Borderline intellectual functioning
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Borderline intellectual functioning
| synonyms = Borderline mental retardation, borderline mental subnormality, borderline mental deficiency, borderline mental disability, borderline intelligence, deficientia intelligentiæ, backwardness
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| specialty = Psychiatry
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{{Psychology sidebar}}
Borderline intellectual functioning, previously called borderline mental retardation (in the ICD-8),{{cite book |date=1967 |title=Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injures, and Causes of Death |url=http://psychiatr.ru/download/1481?view=1&name=1337.pdf |volume=1 |language=en |location=Geneva |publisher=World Health Organization |page=154}} is a categorization of intelligence wherein a person has below average cognitive ability (generally an IQ of 70–85),{{cite journal |pmid=20537050|title=Working memory and executive function profiles of individuals with borderline intellectual functioning|author=TP Alloway|journal=Journal of Intellectual Disability Research |date=May 2010|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01281.x|volume=54|issue=5|pages=448–56}} but the deficit is not as severe as intellectual disability (below 70). It is sometimes called below average IQ (BAIQ). This is technically a cognitive impairment; however, this group may not be sufficiently mentally disabled to be eligible for specialized services.
Codes
The DSM-IV-TR code of borderline intellectual functioning is V62.89.{{cite book |title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV |publisher=American Psychiatric Association |location=Washington, DC |year=2000 |isbn=0-89042-025-4 }} DSM-5 diagnosis codes are V62.89 and R41.83.{{cite book |author=American Psychiatric Association |title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) |chapter=Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention |year=2013 |pages=727 |location=Arlington, VA |publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing |isbn=978-0-89042-559-6 |doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596}}
Learning skills
During school years, individuals with borderline intellectual functioning are often "slow learners".The Best Test Preparation for the Advanced Placement Examination in Psychology, Research & Education Association. (2003), p. 99 Although a large percentage of this group fails to complete high school and can often achieve only a low socioeconomic status, most adults in this group blend in with the rest of the population.
Differential diagnosis
According to the DSM-5, differentiating borderline intellectual functioning and mild intellectual disability requires careful assessment of adaptive and intellectual functions and their variations, especially in the presence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders that may affect patient compliance with standardized test (for example, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with severe impulsivity or schizophrenia).
See also
References
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Further reading
- {{Cite book | last1 = Gillberg | first1 = Christopher | title = Clinical child neuropsychiatry | year = 1995 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | isbn = 0-521-54335-5 | pages =47–48}}
- {{Cite book | last1 = Harris | first1 = James C. | title = Intellectual disability : understanding its development, causes, classification, evaluation, and treatment | year = 2006 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | isbn = 0-19-517885-8 }}