703 °F |
WebEl | 1757 K | 1484 °C | 2703 °F |
CRC | 1484 °C | ||
Lange | 1484 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1760 K | 1487 °C | |
colspan="4" | 21 {{anchor|1=Sc}}Sc scandium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3109 K | 2836 °C | 5136 °F |
WebEl | 3103 K | 2830 °C | 5126 °F |
CRC | 2836 °C | ||
Lange | 2836 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3003 K | 2730 °C | |
colspan="4" | 22 {{anchor|1=Ti}}Ti titanium (hexagonal) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3560 K | 3287 °C | 5949 °F |
WebEl | 3560 K | 3287 °C | 5949 °F |
CRC | 3287 °C | ||
Lange | 3287 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3533 K | 3260 °C | |
colspan="4" | 23 V vanadium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3680 K | 3407 °C | 6165 °F |
WebEl | 3680 K | 3407 °C | 6165 °F |
CRC | 3407 °C | ||
Lange | 3421 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3680 K | 3407 °C | |
colspan="4" | 24 {{anchor|1=Cr}}Cr chromium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2755 K | 2482 °C | 4499 °F |
Zhang et al. | 2755 K | 2482 °C | 4499 °F |
WebEl | 2944 K | 2671 °C | 4840 °F |
CRC | 2671 °C | ||
Lange | 2679 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 2755 K | 2482 °C | |
colspan="4" | 25 {{anchor|1=Mn}}Mn manganese | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2334 K | 2061 °C | 3742 °F |
WebEl | 2334 K | 2061 °C | 3742 °F |
CRC | 2061 °C | ||
Lange | 2095 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 2373 K | 2100 °C | |
colspan="4" | 26 {{anchor|1=Fe}}Fe iron | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3134 K | 2861 °C | 5182 °F |
WebEl | 3134 K | 2861 °C | 5182 °F |
CRC | 2861 °C | ||
Lange | 2861 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3273 K | 3000 °C | |
colspan="4" | 27 {{anchor|1=Co}}Co cobalt | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3200 K | 2927 °C | 5301 °F |
WebEl | 3200 K | 2927 °C | 5301 °F |
CRC | 2927 °C | ||
Lange | 2927 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3173 K | 2900 °C | |
colspan="4" | 28 {{anchor|1=Ni}}Ni nickel | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3003 K | 2730 °C | 4946 °F |
WebEl | 3186 K | 2913 °C | 5275 °F |
CRC | 2913 °C | ||
Lange | 2884 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3003 K | 2730 °C | 4946 °F |
colspan="4" | 29 {{anchor|1=Cu}}Cu copper | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2835 K | 2562 °C | 4643 °F |
WebEl | 3200 K | 2927 °C | 5301 °F |
CRC | 2562 °C | ||
Lange | 2561.5 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 2868 K | 2595 °C | |
colspan="4" | 30 {{anchor|1=Zn}}Zn zinc | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1180 K | 907 °C | 1665 °F |
WebEl | 1180 K | 907 °C | 1665 °F |
CRC | 907 °C | ||
Lange | 907 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1180 K | 907 °C | |
colspan="4" | 31 {{anchor|1=Ga}}Ga gallium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2673 K | 2400 °C | 4352 °F |
WebEl | 2477 K | 2204 °C | 3999 °F |
CRC | 2204 °C | ||
Lange | 2203 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 2673 K | 2400 °C | 4352 °F |
colspan="4" | 32 {{anchor|1=Ge}}Ge germanium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3106 K | 2833 °C | 5131 °F |
WebEl | 3093 K | 2820 °C | 5108 °F |
CRC | 2833 °C | ||
Lange | 2830 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3103 K | 2830 °C | |
colspan="4" | 33 {{anchor|1=As}}As arsenic (gray) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 887 K | subl. 614 °C | 1137 °F |
WebEl | 887 K | 614 °C | 1137 °F |
CRC | subl. 603 °C | ||
Lange | subl. 615 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 886.2 K | 613 °C | |
colspan="4" | 34 {{anchor|1=Se}}Se selenium (hexagonal, gray) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 958 K | 685 °C | 1265 °F |
WebEl | 958 K | 685 °C | 1265 °F |
CRC | 685 °C | ||
Lange | 685 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 958.2 K | 685 °C | |
colspan="4" | 35 {{anchor|1=Br}}Br bromine (Br2) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 332.0 K | 58.8 °C | 137.8 °F |
WebEl | 332 K | 59 °C | 138 °F |
CRC | 58.8 °C | ||
Lange | 58.8 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 331.7 K | 58.5 °C | |
colspan="4" | 36 {{anchor|1=Kr}}Kr krypton | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 119.735 K | −153.415 °C | −244.147 °F |
WebEl | 119.93 K | −153.22 °C | −243.8 °F |
CRC | −153.415 °C | ||
Lange | −153.22 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 121.2 K | −152 °C | |
colspan="4" | 37 {{anchor|1=Rb}}Rb rubidium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 961 K | 688 °C | 1270 °F |
WebEl | 961 K | 688 °C | 1270 °F |
CRC | 688 °C | ||
Lange | 691 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 961.2 K | 688 °C | |
colspan="4" | 38 {{anchor|1=Sr}}Sr strontium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1650 K | 1382 °C | 2511 °F |
WebEl | 1655 K | 1382 °C | 2520 °F |
CRC | 1377 °C | ||
Lange | 1366 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1653 K | 1380 °C | |
colspan="4" | 39 Y yttrium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3203 K | 2930 °C | 5306 °F |
WebEl | 3609 K | 3336 °C | 6037 °F |
CRC | 3345 °C | ||
Lange | 3345 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3203 K | 2930 °C | 5306 °F |
colspan="4" | 40 {{anchor|1=Zr}}Zr zirconium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 4650 K | 4377 °C | 7911 °F |
WebEl | 4682 K | 4409 °C | 7968 °F |
CRC | 4409 °C | ||
Lange | 3577 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 4650 K | 4377 °C | 7911 °F |
colspan="4" | 41 {{anchor|1=Nb}}Nb niobium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 5017 K | 4744 °C | 8571 °F |
WebEl | 5017 K | 4744 °C | 8571 °F |
CRC | 4744 °C | ||
Lange | 4860 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 5017 K | 4744 °C | |
colspan="4" | 42 {{anchor|1=Mo}}Mo molybdenum | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 4912 K | 4639 °C | 8382 °F |
WebEl | 4912 K | 4639 °C | 8382 °F |
CRC | 4639 °C | ||
Lange | 4825 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 4885 K | 4612 °C | |
colspan="4" | 43 {{anchor|1=Tc}}Tc technetium (Tc-98 ?) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 4538 K | 4265 °C | 7709 °F |
WebEl | 4538 K | 4265 °C | 7709 °F |
CRC | 4265 °C | ||
Lange | (Tc-98) 4265 °C | ||
colspan="4" | est. 4900 K; Schwochau, Klaus, [https://books.google.com/books?id=g3QiV8Wr5ToC&pg=PA95 Technetium], p. 95 Wiley-VCH (2000), {{ISBN|3-527-29496-1}} | |||
colspan="4" | 44 {{anchor|1=Ru}}Ru ruthenium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 4423 K | 4150 °C | 7502 °F |
WebEl | 4423 K | 4150 °C | 7502 °F |
CRC | 4150 °C | ||
Lange | 4150 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 4423 K | 4150 °C | |
colspan="4" | 45 {{anchor|1=Rh}}Rh rhodium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3968 K | 3695 °C | 6683 °F |
WebEl | 3968 K | 3695 °C | 6683 °F |
CRC | 3695 °C | ||
Lange | 3727 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 4000 K | 3727 °C | |
colspan="4" | 46 {{anchor|1=Pd}}Pd palladium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3236 K | 2963 °C | 5365 °F |
WebEl | 3236 K | 2963 °C | 5365 °F |
CRC | 2963 °C | ||
Lange | 3167 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3233 K | 2960 °C | |
colspan="4" | 47 {{anchor|1=Ag}}Ag silver | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2483 K | 2210 °C | 4010 °F |
WebEl | 2435 K | 2162 °C | 3924 °F |
CRC | 2162 °C | ||
Lange | 2164 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 2483 K | 2210 °C | 4010 °F |
colspan="4" | 48 {{anchor|1=Cd}}Cd cadmium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1040 K | 767 °C | 1413 °F |
WebEl | 1040 K | 767 °C | 1413 °F |
CRC | 767 °C | ||
Lange | 765 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1038 K | 765 °C | |
colspan="4" | 49 {{anchor|1=In}}In indium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2345 K | 2072 °C | 3762 °F |
WebEl | 2345 K | 2072 °C | 3762 °F |
CRC | 2072 °C | ||
Lange | 2072 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 2273 K | 2000 °C | |
colspan="4" | 50 {{anchor|1=Sn}}Sn tin (white) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2875 K | 2602 °C | 4716 °F |
WebEl | 2875 K | 2602 °C | 4716 °F |
CRC | 2602 °C | ||
Lange | 2602 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 2893 K | 2620 °C | |
colspan="4" | 51 {{anchor|1=Sb}}Sb antimony | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1908 K | 1635 °C | 2975 °F |
WebEl | 1860 K | 1587 °C | 2889 °F |
CRC | 1587 °C | ||
Lange | 1587 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1908 K | 1635 °C | |
colspan="4" | 52 {{anchor|1=Te}}Te tellurium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1261 K | 988 °C | 1810 °F |
WebEl | 1261 K | 988 °C | 1810 °F |
CRC | 988 °C | ||
Lange | 989.9 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1263 K | 990 °C | |
colspan="4" | 53 I iodine (I2) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 457.4 K | 184.3 °C | 363.7 °F |
WebEl | 457.4 K | 184.3 °C | 363.7 °F |
CRC | 184.4 °C | ||
Lange | 185.24 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 457.2 K | 184 °C | |
colspan="4" | 54 {{anchor|1=Xe}}Xe xenon | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 165.051 K | −108.099 °C | −162.578 °F |
WebEl | 165.1 K | −108 °C | −162 °F |
CRC | −108.099 °C | ||
Lange | −108.04 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 165.2 K | −108 °C | |
colspan="4" | 55 {{anchor|1=Cs}}Cs caesium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 944 K | 671 °C | 1240 °F |
WebEl | 944 K | 671 °C | 1240 °F |
CRC | 671 °C | ||
Lange | 668.2 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 963.2 K | 690 °C | |
colspan="4" | 56 {{anchor|1=Ba}}Ba barium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1910 K | 1637 °C | 2978 °F |
WebEl | 2143 K | 1870 °C | 3398 °F |
CRC | 1845 °C | ||
Lange | 1845 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1910 K | 1637 °C | |
colspan="4" | 57 {{anchor|1=La}}La lanthanum | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3737 K | 3464 °C | 6267 °F |
WebEl | 3743 K | 3470 °C | 6278 °F |
CRC | 3464 °C | ||
Lange | 3464 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3743 K | 3470 °C | |
colspan="4" | 58 {{anchor|1=Ce}}Ce cerium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3716 K | 3443 °C | 6229 °F |
WebEl | 3633 K | 3360 °C | 6080 °F |
CRC | 3443 °C | ||
Lange | 3440 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3743 K | 3470 °C | |
colspan="4" | 59 {{anchor|1=Pr}}Pr praseodymium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3403 K | 3130 °C | 5666 °F |
WebEl | 3563 K | 3290 °C | 5954 °F |
CRC | 3520 °C | ||
Lange | 3520 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3403 K | 3130 °C | |
colspan="4" | 60 {{anchor|1=Nd}}Nd neodymium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3347 K | 3074 °C | 5565 °F |
WebEl | 3373 K | 3100 °C | 5612 °F |
CRC | 3074 °C | ||
Lange | 3074 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3303 K | 3030 °C | |
colspan="4" | 61 {{anchor|1=Pm}}Pm promethium (Pm-147 ?) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3273 K | 3000 °C | 5432 °F |
WebEl | 3273 K | 3000 °C | 5432 °F |
CRC | 3000 °C | ||
Lange | (Pm-147) estimated 3000 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 62 {{anchor|1=Sm}}Sm samarium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2173 K | 1900 °C | 3452 °F |
WebEl | 2076 K | 1803 °C | 3277 °F |
CRC | 1794 °C | ||
Lange | 1794 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 2173 K | 1900 °C | 3452 °F |
colspan="4" | 63 {{anchor|1=Eu}}Eu europium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1802 K | 1529 °C | 2784 °F |
WebEl | 1800 K | 1527 °C | 2781 °F |
CRC | 1529 °C | ||
Lange | 1527 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1713 K | 1440 °C | |
colspan="4" | 64 {{anchor|1=Gd}}Gd gadolinium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3546 K | 3273 °C | 5923 °F |
WebEl | 3523 K | 3250 °C | 5882 °F |
CRC | 3273 °C | ||
Lange | 3273 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3273 K | 3000 °C | 5432 °F |
colspan="4" | 65 {{anchor|1=Tb}}Tb terbium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3396 K | 3123 °C | 5653 °F |
WebEl | 3503 K | 3230 °C | 5846 °F |
CRC | 3230 °C | ||
Lange | 3230 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3396 K | 3123 °C | 5653 °F |
colspan="4" | 66 {{anchor|1=Dy}}Dy dysprosium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2840 K | 2567 °C | 4653 °F |
WebEl | 2840 K | 2567 °C | 4653 °F |
CRC | 2567 °C | ||
Lange | 2567 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 2873 K | 2600 °C | |
colspan="4" | 67 {{anchor|1=Ho}}Ho holmium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2873 K | 2600 °C | 4712 °F |
WebEl | 2993 K | 2720 °C | 4928 °F |
CRC | 2700 °C | ||
Lange | 2720 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 2873 K | 2600 °C | 4712 °F |
colspan="4" | 68 {{anchor|1=Er}}Er erbium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3141 K | 2868 °C | 5194 °F |
WebEl | 3141 K | 2868 °C | 5194 °F |
CRC | 2868 °C | ||
Lange | 2868 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3173 K | 2900 °C | |
colspan="4" | 69 {{anchor|1=Tm}}Tm thulium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2223 K | 1950 °C | 3542 °F |
WebEl | 2223 K | 1950 °C | 3542 °F |
CRC | 1950 °C | ||
Lange | 1950 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 2223 K | 1950 °C | 3542 °F |
colspan="4" | 70 {{anchor|1=Yb}}Yb ytterbium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1703 K | 1430 °C | 2606 °F |
WebEl | 1469 K | 1196 °C | 2185 °F |
CRC | 1196 °C | ||
Lange | 1196 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1703K | 1430 °C | 2606 °F |
colspan="4" | 71 {{anchor|1=Lu}}Lu lutetium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3675 K | 3402 °C | 6156 °F |
WebEl | 3675 K | 3402 °C | 6156 °F |
CRC | 3402 °C | ||
Lange | 3402 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3603 K | 3330 °C | |
colspan="4" | 72 {{anchor|1=Hf}}Hf hafnium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 4876 K | 4603 °C | 8317 °F |
WebEl | 4876 K | 4603 °C | 8317 °F |
CRC | 4603 °C | ||
Lange | 4450 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 4876 K | 4603 °C | |
colspan="4" | 73 {{anchor|1=Ta}}Ta tantalum | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 5731 K | 5458 °C | 9856 °F |
WebEl | 5731 K | 5458 °C | 9856 °F |
CRC | 5458 °C | ||
Lange | 5429 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 5693 K | 5420 °C | |
colspan="4" | 74 W tungsten | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 6203 K | 5930 °C | 10706 °F |
WebEl | 5828 K | 5555 °C | 10031 °F |
CRC | 5555 °C | ||
Lange | 5900 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 6203 K | 5930 °C | 10706 °F |
colspan="4" | 75 {{anchor|1=Re}}Re rhenium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 5869 K | 5596 °C | 10105 °F |
WebEl | 5869 K | 5596 °C | 10105 °F |
CRC | 5596 °C | ||
Lange | 5678 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 5903 K | 5630 °C | |
colspan="4" | 76 {{anchor|1=Os}}Os osmium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 5285 K | 5012 °C | 9054 °F |
WebEl | 5285 K | 5012 °C | 9054 °F |
CRC | 5012 °C | ||
Lange | 5225 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 5273 K | 5000 °C | |
colspan="4" | 77 {{anchor|1=Ir}}Ir iridium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 4403 K | 4130 °C | 7466 °F |
WebEl | 4701 K | 4428 °C | 8002 °F |
CRC | 4428 °C | ||
Lange | circa 2550 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 4403 K | 4130 °C | 7466 °F |
colspan="4" | 78 {{anchor|1=Pt}}Pt platinum | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 4098 K | 3825 °C | 6917 °F |
WebEl | 4098 K | 3825 °C | 6917 °F |
CRC | 3825 °C | ||
Lange | 3824 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 4100 K | 3827 °C | |
colspan="4" | 79 {{anchor|1=Au}}Au gold | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3243 K | 2970 °C | 5378 °F |
WebEl | 3129 K | 2856 °C | 5173 °F |
CRC | 2856 °C | ||
Lange | 2856 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 3243 K | 2970 °C | 5378 °F |
colspan="4" | 80 {{anchor|1=Hg}}Hg mercury | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 629.88 K | 356.73 °C | 674.11 °F |
WebEl | 629.88 K | 356.73 °C | 674.11 °F |
CRC | 356.73 °C | ||
Lange | 356.7 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 630.2 K | 357 °C | |
colspan="4" | 81 {{anchor|1=Tl}}Tl thallium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1746 K | 1473 °C | 2683 °F |
WebEl | 1746 K | 1473 °C | 2683 °F |
CRC | 1473 °C | ||
Lange | 1457 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1733 K | 1460 °C | |
colspan="4" | 82 {{anchor|1=Pb}}Pb lead | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2022 K | 1749 °C | 3180 °F |
WebEl | 2022 K | 1749 °C | 3180 °F |
CRC | 1749 °C | ||
Lange | 1749 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 2017 K | 1744 °C | |
colspan="4" | 83 {{anchor|1=Bi}}Bi bismuth | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1837 K | 1564 °C | 2847 °F |
WebEl | 1837 K | 1564 °C | 2847 °F |
CRC | 1564 °C | ||
Lange | 1564 °C | ||
Zhang et al. | 1833 K | 1560 °C | |
colspan="4" | 84 {{anchor|1=Po}}Po polonium (alpha) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 1235 K | 962 °C | 1764 °F |
WebEl | 1235 K | 962 °C | 1764 °F |
CRC | 962 °C | ||
Lange | 962 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 85 {{anchor|1=At}}At astatine (At2) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 503±3 K | 230±3 °C | 445±5 °F |
Otozai et al. | 503±3 K | ||
colspan="4" | 86 {{anchor|1=Rn}}Rn radon | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 211.5 K | −61.7 °C | −79.1 °F |
WebEl | 211.3 K | −61.7 °C | −79.1 °F |
CRC | −61.7 °C | ||
Lange | −62 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 87 {{anchor|1=Fr}}Fr francium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 890 K | 620 °C | 1150 °F |
Lavrukhina et al. | 620 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 88 {{anchor|1=Ra}}Ra radium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2010 K | 1737 °C | 3159 °F |
WebEl | 2010 K | 1737 °C | 3159 °F |
Lange | 1737 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 89 {{anchor|1=Ac}}Ac actinium (Ac-227 ?) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3471 K | 3198 °C | 5788 °F |
WebEl | 3573 K | 3300 °C | 5972 °F |
CRC | 3198 °C | ||
Lange | (Ac-227) circa 3200 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 90 {{anchor|1=Th}}Th thorium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 5061 K | 4788 °C | 8650 °F |
WebEl | 5093 K | 4820 °C | 8708 °F |
CRC | 4788 °C | ||
Lange | 4788 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 91 {{anchor|1=Pa}}Pa protactinium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | ? 4300 K | ? 4027 °C | ? |
colspan="4" | 92 U uranium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 4404 K | 4131 °C | 7468 °F |
WebEl | 4200 K | 3927 °C | 7101 °F |
CRC | 4131 °C | ||
Lange | 4131 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 93 {{anchor|1=Np}}Np neptunium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 4273 K | 4000 °C | 7232 °F |
WebEl | 4273 K | 4000 °C | 7232 °F |
Lange | above 3900 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 94 {{anchor|1=Pu}}Pu plutonium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3501 K | 3228 °C | 5842 °F |
WebEl | 3503 K | 3230 °C | 5846 °F |
CRC | 3228 °C | ||
Lange | 3230 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 95 {{anchor|1=Am}}Am americium | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 2880 K | 2607 °C | 4725 °F |
WebEl | 2880 K | 2607 °C | 4725 °F |
CRC | 2011 °C | ||
Lange | 2011 °C | ||
colspan="4" | 96 {{anchor|1=Cm}}Cm curium (Cm-244 ?) | |||
style="font-weight:bold"
| use | 3383 K | 3110 °C | 5630 °F |
WebEl | 3383 K | 3110 °C | 5630 °F |
CRC | circa 3100 °C | ||
Lange | (Cm-244) circa 3110 °C |
Periodic Table format
{{PeriodicTableBoilingPoints}}
Notes
- Unless noted, all values refer to the normal boiling point at standard pressure (101.325 kPa).
References
=Zhang et al.=
{{cite journal |doi= 10.1021/je1011086 |title=Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231538496 |last1=Zhang |first1=Yiming |last2=Evans |first2=Julian R. G. |last3=Yang |first3=Shoufeng |journal=J. Chem. Eng. Data |year=2011 |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=328–337}}
= WebEl =
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:
- {{cite book|author1=A.M. James|author2=M.P. Lord|title=Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data|publisher=Macmillan|place=London|year=1992|isbn=9780333511671}}
- {{cite book|author1=G.W.C. Kaye|author2=T. H. Laby|authorlink2=T. H. Laby|title=Tables of physical and chemical constants|publisher=Longman|place=London|edition=15th|year=1993}}
= CRC =
- {{cite book|ref=Haynes|editor=Haynes, William M.|year=2011|title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |edition=92nd|publisher= CRC Press|isbn=978-1439855119|pages=4.121–4.123}}
= Lange =
As quoted from:
- {{cite book|editor=J.A. Dean|title=Lange's Handbook of Chemistry|edition=15th|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=1999|at=Section 3; Table 3.2 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds|isbn= 978-0-07016384-3}}
= Otozai et al. =
{{cite journal | title = Estimation Chemical Form Boiling Point Elementary Astatine by Radio Gas Chromatography | last1= Otozai | first = K. | last2= Takahashi | first2 = N. | journal = Radiochimica Acta | volume = 31 | pages = 201–203 | year = 1982 |url = http://www.mendeley.com/research/estimation-chemical-form-boiling-point-elementary-astatine-radio-gas-chromatography/ | issue = 3–4 | doi=10.1524/ract.1982.31.34.201| s2cid= 100363889 }}
= Lavrukhina et al. =
{{cite book |title=Analytical Chemistry of Technetium, Promethium, Astatine, and Francium |first1=Avgusta Konstantinovna |last1=Lavrukhina |first2=Aleksandr Aleksandrovich |last2=Pozdnyakov |year=1970 |publisher=Ann Arbor–Humphrey Science Publishers |others=Translated by R. Kondor |isbn=978-0-250-39923-9 |page=269}}