Bradwall

Bradwall is not mentioned in the Domesday Book, completed in 1086 for William I of England, at which time the area was thought to be uncultivated moorland between Brereton and Warmingham, that formed part of the southern boundary of the Barony of Kinderton, the historic name of Middlewich.

The township derives its name from the Old English word brāde, meaning broad, and wælla meaning spring.{{cite book |title=Survey of English Place Names |volume=45 |author=English Place-Name Society |publisher=The University Press |year=1970 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFdnAAAAMAAJ&q=bradwall |ref=CITEREFEPNS1970}}"[http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Cheshire/Bradwall Bradwall]", Key to English Place Names, Institute for Name-Studies, University of Nottingham. Retrieved 8 May 2012 Variant spellings include (dates in brackets):J. McN. Dodgson and Alexander R. Rumble, The place-names of Cheshire, Volume 2, English Place-Name Society, Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 1981, page 226. [https://books.google.com/books?id=3_3kAAAAMAAJ&q=Bardwell++Beatwall] Brade-,The Twenty-Ninth Annual Report of The Deputy Keeper of the Public Records, Published 1868, [https://books.google.com/books?id=a_sUAAAAQAAJ&q=bradewall&pg=PA58 page 58] -wal, -wale, -walle, Bradwall (1226),J. Varley (editor), A Middlewich Chartulary, publ. Chetham Society (NS 105, 108), 1941–1944, referenced by {{harvp|EPNS|1970}} Brad(e)well(e) (1281),R. Stewart-Brown (editor), Calendar of County Court, City Court and Eyre Rolls of Chester, 1259–1297, publ. Chetham Society (NS 84), 1925, referenced by {{harvp|EPNS|1970}} Brod(e)wall (1324),Manuscripts of E. E. Barker Esq., NRA 04060, referenced by {{harvp|EPNS|1970}}.The Private Archives Team at the National Archives notes that this "consists of a typed list of 84 pages recording a collection of deeds in the possession of Eric Barker Esq of 6 Millview Terrace, Greenland Road, Worthing, Sussex, compiled in c. 1950 [...] could not be traced in March 1969' [and] the collection appears to have been dispersed.The Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, Volume 103, The Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, 1953, [https://books.google.com/books?id=U2IKAQAAMAAJ&q=Brodewall+Venables page 22] Beatwall (1326),MSS of the Leicester-Warren Family at Tabley House, [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=F3940 NRA 3636] referenced by {{harvp|EPNS|1970}}. Also at Cheshire Archives, reference [https://archive.today/20121223163301/http://archive.cheshire.gov.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DLT&pos=79 DLT] Broadwall (1415),Calendar of the Chester Recognizance Rolls, in Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records(ARDK), Vol. 36, 1875, [https://archive.org/stream/annualreportdep02offigoog#page/n312/mode/2up/search/bradwall Appendix 2]; ARDK, Vol.37, 1876, Appendix 2; ARDK, 1878, Vol.39, Appendix 1, referenced by {{harvp|EPNS|1970}} Bardwell (1438), and, Bradwell (1724).Gastrell, Francis, 1662–1725; Raines, Francis Robert, 1805–1878, ed, Notitia Cestriensis, or Historical Notices of the Diocese of Chester, Vol.1, Cheshire, publ. Chetham Society (OS 8), [https://archive.org/details/notitiacestriens18manc/page/255 page 255] referenced by {{harvp|EPNS|1970}} The name was also associated with the local hamlet of Hollinsgreen, where it was referred to as Bradwall et Hollins (c. 1662), and Bradwall cum Hollins (1819). Today, the township also lends its name to the hamlet of Bradwall Green.

There is evidence of Bronze Age and Roman activity in the area. A Late Bronze Age axe head dating to around 1000-801 BC was found near Fields Farm Fisheries in Bradwall."[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCH15358&resourceID=1004 Bronze Socketed/Looped Axe from Fields Farm Fisheries]", Cheshire Historic environment record, SMR Number 5009 at map reference SJ76SE Around a thousand Roman coins dating from not earlier than 270 AD were discovered in 1820, on the eastern side of Bradwall, a short distance from the Brindley Moor's Farm and about four miles direct from the Roman station at Kinderton, at a point where a small brook is crossed by the footpath from Brereton to Sandbach.George Ormerod, "Correspondence", in Archaeologia cambrensis, Volume 2, Cambrian Archaeological Association, 1847, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4JsbAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22bradwall%22+%22roman+coins%22&pg=PA182 page 182]"[http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/tithemaps/TwinMaps.aspx?singleplot=EDT_61-2*249*EDT_61-1&singlesrch=st.3!n.moor!x.0!map.EDT+61%2f2 Brindley Moor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119124423/http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/tithemaps/TwinMaps.aspx?singleplot=EDT_61-2*249*EDT_61-1&singlesrch=st.3!n.moor!x.0!map.EDT+61%2f2 |date=19 January 2015 }}", owned by John Latham, occupied by Thomas Arden, at Cheshire Archives and Local Studies, e-mapping Discovered by a mole-catcher, the coins included examples of denarii of Gallienus, Claudius II, Tetricus, Victorinus, and Diocletian.J. P. Earwaker, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., "Roman Remains in the Eastern Part of Cheshire", Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, Third Series, Volume V, Sessions 1876–1877, [https://archive.org/stream/transactions187629histuoft#page/86/mode/2up page 86] The remains of part of a Roman road, are also thought to have been discovered near the western side of Bradwall, by Boothlane, towards the west of Sandbach, and near King Street."[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCH4834&resourceID=1004 King Street - Middlewich to Chesterton Section]", Cheshire Historic environment record, SMR Number 436/1/13, on map reference SJ76SW. Since the 1936 parish boundary changes, the road's location is now in Elworth on Roman Way in Sandbach Parish."[http://ooc.openstreetmap.org/?zoom=15&lat=53.14913&lon=-2.36707&layers=000B0 Roman Road]", Ordnance Survey 1946 map, compare with "[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?hl=en&ll=53.147768,-2.384913&spn=0.005437,0.011748&hnear=Sandbach,+Cheshire+East,+United+Kingdom&t=m&z=17 Roman Road]" on Google Maps

{{main|Manor of Bradwall}}

The first records that mention Bradwall are from about the 13th century,{{harvp|Ormerod|1819}} refers to the Harleian Collection's Harley Manuscripts: [https://books.google.com/books?id=XqZJAAAAcAAJ&q=bradwall&pg=PA438 2007], 155 & 233; [https://books.google.com/books?id=XqZJAAAAcAAJ&q=bradwall&pg=PA433 2074]; [https://books.google.com/books?id=XqZJAAAAcAAJ&q=bradwall&pg=PA438 2077]; [https://books.google.com/books?id=XqZJAAAAcAAJ&q=bradwall&pg=PA442 2079]; when the Venables family of Kinderton divided the manorial estate (i.e. the land) of Bradwall into two parts or "moieties". Several families have been associated with either the Manor, or the more recent country seat at Bradwall Hall, including:

File:Bradwall Hall, Sandbach before 1920s.jpg

The country seat of Bradwall (i.e. its buildings and its estate) is thought to have been originally on the west side of the parish, within a rectangular moat with a large pool,"[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCH4920&resourceID=1004 Bradwall Hall]", Site of the Medieval moat, SMR Number 1097, on map reference SJ76SE. with the name Hallfields, near Hollins Wood.{{harvp|Ormerod|1819|loc=[https://archive.org/stream/historyofcountyp03orme#page/64/mode/2up/search/bradwall p. 64]}} Hall Field next to Hollins Wood is also found on 19th-century tithe maps."[http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/tithemaps/TwinMaps.aspx?srch=st.3!n.Hall+Field!x.0!map.EDT+61%2f2 Hall Field] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052046/http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/tithemaps/TwinMaps.aspx?srch=st.3%21n.Hall+Field%21x.0%21map.EDT+61%2F2 |date=4 March 2016 }}" on "Tithe Maps 1836–51" at Cheshire Archives website. Retrieved 20 May 2012 ([http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/tithemaps/Search.aspx#Tab3 Plot name search] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521134545/http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/tithemaps/Search.aspx#Tab3 |date=21 May 2012 }}) At some later time, the seat moved eastwards to Bradwall Hall.Sir Bernard Burke, A visitation of the seats and arms of the noblemen and gentlemen of Great Britain, Volume 2, Publisher Colburn, 1853, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-69CAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Bradwall+Hall%22+seat+manor&pg=PA127 page 127]

Located nearer the middle of the parish, Bradwall Hall was the seat of the Latham Family. Recorded as early as 1803,Daniel Paterson, A new and accurate description of all the direct and principal cross roads in Great Britain, published 1803, [https://books.google.com/books?id=EhQHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA303 page 304] the Hall is described as "a large white house with no architectural features of interest, is said by Dr. George Ormerod to have been 'a large building of brick, finished with gables, at the end of an avenue of firs and evergreens,' which had been enlarged and modernised from time to time". Following the 19th-century decline of the English country house, Bradwall Hall was demolished on 16 October 1960, blown up by the 214 Field Squadron of the Royal Engineers,"Stately Ruins", The Guardian [archive.guardian.co.uk/ Digital Archive] 17 October 1960, page 11 although one of its cottages and the coach-house remain, and they are now Grade II listed buildings, dated by English Heritage to the 17th century.{{NHLE|num=1279173 |access-date= 3 May 2012}}

File:bradwall-reformatory-school-cottage.jpg ]]

Bradwall Reformatory School was built by George William Latham (1827–1886) on his own property at Bradwall Hall, in 1855, and aimed to reform delinquent boys through the use of an industrial labour apprenticeship.The Irish quarterly review, Volume 5, Publisher W.B. Kelly, 1855. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=a4YAAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22George+William+Latham%22&pg=RA3-PR51 page li]) A report to the House of Commons in 1861 reported that:

:"There were 58 boys in the school when I inspected it. [...] I was glad to find that more of the ordinary farming processes were being resorted to; the plough and other common agricultural machines employed, so that the training of the lads as farm servants would be gradually made more complete than the use of spade labour allows of. The books are well kept. The punishments had been much fewer, chiefly fines or loss of privilege. [...] :The cost per head for the year was 18l. 9s. 11d."Reports from Commissioners, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, 1862 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=UCJcAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22bradwall+Reformatory+%22&pg=RA2-PA33 page 33])

Notable detainees included two eight-year-old boys, Peter Barratt and James Bradley, who on 11 April 1861 abducted and killed two-year-old George Burgess.Jane Pilcher, Stephen Wagg, Thatcher's Children?: Politics, Childhood And Society in the 1980s And 1990s, Volume 6, Publisher Psychology Press, 1996, {{ISBN|0-7507-0461-6}}, 9780750704618, 231 pages, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Kjg6WmRgiJgC&dq=%22Peter+Barratt%22++James+Bradley&pg=PA151 page 151] They were charged with manslaughter, and sentenced by the judge Sir Charles Crompton to be sent to the Reformatory at Bradwall, which "was to rank as the most enlightened and successful institution of its kind in the country".Gitta Sereny, "[https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/a-child-murdered-by-children-1616746.html A Child Murdered by Children]", The Independent, Sun 23 April 1995 Another detainee was one Joshua Tolley who was sent to Bradwall in 1871 at the age of eight. He was in and out of reform school until the age of 16, but as a persistent offender, served sentences in Knutsford and Dartmoor prisons.David J. Cox, Steve Farrall and Barry Godfrey, "Persistent Offenders in the North West of England, 1880–1940: Some Critical Research Questions", Crimes and Misdemeanours: Deviance and the Law in Historical Perspective, vol.I, issue 1, 2007, pages 69–89 ([http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=abstract&id=401883 Abstract] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130414151936/http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=abstract&id=401883 |date=14 April 2013 }}, [http://www.pbs.plymouth.ac.uk/solon/journal/issue%201.1/Cox,%20Farrall%20and%20GodfreyCandMIssue1%20.pdf full text] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003036/http://www.pbs.plymouth.ac.uk/solon/journal/issue%201.1/Cox,%20Farrall%20and%20GodfreyCandMIssue1%20.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }})

George William Latham's cousin, Charles Latham (1816–1907) was surgeon to the Bradwall Reformatory from its foundation until his retirement in 1903. The school was renamed Bradwall Training School in 1908,"Certificate", London Gazette, Issue 30633 published 16 April 1918. [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/30633/pages/4567 Page 9] and closed in 1920.McLean, C & McLean, M, Bradwall Reformatory School, Reference [https://archive.today/20121223183622/http://archive.cheshire.gov.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=212228&pos=7 212228], at Cheshire Archives and Local Studies"The Training School, Holmes Chapel", London Gazette, Issue 32098 published 6 October 1920. [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/32098/pages/10292 Page 10] The buildings are now Grade II listed, converted into cottages.{{NHLE|num=1138826 |access-date= 3 May 2012}}

Historically, Bradwall has been farming and pasture land with the majority of people working in agriculture. The 1881 Census notes that nearly 20% of the residents were in agriculture followed by nearly 12% in domestic service; 43% had an unknown, or non-specific occupation (see table below)."[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=T_IND&data_cube=N_OCC_ORDER1881&u_id=10101153&c_id=10001043&add=Y Occupation data classified into the 24 1881 'Orders', plus sex]" at Vision of Britain Through Time website. Retrieved 3 May 2012 The 1902 Kelly's Directory of Cheshire, noted that in Bradwall, "the crops are oats, roots, wheat and rye. The land is chiefly pasture", and that commercially, there are a total of 15 farmers, one blacksmith and the superintendent of the Reformatory School."Bradwall", in Kelly's Directory of Cheshire, 1902, [http://www.historicaldirectories.org/hd/PAGEVIEWER.ASP?fn=0000aa9l.tif&dn=BCL15022tif&zoom=in page 316]

File:bradwall-road-sign-sandbach.jpg

File:Cheshire-south-east-saxton-map-1577.jpg showing Bradwall, and also the Rivers Croco, Wheelock and Dane. See also Bradwall Parish today]]

Bradwall is a village and parish council in southeast Cheshire in the northwest of England. As the crow flies, the Irish Sea is about {{convert|37|mi|abbr=on}} northwest, Manchester city centre is about {{convert|22|mi|abbr=on}} north, the county capital Chester is {{convert|22|mi|abbr=on}} west, the Peak District is {{convert|13|mi|abbr=on}} east, Stoke on Trent is {{convert|13|mi|abbr=on}} southeast, and London is {{convert|150|mi|abbr=on}} southeast ({{convert|172|mi|abbr=on}} by car).All distances derived from Google Earth. Retrieved 12 May 2012

Locally, Bradwall is a mile north of Sandbach parish council, {{convert|7.5|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of Crewe, {{convert|4|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of Middlewich, {{convert|4|mi|abbr=on}} south of Holmes Chapel, and {{convert|8|mi|abbr=on}} west of Congleton.All distances derived from Google Maps. Retrieved 4 May 2012 The Parish covers {{convert|1938|acre}}"[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?u_id=10101153&data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_AREA_ACRES&add=Y Bradwall Historical statistics]" at A Vision of Britain Through Time website. Retrieved 4 May 2012 Somewhat irregular in shape, it extends about {{convert|3|mi|abbr=on}} east-west, and {{convert|2.5|mi|abbr=on}} north-south. The land is slightly undulating, at an elevation of about {{convert|130|ft|abbr=on}} in the northwest, rising to about {{convert|195|ft|abbr=on}} in the southeast.[http://www.streetmap.co.uk/map.srf?X=375190&Y=363150&A=Y&Z=120&ax=375500&ay=362500 Bradwall], Ordnance Survey map, via Streetmap.co.uk. Retrieved 6 May 2012 Wooded areas included Barlow Wood, Bradwall Wood, Denman Wood and Hollins Wood.

A handful of brooks flow throughout the parish, the most notable being the so-called Small Brook which flows into Sanderson's Brook in the adjacent Sproston Parish. The River Croco is about a {{convert|1.5|mi|abbr=on}} north of Bradwall, and the River Wheelock about {{convert|2.5|mi|abbr=on}} away from the southwest boundary of Bradwall. Both rivers join the River Dane in Middlewich, which itself flows about {{convert|2.5|mi|abbr=on}} north,[http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/ce/interactivemapping/?e=375138.295&n=363440.271&s=20000&layers=PAR&bm=SM Bradwall Civil Parish] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042717/http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/ce/interactivemapping/?e=375138.295&n=363440.271&s=20000&layers=PAR&bm=SM |date=4 March 2016 }} at Cheshire East Council Interactive Mapping. Retrieved 28 February 2013 (see 1577 map). The Environment Agency indicates that the Small Brook may be subject to occasional, but not extensive flooding."[http://maps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/wiybyController?topic=floodmap&x=374297.0&y=362748.0&scale=9&layerGroups=default&location=X:%20374,297;%20Y:%20362,748&textonly=off&ep=map&lang=_e Risk of Flooding from Rivers and Sea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305032240/http://maps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/wiybyController?topic=floodmap&x=374297.0&y=362748.0&scale=9&layerGroups=default&location=X:%20374,297;%20Y:%20362,748&textonly=off&ep=map&lang=_e |date=5 March 2016 }}" at Environment Protection Agency website. Retrieved 8 June 2012.

File:Hollinsgreen, Cheshire - geograph.org.uk - 376265.jpg

Bradwall parish also includes the hamlets of Bradwall Green in the east, and Hollinsgreen in the west,[http://www.streetmap.co.uk/map.srf?x=374276&y=363650&z=120&sv=374276,363650&st=4&ar=y&mapp=map.srf&searchp=ids.srf&dn=573&ax=374276&ay=363650&lm=0 Hollinsgreen] at Streetmap.co.uk. Retrieved 28 November 2011 which used to be called Hollins,Thomas Moule, The English Counties Delineated, Volume 2, Publisher Virtue, 1837, ([https://books.google.com/books?id=la0_AAAAcAAJ&dq=Bradwall+hollins+hamlet&pg=PA287 page 287]) and Bradwall-cum-Hollins,The Cambridge University Magazine, Volume 1, Issue 1, Publisher W.P. Grant, 1840. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=efUHAAAAQAAJ&dq=Bradwall+hollins&pg=PA377 page 377]) that was noted for a 16th-century water-powered corn mill.{{#tag:ref|In 1589 there is mention of "a watercorn milne in Bradwall, called Hollynwood milne" and "Hollin Wood in Bradwall, formerly called Bradwall Wood". In the list of Cheshire Freeholders in 1579, Richard Halton of Hollins occurs.Earwaker, 1890|group="Note"}} There also used to be a hamlet called Hope in the parish.{{harvp|EPNS|1970}}The Thirty-Ninth Annual Report of the Deputy Keeper, 1878 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=5PsUAAAAQAAJ&q=Bradwall+hope+hamlet+-derby ref]) (Not to be confused with Bradwell in the Derbyshire parish of Hope.)

Following the rest of United Kingdom and its parent county, Cheshire, Bradwall has an oceanic climate influenced by the Atlantic Ocean,Britain and the British Seas, Haskell House Publishers, 1902, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Tp_ztoZ_540C&dq=cheshire+%22oceanic+climate%22&pg=PA261 page 261] and also by its altitude due to its proximity to the Pennines.Coward, Thomas Alfred (1867–1933), Cheshire, Cambridge University Press, 1910, [https://archive.org/stream/cheshire00cowauoft#page/76/mode/2up page 76]

{{climate chart

| Bradwall

| 2.4| 8|112

| 2.5| 8.5|48.4

| 3.4|10.3|30.2

| 6.5|13.3|83.4

| 8.0|16.8|46.0

|11.2|19.1|68.0

|11.7|19.2|64.0

|14.0|21.3|185.4

|11.1|18.3|110.2

| 7.5|13.6|95.2

| 4.9|11.0|61.6

| 1.6| 7.6|82.4

|float = none

|clear = none

|units =

|source = Met Office Ringway weather station, {{convert|14|mi|abbr=on}} from Bradwall, 2003/4"[http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/stationdata/ Historic station data] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018084753/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/stationdata/ |date=18 October 2011 }}" for "[http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/stationdata/ringwaydata.txt Ringway] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930182649/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/stationdata/ringwaydata.txt |date=30 September 2012 }}" (station closed 2004) at metoffice.gov.uk. Retrieved 11 September 2012

}}

See also: Average temperature chart, Precipitation chart, and Wind speed chart

{{Geographic location

|title = Neighbouring parishes

|Northwest = Middlewich

|North = Sproston

|Northeast = Brereton

|West = Moston

|Centre = Bradwall

|East = Brereton

|Southwest = Moston

|South = Sandbach

|Southeast = Sandbach

}}

File:Springbank Farm from the rear - geograph.org.uk - 1102297.jpg

Bradwall sits mainly on fine-grained mudstone, over a bedrock of Wilkesley Halite member with Halite-stone."[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=WHT Wilkesley Halite member]", The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units, British Geological Survey website. Retrieved 10 May 2012 The halite is responsible for rock salt deposits in the surrounding area (see "Salt in Cheshire"),Alfred Ingham, Cheshire, its traditions and history, Published Pillans & Wilson, Edinburgh, 1920, [https://archive.org/stream/cheshireitstradi00ingh#page/6/mode/2up/search/salt page 6] and there is evidence of there having been "wich fields" along the western side of Wards Lane that may indicate small scale brine extraction."[http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCH9226&resourceID=1004 Wich Fields]", Cheshire Historic environment record, SMR Number 2883 on map reference SJ76SE The thickness of the bedrock is estimated at around 400 m, and was formed around 221 to 227 million years ago in the Late Triassic Carnian period, in a hot dry environment."[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/data/services/digmap50wms.html British geology onshore digital maps 1:50 000 scale]" in the Geology of Britain Viewer for Bradwall, British Geological Survey website. Retrieved 10 May 2012 It is surrounded by Devensian glacial till from the last glacial period from between approximately 110,000 and 10,000 years ago.[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=TILLD Till, Devensian], The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Unit", British Geological Survey website. Retrieved 10 May 2012 A small pocket of undifferentiated river terrace deposits of sand and gravel,[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=RTDU River Terrace Deposits], The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Unit", British Geological Survey website. Retrieved 10 May 2012 dating from the Quaternary about 2.5 million years old, is located southeast of the intersection of Pillar Box Lane with Bradwall Road. (See [http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html?location=Bradwall illustration] at The British Geological Survey). The topsoil{{#tag:ref|Bradwall topsoil is described as medium to course grained arenaceous-rudaceous, surrounded by fine-grained to course argillic-rudaceous."[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/nercsoilportal/maps.html NERC Soil Portal]", National Environment Research Council, British Geological Survey website. Retrieved 10 May 2012.|group=Note}} reveals many trace elements,{{#tag:ref|Bradwall soil trace elements include Ag Al B Ba Be Bi Ca Cd Ce Co Cr Cu Fe Ga K La Li Mg Mn Mo Nb Nd Ni P Pb Rb Sc Si Sr Sn Ti U V Y Zn Zr|group=Note}} and an acidity that has been decreasing since 1978.{{#tag:ref|Bradwall soil acidity has been recorded at a high of pH 5.79 in 1978, decreasing to pH 6.27 in 2007.|group=Note}} Several boreholes in the area reveal glacial sand and clays with a couple of layers of ground water."[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/data/boreholescans/ Borehole scans]", see Search onshore borehole records, British Geological Survey website. Retrieved 10 May 2012"[http://scans.bgs.ac.uk/sobi_scans/boreholes/726944/images/12269376.html SJ76SE109 — M6 Widen JCTS 16-20 637]", British Geological Survey website. Retrieved 10 May 2012

One of the six major regional seismic profiles lines, the {{convert|189|mi|abbr=on}} Lancaster to Birmingham profiles passes directly through Bradwall, as part of the Sandbach-Knutsford Sub-Basin of the Cheshire Basin. About five other minor seismic profiles also pass through Bradwall, all managed by the UK Onshore Geophysical Library, that are uses by resources exploration companies (such as oil, gas and coal)."[http://www.ukogl.org.uk/regional.htm UKOGL-RG-006: N-S profile from Lancaster to Birmingham] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509033752/http://www.ukogl.org.uk/regional.htm |date=9 May 2012 }}", at the UK Onshore Geophysical Library (UKOGL) website. Retrieved 10 May 2012. [http://maps.lynxinfo.co.uk/UKOGL_LIVE/map.html Interactive viewer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005001335/http://maps.lynxinfo.co.uk/UKOGL_LIVE/map.html |date=5 October 2012 }} Bradwall does not lie in an earthquake zone, although on 11 November 1997, a rare magnitude 1.5 earthquake was recorded about {{convert|5|mi|abbr=on}} due north in Byley."[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/hazards/earthquakes/UK.html Earthquakes in the UK]", British Geological Survey website. Retrieved 10 May 2012.

File:bradwall population by age.svg

According to the 2011 census, the population of Bradwall Civil Parish totals 182 people (93 men and 89 women)"[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11121041&c=bradwall&d=16&e=13&g=6407368&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1359902902706&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2493 Sex, 2011 (QS104EW)]", Neighbourhood Statistics, 2011 Census, Office for National Statistics, retrieved 3 February 2013 in 67 households."[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11121041&c=bradwall&d=16&e=7&g=6407368&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1359903131472&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2570 Accommodation Type - Households, 2011 (QS402EW)]", Neighbourhood Statistics, 2011 Census, Office for National Statistics, retrieved 3 February 2013 All households described their ethnicity as white,"[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11121041&c=bradwall&d=16&e=13&g=6407368&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1359903312206&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2575 Ethnic Group, 2011 (QS201EW)]", 2011 Census, Office for National Statistics, retrieved 3 February 2013 and of the population of 182, 141 (77%) people stated their religion as Christian, 28 (15%) as no religion, the remaining 13 (7%) not stating a preference."[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=11121041&c=bradwall&d=16&e=14&g=6407368&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1359903472519&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2579 Religion, 2011 (QS208EW)]", Neighbourhood Statistics, 2011 Census, Office for National Statistics, retrieved 3 February 2013 The life expectancy at birth in 2007–2009 is 79 years for men, and 82 for women."[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/NeighbourhoodSummary.do?a=7&b=2&c=CW11+1RG&g=427828&i=1001x1012&j=302762&m=1&p=1&q=1&r=0&s=1337124616766&enc=1&tab=1&inWales=false Neighbourhood Statistics: Health]", Office for National Statistics website. Retrieved 16 May 2012

The population of Bradwall peaked in the 1920s at over 1300. The sharp decline in population in the 1930s is due to the 1936 change in the parish boundaries, when the populated area of Elworth was moved from Bradwall Parish and into Sandbach Parish.Ministry of Health, Order No. 84735, "The County of Chester Review Order", 1936. Cited at [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit_page.jsp?u_id=10205311 Sandbach Tn/AP/CP] "Relationships and changes: Boundary changes" Since the 1950s, there has been a slight decline in population, and it is now well under 200:

File:bradwall population 1801-2011.svg

File:Winter crops by Cooksmere Lane - geograph.org.uk - 1102348.jpg

File:Bradwall-house-pasture-sheep.jpg

There are only around a dozen businesses operating in Bradwall today, half of which are farms split evenly between dairy and agricultural farming. Other businesses include property development, accountancy and gardening.192.com online business listing for "Bradwall" [http://www.192.com/businesses/] Some of the farms also operate secondary businesses, notably riding schools, stables and an annual eventing event.

Compared to the 1881 Census (see Economic History), the working population recorded in the 2001 Census seems to show that the economy of Bradwall, along with the population, in decline.

The 2001 census notes that of the total population of 166, that 127 (77%) are of working age between 16 and 74. Of these, 90 (54%) are employed, divided between 36 people in "Extractive and Manufacturing Industries" and 54 people in "Service Industries".2001 Census, "[http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=792529&c=Bradwall&d=16&e=15&g=427828&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1347113907352&enc=1&dsFamilyId=783 Parish Profile - Work and Qualifications, 2001]", Neighbourhood Statistics Website. The Census also reveals the following occupational breakdown:2001 Census, "[http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=792529&c=Bradwall&d=16&e=9&g=427828&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1347124226411&enc=1&dsFamilyId=783 Parish Profile - Work and Qualifications, 2001]", Neighbourhood Statistics Website.

File:Bradwall-village-hall.jpg

Bradwall Village Hall was opened on 26 October 1972 by Lady Diana Helen Barlow,According to architect's foundation stone in the front of the building commemorating the event (image) (wife of Sir John), on land of the former Bradwall Hall. The hall is used for social and public events,"[http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/leisure,_culture_and_tourism/venues_for_hire/other_halls.aspx Other Halls: List of Halls in Cheshire East]", at Cheshire East Council website. Retrieved 28 February 2013 such as Cheshire Rural Touring Arts,[http://www.cheshireruraltouringarts.co.uk/ Cheshire Rural Touring Arts website]. Retrieved 2 May 2012"[http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/leisure,_culture_and_tourism/arts,_heritage_and_museums/theatre/cheshire_rural_touring_arts.aspx Cheshire Rural Touring Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330151441/http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/leisure,_culture_and_tourism/arts,_heritage_and_museums/theatre/cheshire_rural_touring_arts.aspx |date=30 March 2012 }}" at Cheshire East Council website. Retrieved 2 May 2012 the South Cheshire Cheshire Beekeepers' Association,[https://archive.today/20120720121535/http://www.bbka.org.uk/local/south-cheshire/index.shtml South Cheshire Beekeepers] official website. Retrieved 12 May 2012 Sandbach Folk Dance Club,"[http://fionabruce.mp/press/archive/files/Sandbach%20Today.pdf Press Release: Sandbach Today] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103031128/http://fionabruce.mp/press/archive/files/Sandbach%20Today.pdf |date=3 January 2013 }}", from Fiona Bruce MP for Congleton Constituency, 23 September 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2012 and the Probus Club of Sandbach."[http://www.probus-sandbach.org.uk/ The Probus Club of Sandbach]" website. Retrieved 2 May 2012 The Village Hall is also used as the local Polling Station."Schedule of Polling Places With Initial Proposals and Representations", [http://moderngov.cheshireeast.gov.uk/ecminutes/Published/C00000575/M00004166/AI00014176/$PollingDistrictsandPollingPlacesAppendixAmendedScheduleofProposals.xlsA.ps.pdf page 10]

Although it has a Sandbach postcode, coarse fishing is available in the southeast of Bradwall Civil Parish at Field Farm Fisheries with five pools stocked with barbel, bream, carp, chub, crucian, rudd, roach and tench."[http://www.waterscape.com/things-to-do/fishing/fisheries/20173/fields-farm-fisheries Fields Farm Fisheries]" at the British Waterways' leisure website, waterscape.com. Retrieved 12 May 2012.[http://www.fieldsfarmfisheries.co.uk/ Fields Farm Fisheries] official website. Retrieved 12 May 2012 The equestrian governing body, British Eventing, holds horse trials in eventing at Manor Farm each year.[http://www.britisheventing.com/search.asp?section=156&search=bradwall Bradwall events] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194706/http://www.britisheventing.com/search.asp?section=156&search=bradwall |date=23 September 2015 }} at "British Eventing" website. Retrieved 2 May 2012British Eventing Life, Jan/Feb 2012, Digital Edition, [http://edition.pagesuite-professional.co.uk/launch.aspx?referral=other&pnum=102&refresh=2Ab0G13p08rZ&EID=7b98fa74-f6c2-4925-b13b-38611baa57cf&skip=&p=102 page 102]. Retrieved 8 May 2012

Bradwall Parish has no parks and nature reserves of its own. The nearest public park is Sandbach Park, about {{convert|1.75|mi|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} away,"[http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/leisure,_culture_and_tourism/parks_and_open_spaces/parks_and_gardens.aspx Parks and Gardens]", Cheshire East Council. Retrieved 19 October 2012 with bowling greens, play areas, skate park, tennis court and multi-use games area."[http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/leisure,_culture_and_tourism/parks_and_open_spaces/parks_and_gardens/congleton_area_parks/sandbach_park.aspx Sandbach Park]", Cheshire East Council. Retrieved 19 October 2012 Congleton Park is about {{convert|8|mi|abbr=on}} away and includes a town wood and riverside walks."[http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_parksandgardens&task=site&id=4570 Congleton Park, Congleton, England] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121223125452/http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_parksandgardens&task=site&id=4570 |date=23 December 2012 }}", Parks and Gardens Data Services. Retrieved 19 October 2012 The Quinta Arboretum, created by Sir Bernard Lovell, is {{convert|9|mi|abbr=on}} away in Swettenham, and features multiple species of trees, shrubs and avenues."[http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_parksandgardens&task=site&id=2747 Quinta, The, Swettenham, Swettenham, Cheshire, England] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121223030048/http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_parksandgardens&task=site&id=2747 |date=23 December 2012 }}", Parks and Gardens Data Services. Retrieved 19 October 2012

Grade II registered parks and gardens include Queen's Park in Crewe about {{convert|9|mi|abbr=on}} away, featuring a boating lake, stream garden, trees and floral borders."[http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_parksandgardens&task=site&id=2736 Queen's Park, Crewe, Stoke-on-Trent, England] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121223080046/http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_parksandgardens&task=site&id=2736 |date=23 December 2012 }}", Parks and Gardens Data Services. Retrieved 19 October 2012 Rode Hall in Odd Rode parish about {{convert|8|mi|abbr=on}} away, is a landscape park designed by Humphry Repton in 1790 and created by John Webb in the early-19th century, and featuring a formal and kitchen garden."[http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_parksandgardens&task=site&id=2830 Rode Hall, Crewe, England] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121223025130/http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_parksandgardens&task=site&id=2830 |date=23 December 2012 }}", Parks and Gardens Data Services. Retrieved 19 October 201

Other countryside sites close to Bradwall include the Wheelock Rail Trail for walkers and cyclists, about {{convert|2.5|mi|abbr=on}} away in Sandbach,"[http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/leisure,_culture_and_tourism/ranger_service/countryside_sites/congleton_area/wheelock_rail_trail.aspx Wheelock Rail Trail] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021145401/http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/leisure,_culture_and_tourism/ranger_service/countryside_sites/congleton_area/wheelock_rail_trail.aspx |date=21 October 2012 }}", Cheshire East Council. Retrieved 19 October 2012 and Brereton Heath Local Nature Reserve about {{convert|6|mi|abbr=on}} away, which includes a 15-acre lake and "a wealth of bird life, including great and lesser spotted woodpeckers, nuthatch, treecreepers, kingfisher, grey heron, great crested grebe and goldfinch"."[http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/leisure,_culture_and_tourism/ranger_service/countryside_sites/congleton_area/brereton_heath_nature_reserve.aspx Brereton Heath Local Nature Reserve] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829231932/http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/leisure,_culture_and_tourism/ranger_service/countryside_sites/congleton_area/brereton_heath_nature_reserve.aspx |date=29 August 2012 }}", Cheshire East Council. Retrieved 19 October 2012 About {{convert|4|mi|abbr=on}} away is the Bagmere reserve, a Site of Special Scientific Interest,"[http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/sssi/sssi_details.cfm?sssi_id=1001711 Bagmere]", Site of Special Scientific Interest, at naturalengland.org.uk. Retrieved 19 October 2012 due to its internationally important series of meres and mosses, and "the last remaining site in Cheshire for the small pearl-bordered fritillary butterfly""[http://www.cheshirewildlifetrust.org.uk/reserves/bagmere Bagmere] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515043811/http://www.cheshirewildlifetrust.org.uk/reserves/bagmere |date=15 May 2013 }}", Cheshire Wildlife Trust. Retrieved 19 October 2012 The nearest bird reserve is {{convert|26|mi|abbr=on}} way at Coombes Valley."[http://www.rspb.org.uk/reserves/guide/c/coombeschurnet/index.aspx Coombes Valley]", The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. Retrieved 19 October 2012

File:Bradwall-hall-c1847.jpg

Bradwall is home to three buildings that were Grade II listed from 5 December 1986, though none are open to the public:

The 17th-century cottage and coach-house of the former Bradwall Hall includes a two-story building with three windows, made with brown brickwork and tile roof. Inside are chamfered oak beams, chimney corner (inglenook) and oak supporting beams (bressumer). The coach house is also oak framed with brown brick and roof tiles.

Built around 1700, Plumbtree Farmhouse off Ward's Lane in Bradwall Green is a two-storey building with three windows, built with brown brick.{{NHLE|num=1330000 |access-date= 3 May 2012}}

The Reformatory School and Cottages (1855 datestone) on Walnut Lane, is a two-storey building with three windows, now converted in cottages, that surrounds a rectangular courtyard. The school originally cost £255 to build.

File:Bradwall-green-roads.jpg

File:M6 Motorway north of Junction 17 - geograph.org.uk - 375650.jpg

The main road through Bradwall is Bradwall Road, which runs from Middlewich in the northwest, to Sandbach in the South.[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?saddr=Bradwall+Rd&daddr=53.148268,-2.3657568+to:53.1508351,-2.3669666+to:Unknown+road&hl=en&ll=53.163189,-2.358541&spn=0.043843,0.126858&sll=53.146487,-2.363563&sspn=0.02193,0.063429&geocode=FUDsKgMdhunb_w%3BFWz6KgMdxObb_ynpnYbddFl6SDGQjBTYnvkMEw%3BFXMEKwMdCuLb_ymxWmxQdVl6SDHwPcjWnvkMEw%3BFX6AKwMdtijb_w&mra=dme&mrsp=0&sz=15&via=1,2&t=m&z=14 Bradwall Road] on Google Maps. Retrieved 3 May 2012 A {{convert|1.5|mi|abbr=on}} stretch of the M6 motorway passes through the east of the parish, which is a couple of miles from the M6 Exit 17.[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?saddr=Exit+17&daddr=Bradwall+Rd&hl=en&ll=53.146616,-2.337513&spn=0.04386,0.09244&sll=53.148855,-2.352448&sspn=0.022624,0.04622&geocode=FVAEKwMd-Drc_w%3BFfgzKwMd_tXb_w&mra=dme&mrsp=0&sz=15&t=m&z=14 M6 Exit 17 to Bradwall Road] on Google maps. Retrieved 3 May 2012 Before the motorway was built in the 1960s, and still available to local traffic, Bradwall is served by the A54 Middlewich to Holmes Chapel road to the north, the A50 Holmes Chapel to Arclid in the east, the A534 Arclid to Sandbach to the south, and the A533 Sandbach to Middlewich in the west.[http://ooc.openstreetmap.org/?zoom=13&lat=53.16299&lon=-2.30117&layers=000B0 Bradwall], out of copyright Ordnance Survey map, c. 1946 - 1960

There are several public footpaths forming rights of way in Bradwall. For example, a {{convert|1.25|mi|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} footpath runs from Congleton Road in Sandbach, northwards through the fields and across the Small Brook to Bradwall Manor, and another {{convert|1.25|mi|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} footpath runs from the end of Vicarage Lane in Elworth, northeastwards across the Small Brook, Wood Lane to Bradwall Lane near the junction of Pillar Box Lane.

Manchester International Airport is about {{convert|25|mi|abbr=on}} from Bradwall. The nearest airfield is about {{convert|4|mi|abbr=on}} away at Arclid Airfield,"[http://ukga.com/aerodrome/view?aerodromeId=3408 Arclid Airfield]" at ukga.com. Retrieved 16 May 2012. currently used by Cheshire Microlights."[http://www.cheshiremicrolights.co.uk/how_to_find_us.php How to find us]", Cheshire Microlights website. Retrieved 16 May 2012 A few miles north of Bradwall, RAF Cranage was built during the Second World War, and was operational between 1940 and 1958.Ferguson, Aldon, Cheshire Airfields in the Second World War, publ. 2008 Newbury, United Kingdom, Countryside Books. {{ISBN|978-1-85306-927-7}}.

There are no bus services into Bradwall. There nearest services are a couple of miles away in Sandbach, where the No.32 goes to Crewe, 37(E) to Middlewich, 38 to Macclesfield and Crewe, 49 to Holmes Chapel, 78 to Nantwich, 319 to Holmes Chapel, D1 to Crewe, H1 to Whitehill, X81 to Middlewich, X22 to Liverpool, and X38 to Congleton."[http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/transport_and_travel/public_transport/bus/bus_service_timetables.aspx Bus Service Timetables and Journey Planning] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504235139/http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/transport_and_travel/public_transport/bus/bus_service_timetables.aspx |date=4 May 2012 }}", at Cheshire East Council website. Retrieved 11 May 2012 File:Leaving Middlewich on the Trent and Mersey Canal - geograph.org.uk - 376539.jpg near Bradwall parish]] The Trent and Mersey Canal passes about {{convert|100|m|abbr=on}} from the western border of Bradwall. National Cycle Way Route 71 Parkgate to Teggs Nose, Macclesfield, passes about {{convert|100|m|abbr=on}} from the northeast boundary of Bradwall.[http://www.ctc-maps.org.uk/routes/route/1293/summary National Cycling Network Route 71 - Parkgate to Teggs Nose, Macclesfield], at Cyclists Touring Club website. Retrieved 3 May 2012

Built in 1841, the Crewe to Manchester railway Line passes through Bradwall from southwest to northeast. The parish has no stations of its own, the nearest being Sandbach station in Elworth, about {{convert|3|mi|abbr=on}} away by road, which runs between Crewe and Manchester. Closing to passengers in 1960, a single freight line between Sandbach via Middlewich railway station and Northwich also just enters Bradwall in the northwest, near the electricity substation in Moston. The closest railway junction is Crewe railway station, serving Chester, Derby, London, Manchester and beyond."[http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/passenger_services/maps/ Liverpool, Leeds, Manchester and Sheffield]", Network Rail Regional Maps, National Rail Enquiries website. Retrieved 11 May 2012

Bradwall civil parish was originally part of Sandbach Ancient Parish, and was created a separate parish from it in 1867.Parishes. Return to an address of the Honourable the House of Commons, dated 16 July 1867; -- for, "return of the parishes of England and Wales, ", page 36–38 ([http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:hcpp&rft_dat=xri:hcpp:rec:1867-044548 online] $$$).A note at the bottom of page 36 reads: The townships of Arclid, Betchton, Blackden, Bradwall, Church Hulme, or Holmes Chapel, Cotton, Cranage, Hassall, Leese, Sandbach, Twemlow and Wheelock, form part of the parish of Sanbach, the remainder of which is in the Northwich Union; total population, 9,046. It also was part of Nantwich Hundred, Congleton Poor Law Union, Rural Sanitary District, and (after 1866) it formed part of Congleton Rural DistrictF. A. Youngs, Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England. Volume I: Northern England (1991) London: Royal Historical Society. {{ISBN|0-86193-127-0}}, page 8. until 1974, when it became part of the Borough of Congleton.

In terms of parliamentary representation, the Bradwall area (including the time when it was not a separate civil parish) was in the Cheshire Southern Division from 1832 to 1867; in the Cheshire Mid Division, from 1867 to 1885; in the Eddisbury Division, from 1885 to 1918; in the Northwich Division, from 1918 to 1948; from 1948 it was in Knutsford County Constituency, but it is currently in Congleton Parliament Constituency,[http://www.election-maps.co.uk/ Election Maps website.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307072911/http://www.election-maps.co.uk/ |date=7 March 2008 }} Source for current Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries. Retrieval Date: 23 August 2007. represented by Mrs Fiona Bruce MP."[http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/35510.stm Fiona Bruce MP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912213421/http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/representatives/profiles/35510.stm |date=12 September 2013 }} at news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 9 September 2012 The local polling station is Bradwall Village Hall.

One of 112 Local Councils in Cheshire East,"[http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/council_and_democracy/local_democracy/town_and_parish_councils.aspx Town and Parish Councils] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100313045852/http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/council_and_democracy/local_democracy/town_and_parish_councils.aspx |date=13 March 2010 }}" at cheshireeast.gov.uk. Retrieved 9 September 2012 Bradwall Parish Council is currently chaired by Greg Gnyp."[http://moderngov.cheshireeast.gov.uk/ecminutes/mgParishCouncilDetails.aspx?ID=595 Bradwall Parish Council - Key Contacts]" at cheshireeast.gov.uk. Retrieved 9 September 2012

File:School House of Sandbach School (2).JPG

There are no schools in Bradwall parish, so it falls into the Offley and Sandbach School Admission Catchment areas, which determines the nearest appropriate school.[http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/cheshirecc.interactivemapping.web.internet/Default.aspx?e=382211&n=357920&mpp=25&layers=BOU.PLA.PLO.PAR.SSCA&hLayer=SSCA&hField=OBJECTID&hValue=9®ion=1 Sandbach High School and Sixth Form College catchment area map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052206/http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/cheshirecc.interactivemapping.web.internet/Default.aspx?e=382211&n=357920&mpp=25&layers=BOU.PLA.PLO.PAR.SSCA&hLayer=SSCA&hField=OBJECTID&hValue=9®ion=1 |date=4 March 2016 }}, covering Bradwall, via Cheshire East interactive mapping. Retrieved 9 May 2012 The primary school for the area is Offley Primary School[http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/cheshirecc.interactivemapping.web.internet/Default.aspx?e=376944&n=362598.5&mpp=10&layers=BOU.PLA.PLO.PAR.PSCA&hLayer=PSCA&hField=OBJECTID&hValue=31®ion=1 Offley Primary School catchment area map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042740/http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/cheshirecc.interactivemapping.web.internet/Default.aspx?e=376944&n=362598.5&mpp=10&layers=BOU.PLA.PLO.PAR.PSCA&hLayer=PSCA&hField=OBJECTID&hValue=31®ion=1 |date=4 March 2016 }}, covering Bradwall, via Cheshire East interactive mapping. Retrieved 9 May 2012 (about {{convert|2|mi|abbr=on}} away). A 2011 OFSTED report noted that this is a larger-than-average-sized school, whose overall effectiveness was graded as "good", an improvement by one grade over the previous inspection in 2008.Ofsted "[http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/133418 Offley Primary School Inspection report]", published 5 May 2011 and 22 May 2008 The secondary schools are Sandbach High School and Sixth Form College for girls, and Sandbach School for the boys. Both are independent schools that have converted to academy status. 2008 OFSTED reports gave each school a top Grade 1 "Outstanding" rating.Ofsted "[http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/136340 Sandbach High School and Sixth Form College]", published 16 February 2012. See also the [https://web.archive.org/web/20111108143231/http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/111406 pre-academy status school page]"[http://sandbachschool.org/about-us/whats-special-about-us/ What's Special About Us] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006041117/http://sandbachschool.org/about-us/whats-special-about-us/ |date=6 October 2012 }}" at Sandbach School. Retrieved 10 September 2012Ofsted "[http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/111476 Sandbach School] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026021518/http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/111476 |date=26 October 2012 }}", published 14 October 2008 The local Voluntary Aided (Catholic) school is St Mary's Catholic Primary School in Middlewich,"[http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/findmynearest/Main.aspx?region=1&postcode=CW11%201RG Find my Nearest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513130947/http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/findmynearest/Main.aspx?region=1 |date=13 May 2012 }}", local services, via Cheshire East interactive mapping. Retrieved 9 May 2012 which a 2011 Ofsted reports noted as "Satisfactory",Ofsted "[http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/111340 St Mary's Catholic Primary School]", published 4 October 2011 and the local Voluntary Aided (C of E) school is Brereton Church of England Primary School, which a 2011 Ofsted report stated as "Good".Ofsted "[http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/111332 Brereton CofE Primary School]" published 16 May 2011 The nearest college is South Cheshire College,"[http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/education_and_learning/lifelong_learning/further_and_higher_education.aspx Further and Higher Education] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524011652/http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/education_and_learning/lifelong_learning/further_and_higher_education.aspx |date=24 May 2012 }}", via Cheshire East interactive mapping. Retrieved 9 May 2012"[http://www.ucas.com/students/choosingcourses/choosinguni/map/ University and college map]", UCAS website. Retrieved 9 May 2012 and the nearest university is Manchester Metropolitan University's Institute of Education, both in Crewe."[http://www.ioe.mmu.ac.uk/contacts/ Faculty of Education, Contact Us]" at the Faculty of Education, Manchester Metropolitan University

File:bradwall-wesleyan-chapel.jpg

Built in 1882,[http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?hl=en&ll=53.169659,-2.368498&spn=0.00265,0.015879&hnear=Sandbach,+Cheshire+East,+United+Kingdom&t=m&z=16&layer=c&cbll=53.1685,-2.361714&panoid=SFDBjnMYo0y7FsT1OqQ08w&cbp=12,102.04,,1,-13.6 Wesleyan Chapel photo] of the datestone stone via Google Street Map. Retrieved 6 May 2012 Bradwall's only place of worship is the Wesleyan Chapel Methodist Church on Ward's Lane. The church is one of four in the Sandbach Mission Area (the others are in Sandbach, Sandbach Heath and Wheelock), and services are held fortnightly on Sunday. The minister is the Rev'd Kim Stilwell."[http://www.sandbachmethodist.org.uk/missionarea.html Sandbach Mission Area]", official web page Historic Minutes, financial and administrative records between 1882 and 1928 are held at the Cheshire Record Office.[https://archive.today/20120701132031/http://archive.cheshire.gov.uk/calmview/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=EMS+211&pos=173 Bradwall Methodist Chapel] Minutes, financial and administrative records, 1882–1928, at Cheshire Archives and Local Studies. Retrieved 6 May 2012 In 1982, the Chapel celebrated its centenary."Bradwall Methodist Church, Bradwall. Centenary Handbook 1882–1982" at the Cheshire Record Office, Local Studies Collection, reference: [https://archive.today/20120708024821/http://archive.cheshire.gov.uk/calmview/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=204550&pos=48 204550]

St Mary's Church in Sandbach has a chancel that belonged to Bradwall Hall,{{harvp|Ormerod|1819|loc=[https://archive.org/stream/historyofcountyp03orme#page/62/mode/2up/search/bradwall p. 62]}} and includes the arms of Oldfield.{{harvp|Ormerod|1819|loc=[https://archive.org/stream/historyofcountyp03orme#page/62/mode/2up/search/bradwall p. 63]}} Once called the Bradwall Chancel or Bradwall Chapel, it is not called the Chapter House, "Church records state that Philip Oldfield of Bradwall had a confirmation of his right to this chapel from the Bishop of Chester on 8 October 1589.John Minshull, A Short History and Description of St. Mary's Church Sandbach, Cheshire, 1974, Publ. St Mary's Parochial Church Council. page 24 ([http://www.sandbachchurch.co.uk/Church_History.pdf online] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225852/http://www.sandbachchurch.co.uk/Church_History.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }})

Edwin Foden, (1841–1911), was a vehicle manufacturer who founded Foden Trucks and Fodens Motor Works Band. He died at his home, Elworth House, then in Bradwall parish.Adrian Room, 'Foden, Edwin (1841–1911)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/38997, accessed 28 Nov 2011] Other members of the family business included his sons, William Foden (1868–1964) and Edwin Richard Foden (1870–1950), who were born at Bradwall Green,Richard A. Storey, 'Foden, William (1868–1964)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/46998, accessed 28 Nov 2011] and Foden senior's business partner, George Hancock (c. 1823), who was a neighbour on Foundry Street, Bradwall in 1871."[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/George_Hancock George Hancock]" at Grace's Guide website. Retrieved 23 May 2012

Public utilities to Bradwall Parish County are served by Scottish Power Manweb regional electricity company,"[http://www.energynetworks.org/info/faqs/electricity-distribution-map.html Electricity Distribution Map]", Energy Networks Association website. Retrieved 9 May 2012 the North West gas network"[http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Gas/Connections/GasServices/NetworkNorthWest.htm National Grid Gas owned: North West gas network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230140702/http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Gas/Connections/GasServices/NetworkNorthWest.htm |date=30 December 2011 }}" at the nationalgrid.com website. Retrieved 9 May 2012 (a gas pipeline passes through Bradwall along the route of the M6 motorway,"[http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/LandandDevelopment/DDC/GasElectricNW/gaspipes/ Gas Network Map SJ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606071917/http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/LandandDevelopment/DDC/GasElectricNW/gaspipes |date=6 June 2012 }}", National Grid Gas Network website. Retrieved 14 June 2012) and water is provided by Severn Trent Water."[http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/consumerissues/watercompanies/map/ Who is your water company?]", Ofwat website. Retrieved 9 May 2012

There is no cable TV available in the area,[http://www.virginmedia.com/ VirginMedia] website. Retrieved 9 May 2012 but like the rest of country, Sky TV is available by satellite. FreeView digital TV is transmitted from the Winter Hill transmitter {{convert|33.5|mi|abbr=on}} away, and is part of the Granada television region."[http://www.digitaluk.co.uk/postcodechecker/main/trade/cw11+1jr/NA/0/NA Postcode checker]", Digital UK. Retrieved 10 September 2012

The local telephone exchange is Sandbach (code WMSBH), with several companies providing a variety of Internet broadband services,LLU operators include AOL, O2/Be, Sky/Easynet, TalkTalk (CPW), Tiscali, Tiscali TV. q.v. SamKnows (below) including Broadband ADSL since 2000, and Broadband ADSL Max since 2006 (estimated speed 3.5Mb)."[http://bt.com/broadband Check your speed]", BT Broadband website"[http://www.samknows.com/broadband/exchange/WMSBH Sandbach Exchange]" at SamKnows.com, website. Retrieved 9 May 2012 Mobile phone services with 2G and 3G are available from the major networks.3G is provided by Orange, T-Mobile, Vodafone, 3. 2G is provided by O2 "[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14582499 3G mobile data network crowd-sourcing survey by BBC News]", BBC News, 24 August 2011 A 15m UTMS mobile phone mast operated by 3 is on Brindley Lane, and a {{convert|23.5|m|abbr=on}} GSM mast operated by Network Rail on Wood Lane."[http://www.sitefinder.ofcom.org.uk/ Mobile Phone Base Station Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207163802/http://www.sitefinder.ofcom.org.uk/ |date=7 December 2009 }}" at ofcom.org.uk. Retrieved 15 May 2012

Bradwall is policed by Middlewich and Holmes Chapel Neighbourhood Policing Team, part of Cheshire Constabulary police force."[http://www.police.uk/meet-the-team/?q=Bradwall,%20Sandbach,%20Cheshire%20East%20CW11,%20UK Middlewich and Holmes Chapel Neighbourhood Policing Team]" at police.uk. Retrieved 16 May 2012 Crime rates are low, with just two crimes reported throughout 2011."[http://www.police.uk/crime/?q=Bradwall,%20Cheshire%20East,%20UK#crimetypes/2011-01 Crime reported in January 2011 within 1 mile of Bradwall, Cheshire East, UK]" at Police.uk. Retrieved 11 September 2012

{{portal|Cheshire}}

• Listed buildings in Bradwall
• Nearby towns and villages: Arclid, Brereton, Congleton, Crewe, Elworth, Kinderton, Middlewich, Sandbach and Wheelock

• John Parsons Earwaker, The History of the Ancient Parish of Sandbach, "[https://archive.org/stream/historyofancient00earw#page/126/mode/2up Bradwall Township]" (1890) Co. Chester including the two chapelries of Holmes Chapel and Goostrey from original records.
• F. A. Youngs, Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England. Volume I: Northern England (1991) London: Royal Historical Society. {{ISBN|0-86193-127-0}}.
• "Reformatory Work at Bradwall", Cheshire Observer, Saturday, 11 February 1893; p. 5; Issue 2114.

{{Reflist|group=Note|32em}}

{{reflist|21em}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book |last=Ormerod |first=George |title=The history of the county palatine and city of Chester |volume=3 |year=1819 |location=London |publisher=Printed for Lackington, Hughes. Harding, Mayor, and Jones |url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofcountyp03orme }}

{{refend}}

• [http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadAreaSearch.do?a=7&r=1&i=1001&m=0&s=1335998875058&enc=1&areaSearchText=bradwall&areaSearchType=16&extendedList=true&searchAreas= Bradwall CP (Parish)], Office for National Statistics, Neighbourhood Statistics
• [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/place_page.jsp?p_id=3399&st=BRADWALL Bradwall Population, Housing and Industry], 1801–2001, at A Vision of Britain Through Time website
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120506095124/http://maps.cheshire.gov.uk/tithemaps/ Bradwall Tithe and historic OS Maps] at Cheshire Archives and Local Studies

{{Commons category|Bradwall}}

{{Cheshire, Cheshire East}}

{{Cheshire}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Villages in Cheshire

Category:Civil parishes in Cheshire