Boule de Genève

{{Short description|Type of watch}}

File:Boule de Genève, ca. 1890.jpeg revival style with granulation and wirework decoration, unsigned, Switzerland, {{circa|1890}}, 21.5k yellow gold. Lecoultre winding system. It is unusual to find a ball-charm matching the ball watch. Watch Museum of Le Locle (Switzerland).]]

A Boule de Genève (Geneva ball) is a type of pendant watch in the shape of a small ball or sphere originating from Geneva, (Switzerland). The dial is usually at the bottom of the sphere facing the floor, at the opposite side of the jump ring on the upper part of the sphere, although there are examples with a front view face. Usually, they were arabic numeral dials, sometimes Roman, and from the 1950s different types of hour markers were also used. This objet de vertu frequently came with a matching brooch, chain or chatelaine.

The term Boule de Genève is generic and does not mean that a given watch was necessarily made in the city or Canton of Geneva. Likewise, it should not be confused with another Swiss pendant watch also in spherical form, with a front view dial and magnifying dome-shaped glass at the front and back of the timepiece, the so-called bubble watch.

Geneva balls were crafted in different sizes, styles, materials and decorative techniques, such as gold, silver, other metals, guilloché enamel, enamel, cloisonné, adorned with diamonds, pearls, etc. They were intended as an accessory mainly for women.

Many of the early "balls" were unsigned, though others retailed by jewellery companies such as Cartier,[https://www.artcurial.com/fr/lot-cartier-boule-de-geneve-ndeg-24148-m1078-600 Cartier ball, ca. 1910] Tiffany's,[https://www.renaissanceantiques.com/product/2574/ Tiffany's ball] or Van Cleef & Arpels,[https://www.1stdibs.com/jewelry/watches/pocket-watches/van-cleef-arpels-rose-gold-ball-form-pin-watch/id-j_173078/ Van Cleef & Arpels ball, 1940s] and others marketed by watch brands.

==History==

File:Horloge, zgn. ‘Boule de Genève’, met Engelse ankergang en bijpassende chatelaine, objectnr KA 3656.jpg]]

File:Remontoir horloge, zgn. ‘boule de Genève’ met bijpassende chatelaine, objectnr KA 3639.jpg

The first boules de Genève date from the 1860s, marketed by firms such as Patek Philippe from 1866.[https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2009/important-watches-n08543/lot.124.html Important Watches catalogue, Sotheby's New York, 28/04/2009] They featured the winding mechanism invented by Marius Lecoultre (1847–1915)[https://hans-weil.faszination-uhrwerk.de/albert_h_potter.pdf Eugène Lecoultre und Marius Lecoultre, Hans Weil, 2020] of Geneva and patented in Switzerland in 1889[https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search?q=pn%3DCH114A Swiss patent 114, "Mécanisme de remontoir de montre à commande horizontale", published 12/01/1889] (the Swiss patent office was not created until 1888).[https://www.ige.ch/en/about-us/the-history-of-the-ipi The history of the IPI] Winding by rotating the hemisphere containing the dial and time setting by pressing the protruding, cylindrical-shaped button at one side of the orb while turning the said hemisphere clockwise or counter clockwise. These watches have no key and crown. Lecoultre's winding system was also used in some ring watches[https://www.antique-watch.com/product/diamond-set-gold-ring-watch/ Late 19th century ring watch, winding and setting by rotating the bezel] and wristwatches of the time, like for example in an 1889 Vacheron Constantin wristwatch, which is operated by rotating the bezel.[https://www.watchprosite.com/vacheron-constantin/review-vacheron-watch-review-egerie/14.566566.3504216/ Watchprosite]

In the 1878 Paris Exposition Universelle, Patek Philippe devoted a showcase to these ball-form timepieces. And years later sold pieces to royalty such as Sultan Hussein Kamel of Egypt in 1887"On November 2, 1887, a ball watch and three pieces of jewellery ("bijoux") were sold to Prince Hussein Kamil". Timepieces for Royalty 1859-1910, Patek Philippe Museum, 2005, p. 169 and Empress Teresa of Brazil in 1888."On June 29, 1888, a ball watch and a piece of jewellery ("bijou") were sold to Her Majesty the Empress of Brazil". Timepieces for Royalty 1859-1910, Patek Philippe Museum, 2005, p. 170

At the 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition, several exhibitors displayed these types of watches among their horological products, called "globes" in the "Report of the Committee on Awards of the World's Columbian Commission":[https://books.google.com/books?id=xPQ_AAAAYAAJ&dq=%22marius%20lecoultre%22&pg=PA902 Report of the Committee on Awards of the World's Columbian Commission. Vol. 2 (1901), pp. 903-905]

{{quote|

• Eugène Clémence-Beurret, Chaux-de-Fonds: (...) and globes incrusted with diamonds, rubies, pearls, and enamels, in the most artistic manner.
• C. Degallier, Geneva: A magnificent collection of chatelaine and bijou watches, small watches in bracelets, tiny globes (...).
• Marius Lecoultre, Geneva: (...) chatelaine watches in the form of globes and other fanciful designs (...).
• G. Jeanneret & E. Vrocher, Chaux-de-Fonds: (...) watches in very small globes (...).
• F. Borgel, Geneva: A number of the smallest watches made, beautifully decorated with diamonds and enamels, in small globes, bracelets, and chatelaines (...).}}

A different winding and setting system was invented by Ariste Bourquard of Bienne and patented in Switzerland in 1907,[https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/004263251/publication/CH37774A?q=pn%3DCH37774A Swiss patent 37774, "Mécanisme de remontoage et de mise à l'heure", published 15/08/1907] this system did not require a crown and a key either.

At least from the First World War, these types of pendant watches were fitted with a winding crown. For example, there are several Rolex "balls" dating from that period.[https://www.lot-art.com/auction-lots/A-silver-ball-pendant-watch-by-Rolex/369-silver_ball_pendant_watch_rolex-30.10.18-fellow Rolex ball hallmarked 1917][https://www.styleantiques.co.uk/recently-sold/1371-rolex-silver-enamel-spherical-ball-fob-watch-1918.html Rolex ball hallmarked 1918]

The small watch continued to be manufactured in the following decades, enjoying a revival in popularity in the 1960s, judging by the number of brand names that existed and pieces available. They are distinguishable by their dials having stamped, printed and/or applied different types of indices;[https://whichwatchnext.com/watch-indices/ 10 Different Types of Watch Indices (Hour Markers)] baton, stick, round, arrow, etc.

In the 1970s, quartz movements[https://www.ebay.com/itm/284017291459?_trkparms=amclksrc%3DITM%26aid%3D111001%26algo%3DREC.SEED%26ao%3D1%26asc%3D20160908105057%26meid%3Db36d75c24c04417bb7bea81a73234818%26pid%3D100675%26rk%3D1%26rkt%3D15%26sd%3D284017291459%26itm%3D284017291459%26pmt%3D1%26noa%3D1%26pg%3D2380057%26brand%3DBucherer&_trksid=p2380057.c100675.m4236&_trkparms=pageci%3A65f9a728-278b-11ec-8f35-8af71bdb03eb%7Cparentrq%3A5b94564e17c0a69dc2fac585fffe986e%7Ciid%3A1 Bucherer ball, quartz movement, 1970s] were introduced in these timepieces for the first time.