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Breakthrough of the Year#Molecule of the Year

{{Short description|Annual award for scientific research}}

The Breakthrough of the Year is an annual award for the most significant development in scientific research made by the AAAS journal Science, an academic journal covering all branches of science.{{Cite web|title=Journal metrics|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=top_venues|access-date=9 Jul 2020|website=Google Scholar}}

Originating in 1989 as the Molecule of the Year,{{cite web |date=January 10, 1990 |title='Science' Names Molecule of the Year |url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/Science-Names-Molecule-of/69755 |publisher=The Chronicle of Higher Education}} and inspired by Time{{'s}} Person of the Year, it was renamed the Breakthrough of the Year in 1996.

Molecule of the Year

  • 1989 PCR and DNA polymerase{{cite journal |author=R. L. Guyer|author2=D. E. Koshland, Jr.|name-list-style=amp |title=The Molecule of the Year |journal=Science |date=1989 |volume=246 |issue=4937 |pages=1543–1546 |doi=10.1126/science.2688087 |pmid=2688087}}
  • 1990 the manufacture of synthetic diamonds{{cite journal |author=D. E. Koshland, Jr. |title=The Molecule of the Year |journal=Science |date=1990 |volume=250 |issue=4988 |page=1637 |doi=10.1126/science.250.4988.1637|pmid=17734689 |bibcode = 1990Sci...250.1637K |doi-access= }}
  • 1991 buckminsterfullerene{{cite journal |author=D. E. Koshland, Jr. |title=Molecule of the Year |journal=Science |date=1991 |volume=254 |issue=5039 |page=1705 |doi=10.1126/science.254.5039.1705|pmid=17829221 |bibcode = 1991Sci...254.1705K |doi-access= }}
  • 1992 nitric oxide{{cite journal |author=D. E. Koshland, Jr. |title=The Molecule of the Year |journal=Science |date=1992 |volume=258 |issue=5090 |page=1861 |doi=10.1126/science.1470903 |pmid=1470903|bibcode = 1992Sci...258.1861K |doi-access= }}
  • 1993 p53{{cite journal |author=D. E. Koshland, Jr. |title=Molecule of the Year |journal=Science |date=1993 |volume=262 |issue=5142 |page=1953 |doi=10.1126/science.8266084 |pmid=8266084|bibcode = 1993Sci...262.1953K |doi-access= }}
  • 1994 DNA repair enzyme{{cite journal |author=D. E. Koshland, Jr. |title=Molecule of the Year: the DNA repair enzyme |journal=Science |date=1994 |volume=266 |issue=5193 |page=1925 |doi=10.1126/science.7801114 |pmid=7801114|bibcode = 1994Sci...266.1925K |doi-access= }}

Breakthrough of the Year

  • 1996: Understanding HIV{{cite journal |author=Michael Balter |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. New Hope in HIV Disease |journal=Science |year=1996 |volume=274 |issue=5295 |pages=1988–1991 |doi=10.1126/science.274.5295.1988|pmid=8984652 |bibcode = 1996Sci...274.1988. |doi-access= }}
  • 1997: Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from adult cells{{cite journal |author=Elizabeth Pennisi |author-link=Elizabeth Pennisi |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Cloning: The Lamb That Roared |journal=Science |year=1997 |volume=278 |issue=5346 |pages=2038–2039 |doi=10.1126/science.278.5346.2038|pmid=9432711 |bibcode = 1997Sci...278.2038P |s2cid=83255402 }}
  • 1998: Accelerating universe{{cite journal |author=James Glanz |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. ASTRONOMY: Cosmic Motion Revealed |journal=Science |volume=282 |issue=5397 |year=1998 |pages=2156–2157 |doi=10.1126/science.282.5397.2156a |bibcode=1998Sci...282.2156G|s2cid=117807831 }}
  • 1999: Prospective stem-cell therapies{{cite journal |author=Gretchen Vogel |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Capturing the Promise of Youth |journal=Science |year=1999 |volume=286 |issue=5448 |pages=2238–2239 |doi=10.1126/science.286.5448.2238 |pmid=10636772|s2cid=154178515 }}
  • 2000: Full genome sequencing{{cite journal |author=Elizabeth Pennisi |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Genomics Comes of Age |journal=Science |year=2000 |volume=290 |issue=5500 |pages=2220–2221 |doi=10.1126/science.290.5500.2220 |pmid=11188701|s2cid=82676530 }}
  • 2001: Nanocircuits or Molecular circuit{{cite journal |author=Robert F. Service |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Molecules Get Wired |journal=Science |year=2001 |volume=294 |issue=5551 |pages=2442–2443 |doi=10.1126/science.294.5551.2442 |pmid=11752536|s2cid=26182334 }}
  • 2002: RNA interference{{cite journal |author=Jennifer Couzin |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Small RNAs Make Big Splash |journal=Science |year=2002 |volume=298 |issue=5602 |pages=2296–2297 |doi=10.1126/science.298.5602.2296 |pmid=12493875|s2cid=193861470 }}
  • 2003: Dark energy{{cite journal |author=Charles Seife |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Illuminating the Dark Universe |journal=Science |year=2003 |volume=302 |issue=5653 |pages=2038–2039 |doi=10.1126/science.302.5653.2038 |pmid=14684787|s2cid=120116611 |doi-access=free }}
  • 2004: Spirit rover landed on Mars{{cite journal |author=Richard A. Kerr |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. On Mars, a Second Chance for Life |journal=Science |year=2004 |volume=306 |issue=5704 |pages=2010–2012 |doi=10.1126/science.306.5704.2010 |pmid=15604365|s2cid=140193176 |doi-access=free }}
  • 2005: Evolution in action{{cite journal |author=Elizabeth Culotta, Elizabeth Pennisi |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Evolution in Action |journal=Science |year=2005 |volume=310 |issue=5756 |pages=1878–1879 |doi=10.1126/science.310.5756.1878 |pmid=16373538|doi-access=free }}
  • 2006: Proof of the Poincaré conjecture{{cite journal |author=Dana Mackenzie |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The Poincaré Conjecture—Proved |journal=Science |year=2006 |volume=314 |issue=5807 |pages=1848–1849 |doi=10.1126/science.314.5807.1848 |pmid=17185565|doi-access=free }}
  • 2007: Human genetic variation{{cite journal |author=Elizabeth Pennisi |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Human Genetic Variation |journal=Science |year=2007 |volume=318 |issue=5858 |pages=1842–1843 |doi=10.1126/science.318.5858.1842 |pmid=18096770|doi-access= }}
  • 2008: Cellular reprogramming{{cite journal |author=Gretchen Vogel |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Reprogramming Cells |journal=Science |year=2008 |volume=322 |issue=5909 |pages=1766–1767 |doi=10.1126/science.322.5909.1766 |pmid=19095902|doi-access= }}
  • 2009: Ardipithecus ramidus{{cite journal |author=Ann Gibbons |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Ardipithecus ramidus |journal=Science |year=2009 |volume=326 |issue=5960 |pages=1598–1599 |doi=10.1126/science.326.5960.1598-a|bibcode = 2009Sci...326.1598G |pmid=20019252}}
  • 2010: The first quantum machine{{cite journal |author=Adrian Cho |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The First Quantum Machine |journal=Science |year=2010 |volume=330 |issue=6011 |page=1604 |doi=10.1126/science.330.6011.1604 |bibcode=2010Sci...330.1604C |pmid=21163978}}
  • 2011: HIV treatment as prevention (HPTN 052){{cite journal |author=Jon Cohen |title=BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. HIV Treatment as Prevention|journal=Science |year=2011 |volume=334 |issue=6063 |page=1628 |doi=10.1126/science.334.6063.1628|bibcode = 2011Sci...334.1628C |pmid=22194547|doi-access= }}
  • 2012: Discovery of the Higgs boson{{cite web|url=https://www.science.org/toc/science/338/6114|title=Breakthrough of the Year, 2012|publisher=Science}}
  • 2013: Cancer immunotherapy{{cite journal|url=https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.342.6165.1432|title=Cancer Immunotherapy|author=Jenifer Couzin-Franken|journal=Science|date=20 December 2013|volume=342 |issue=6165 |pages=1432–1433 |doi=10.1126/science.342.6165.1432 |pmid=24357284 |access-date=22 December 2013}}
  • 2014: Rosetta comet mission{{cite journal|title=Comet rendezvous|author=Eric Hand|journal=Science|date=19 December 2014|volume=346 |issue=6216 |pages=1442–1443 |doi=10.1126/science.346.6216.1442 |pmid=25525223 |doi-access=free}}
  • 2015: CRISPR genome-editing method{{cite journal|last=Travis |first=John |url=https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.350.6267.1456 |title=Making the cut | Science |journal=Science |publisher=Sciencemag.org |date=2015-12-18 |volume=350 |issue=6267 |pages=1456–1457 |doi=10.1126/science.350.6267.1456 |pmid=26680172 |access-date=2017-11-09}}
  • 2016: First observation of gravitational waves{{cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.354.6319.1516|pmid=28008020|title=The cosmos aquiver|journal=Science|volume=354|issue=6319|pages=1516–1517|year=2016|last1=Cho|first1=Adrian|bibcode=2016Sci...354.1516C}}{{cite web|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/ripples-spacetime-sciences-2016-breakthrough-year|title=Ripples in spacetime: Science's 2016 Breakthrough of the Year|work=Adiran Cho|publisher=AAAS|date=22 December 2016|access-date=23 December 2016}}{{cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.354.6319.1518|pmid=28008021|title=The runners-up|journal=Science|volume=354|issue=6319|pages=1518–1523|year=2016}}
  • 2017: Neutron star merger (GW170817){{cite web|title=Breakthrough of the year 2017|url=https://vis.sciencemag.org/breakthrough2017/|website=Science {{!}} AAAS|language=en|date=22 December 2017}}{{cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.358.6370.1520|pmid=29269456|title=Cosmic convergence|journal=Science|volume=358|issue=6370|pages=1520–1521|year=2017|last1=Cho|first1=Adrian|bibcode=2017Sci...358.1520C}}{{cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.358.6370.1522|pmid=29269457|title=The runners up|journal=Science|volume=358|issue=6370|pages=1522–1527|year=2017|last1=Stokstad|first1=Erik|last2=Pennisi|first2=Elizabeth|last3=Kaiser|first3=Jocelyn|last4=Cohen|first4=Jon|last5=Couzin-Frankel|first5=Jennifer|last6=Voosen|first6=Paul|last7=Gibbons|first7=Ann|last8=Cho|first8=Adrian|bibcode=2017Sci...358.1522S}}
  • 2018: Single-cell sequencing{{cite web|title=Breakthrough of the year 2018|url=https://vis.sciencemag.org/breakthrough2018/|website=Science {{!}} AAAS|language=en|date=20 December 2018}}
  • 2019: A black hole made visible{{cite news |last1=Phelan |first1=Meagan |last2=Beckwith |first2=Walter |title=Science's 2019 Breakthrough: First Image of Supermassive Black Hole |url=https://www.aaas.org/news/sciences-2019-breakthrough-first-image-supermassive-black-hole |date=19 December 2019 |work=American Association for the Advancement of Science |access-date=20 December 2019 }}{{cite news |author=American Association for the Advancement of Science |author-link=American Association for the Advancement of Science |title=Science's 2019 breakthrough of the year: The first image of a black hole |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-12/aaft-2b121619.php |date=19 December 2019 |work=EurekAlert! |access-date=20 December 2019 }}
  • 2020: COVID-19 vaccine, developed and tested at record speed{{Cite journal |last=Cohen |first=Jon |date=17 December 2020 |title=Shots of hope |url=https://vis.sciencemag.org/breakthrough2020/ |journal=Science |volume=370 |issue=6523 |pages=1392–1394 |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science |doi=10.1126/science.370.6523.1392 |pmid=33335045 |bibcode=2020Sci...370.1392C |language=en}}
  • 2021: An AI brings protein structures to all{{Cite web |date=16 December 2021 |title=Protein structures for all |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/breakthrough-2021 |website=Science |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science |language=en}}
  • 2022: James Webb Space Telescope debut{{Cite web |date=24 December 2022 |title=2022 BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/breakthrough-2022 |website=Science |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science |language=en}}
  • 2023: GLP-1 Drugs{{cite web |last1=Couzin-Frankel |first1=Jennifer |title=2023 BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/breakthrough-of-the-year-2023 |website=Science |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science |access-date=19 December 2023}}
  • 2024: Lenacapavir{{Cite web |title=Science’s 2024 Breakthrough of the Year: Opening the door to a new era of HIV prevention |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/breakthrough-2024 |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=www.science.org |language=en}}

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Molecule of the Year}}

{{Breakthrough of the Year}}

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Category:Science and technology awards

Category:American Association for the Advancement of Science

Category:Awards established in 1989

Category:Awards established in 1996

Category:Scientific research awards