Boulder

{{Short description|Natural rock fragment larger than 10 inches}}

{{About|large rocks|the city in Colorado|Boulder, Colorado|other uses}}

Image:Balanced Rock.jpg park in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States.]]

File:Boulder along the chief hike in Stawamus Chief Provincial Park, BC (DSCF7553).jpg, Canada]]

File:Kämmenkivi stone in Pisa, Kuopio, Finland.jpg, Finland]]

File:Bolders on Mahendra Hills, India.jpg, India.]]

In geology, a boulder (or rarely bowlder){{Cite book |title=Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language |publisher=G. & C. Merriam Company |year=1913 |location=Springfield, Massachusetts}} is a rock fragment with size greater than {{Convert|25.6|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} in diameter.{{cite book | title=Glossary of Geology | publisher=American Geological Institute | editor-last1=Neuendorf | editor-first1=K.K.E. | editor-last2=Mehl | editor-first2=J.P. Jr. | editor-last3=Jackson | editor-first3=J.A. | year=2005 | location=Alexandria, Virginia | page=79 | isbn=978-0922152896| edition=5th }} Smaller pieces are called cobbles and pebbles. While a boulder may be small enough to move or roll manually, others are extremely massive.{{cite dictionary|title=Boulder|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/boulder|dictionary=Dictionary.com|access-date=24 August 2013}} In common usage, a boulder is too large for a person to move. Smaller boulders are usually just called rocks or stones.

Etymology

The word boulder derives from boulder stone, from Middle English bulderston or Swedish bullersten.[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/boulder boulder. (n.d.)] Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved December 9, 2011, from Dictionary.com website.

About

In places covered by ice sheets during ice ages, such as Scandinavia, northern North America, and Siberia, glacial erratics are common. Erratics are boulders picked up by ice sheets during their advance, and deposited when they melt. These boulders are called "erratic" because they typically are of a different rock type than the bedrock on which they are deposited. One such boulder is used as the pedestal of the Bronze Horseman in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Some noted rock formations involve giant boulders exposed by erosion, such as the Devil's Marbles in Australia's Northern Territory, the Horeke basalts in New Zealand, where an entire valley contains only boulders, and The Baths on the island of Virgin Gorda in the British Virgin Islands.

Boulder-sized clasts are found in some sedimentary rocks, such as coarse conglomerate and boulder clay.

See also

References

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