Briercliffe#Extwistle Hall

The name Briercliffe probably comes from the Old English words {{lang|ang|brer}} "briar" and {{lang|ang|clif}}, a steep slope or declivity. Extwistle may have been named from the junction (O.E. {{lang|ang|twisla}}) of Swinden Water and the River Don, while the first element could be a corruption of oxen.{{Cite book|last=Ekwall |first=Eilert |title=The place-names of Lancashire |url=https://archive.org/details/placenamesoflanc00ekwauoft |publisher=Manchester University Press |year=1922 |pages=9, 85 |access-date=23 January 2016}}

The parish contains a number of sites of early human occupation, including:

• Burwains Camp prehistoric defended settlement - A circular univallate (single-walled) defended enclosure {{circa}}{{convert|45|m}} across, surrounded by a ditch and bank, with entrances in the east and west. Today the {{convert|0.3|m|adj=on}} wide ditch is only approximately {{convert|0.2|m}} deep and the bank no more than {{convert|0.3|m}} high and about {{convert|2|m}} across. The site is located on Broad Bank Hill, overlooking the valley of Thursden Brook. Thought to be a prehistoric settlement, limited archaeological excavation in 1950 recovered some Neolithic finds but was insufficient to more accurately date the site.{{NHLE |num=1013814 |desc=Burwains Camp prehistoric defended settlement west of Broad Bank Hill |accessdate=27 November 2020}}
• Small stone circle on Delf Hill - About {{convert|80|m}} east of the summit of Delf Hill there is a small stone circle, thought to date from the late Neolithic to the mid Bronze Age. Seven stones, some of which are still standing, have been arranged in a {{convert|7|m|adj=on}} circle. In the centre is a {{convert|0.2|m|adj=on}} high, {{convert|2.4|m|adj=on}} diameter cairn surrounded by a shallow ditch. Limited archaeological excavation on the cairn was undertaken in 1842, during which three interment urns were discovered.{{NHLE |num=1008916 |desc=Small stone circle on Delf Hill |fewer-links=y |accessdate=27 February 2020}}
• Pike Low bowl barrow and site of beacon, Bonfire Hill - Located on the summit of Bonfire Hill is a bowl barrow thought to date from the Bronze Age. It is a {{convert|15|m|adj=on}} by {{convert|13|m|adj=on}} oval mound of earth and stones up to {{convert|0.6|m}} high. The site was used as part of a system of warning beacons during the medieval period and the top of the mound has been flattened to create a platform for the bonfire. This is a rare example of such a combination.{{NHLE |num=1008917 |desc=Pike Low bowl barrow and site of beacon, Bonfire Hill |fewer-links=y |accessdate=27 November 2020}}
• Beadle Hill Romano-British farmstead - Located at the western end of Beadle Hill, with extensive views over the surrounding area. Inner and outer ditches are separated by an earth and stone rampart, around a farmstead enclosure about {{convert|75|m}} square, with an entrance on the eastern side.{{NHLE |num=1009487 |desc=Beadle Hill Romano-British farmstead |fewer-links=y |accessdate=27 November 2020}}
• Twist Castle Romano-British farmstead - Located at the western end of Twist Hill, with extensive views over the surrounding area. An earth and stone rampart surviving up to {{convert|1|m}} high, around a rectangular farmstead enclosure about {{convert|44|by|40|m}}, with an entrance on the eastern side. There would also have been an outer ditch but little trace now remains. Attached to the south eastern side of the enclosure, next to the entrance, is a {{circa}}{{convert|18|m|adj=on}} square annexe also with an earth and stone wall.{{NHLE |num=1009497 |desc=Twist Castle Romano-British farmstead |fewer-links=y |accessdate=27 November 2020}}

After the Norman conquest of England, Briercliffe was part of the manor of Ightenhill, itself a part of the Honour of Clitheroe. Extwistle had been granted as a manor by the 12th century, when the mesne lord Richard de Malbis gave half of its land to the canons of Newbo Abbey. The remaining half seems to have come into the possession of the Abbot of Kirkstall Abbey during the 1300s.{{citation |editor-last1=Farrer |editor-first1=William |editor-last2=Brownbill |editor-first2=John |title=The Victoria History of the County of Lancaster Vol 6 |series=Victoria County History |publisher= - Constable & Co |year=1911 |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/lancs/vol6/pp468-473 |pages=468–473 |oclc=832215477}}

Extwistle Hall stands high on Extwistle Moor between Haggate (east of Brierfield) and the village of Worsthorne. The Hall, built of coursed sandstone on three sides of a courtyard, is now a ruin.{{PastScape|mnumber=45313| mname= EXTWISTLE HALL|accessdate= 18 January 2013}} It was built in the 16th century in the Tudor style by the Parker family who were prominent in local affairs.

Robert Parker had bought the land, which had previously belonged to Kirkstall Abbey, in 1537 after the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The Parker family occupied it for some two hundred years before moving to Cuerden Hall around 1718.{{cite web | url = http://www.briercliffesociety.co.uk/talkback/viewtopic.php?t=29| title = history of Extwistle Hall |accessdate = 18 January 2013}} John Parker was High Sheriff of Lancashire for 1653 and Robert Parker for 1710. The house was remodelled in the late 18th century.

The listed Grade II*[http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-184007-extwistle-hall-and-attached-garden-wall- British Listed Buildings, accessed 29 March 2012] building, owned by an Isle of Man based property company, has been unoccupied for more than twenty years and is listed in English Heritage's Heritage at Risk Register.{{Citation|title=Extwistle Hall and attached garden wall|work=Heritage at Risk Register|publisher=English Heritage|url=http://risk.english-heritage.org.uk/register.aspx?id=229|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714212208/http://risk.english-heritage.org.uk/register.aspx?id=229|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 July 2012|accessdate=29 April 2012}} In January 2012, £2million plans were revealed to save and restore the hall to its former glory, then afterwards to be sold off.{{cite news|title=£2.4million housing development plans for Briercliffe|author=Tyrone Marshall|url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/burnley/9465031.__2_4million_housing_development_plans_for_Briercliffe/|newspaper=Lancashire Telegraph|date=11 January 2012|accessdate=29 April 2012}}

Briercliffe-with-Extwistle was once a township in the ancient parish of Whalley, becoming a civil parish in 1866.{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10343707/relationships |title=Briercliffe-with-Extwistle Tn/CP through time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |work=visionofbritain.org.uk |accessdate=25 July 2015}} In 1894, the parish was dissolved, part in the southwest moving into the county borough of Burnley,{{efn|name=Burnley|The old township boundary with Burnley followed the River Brun and its tributary the Walshaw Clough stream.{{Cite map |publisher=Ordnance Survey |title=Lancashire and Furness |series=County Series |scale=1 : 10,560 |edition=1st |year=1848}}}} with the rest becoming a new parish called Briercliffe, forming part of the Burnley Rural District.{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10343690/relationships |title=Briercliffe CP through time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |work=visionofbritain.org.uk |accessdate=25 July 2015}} Since 1974 Briercliffe has formed part of the Borough of Burnley. 2004 saw the parish gain some territory from the unparished area of Burnley at the western end of Harle Syke.{{cite web |url=http://www.lgbce.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/12218/burnley-parishes-order-2004.pdf |title=Burnley (Parishes) Order 2004 |publisher=Office of the Deputy Prime Minister |date=27 January 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116081207/https://www.lgbce.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/12218/burnley-parishes-order-2004.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2018 |accessdate=27 February 2021}}

The Briercliffe ward on the borough council covers the same area as the parish along with a small part of Burnley.{{cite web |title=Wards and parishes map |website=MARIO |url=http://mario.lancashire.gov.uk/agsmario/default.aspx?categ=boundaries&layeron=Ward%20Boundary&layeron=Parish%20Boundaries&box=384000:432500:394000:436500 |publisher=Lancashire County Council |accessdate=28 March 2021}} The ward elects three councillors, currently Margaret Lishman, Anne Kelly and Gordon Lishman, all from the Liberal Democrats.{{cite web|title=Your Councillors |url=https://burnley.moderngov.co.uk/mgMemberIndex.aspx?bcr=1 |website=burnley.moderngov.co.uk |publisher=Burnley Borough Council |access-date=28 March 2021}} The parish is represented on Lancashire County Council as part of the Burnley Rural division, represented since 2017 by Cosima Towneley (Conservative).{{cite web |title=County Councillors by Local Community |url=https://www3.lancashire.gov.uk/council/councillors/councillorsAreas.asp |publisher=Lancashire County Council |access-date=28 March 2021 |archive-date=13 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613085638/https://www3.lancashire.gov.uk/council/councillors/councillorsAreas.asp |url-status=dead }}

The Member of Parliament for Burnley, the constituency into which the parish falls, is Oliver Ryan of the Labour Party, who was first elected in 2024.

According to the United Kingdom Census 2011, the parish has a population of 4,031, an increase from 3,187 in the 2001 census. This represents growth of {{percentage|(4,031-3,187)|3,187|1}} over ten years. During the same period the area of the parish has increased from {{convert|1,677|ha|sqmi km2}} to {{convert|1,692|ha|sqmi km2}} ({{percentage|(1,692-1,677)|1,677|1}}), giving a population density of {{convert|{{pop density|4031|1692|ha|disp=num|prec=2}}|PD/ha|PD/sqmi PD/sqkm}}.{{NOMIS2001|id=30UD001|title=Briercliffe Parish|accessdate=8 February 2018}}

Harle Syke and Haggate form part of a wider urban area, which had a population of 149,796 in 2001.{{Citation|title=Table KS01 Usual resident population |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-areas-in-england-and-wales/urban-areas-in-england-and-wales-ks01-usual-resident-population.xls |publisher=Office for National Statistics|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040723231324/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D8271.xls |archive-date=23 July 2004 | access-date=9 August 2014}} A similar but larger, Burnley Built-up area defined in the 2011 census had a population of 149,422.{{NOMIS2011|id=E34004743|title=Burnley Built-up area|fewer-links=y|access-date=6 March 2021}}

In 2011 the average (mean) age of residents was 40 years, with a roughly even distribution between males and females. The racial composition was 98.1% White (96.8% White British), 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Black, 0.6% Mixed and 0.1% Other. The largest religious groups were Christian (73%) and Muslim (0.7%). 76.3% of adults between the ages of 16 and 74 were classed as economically active and in work.

• Tattersall Wilkinson was a local antiquarian most usually known as 'The Sage Of Roggerham'.{{cite news|title=Insight into history from 19th-century village 'sage'|url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/archive/2004/12/30/Lancashire+Archive/5803039.Insight_into_history_from_19th_century_village__sage_/|newspaper=Lancashire Telegraph|accessdate=29 April 2012}} Tattersall was well known in Burnley during the late 1800s. He was the first person to uncover the flint daggers and stone circles of nearby Worsthorne, and other antiquities such as burial urns. He also wrote many articles for the Burnley Express and a book of his own (with J.F Tattersall) named 'Memories Of Hurstwood'.

Image:Thursden Valley - spectacular moorland route to Hebden Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1016311.jpg|Halifax Road passing through the Thursden Valley

Image:Extwistle Hall - geograph.org.uk - 1535213.jpg|Extwistle Hall

Image:Pillbox off the side of Halifax Road - geograph.org.uk - 1292345.jpg|World War II Pillbox

Image:Lane Bottom - geograph.org.uk - 699664.jpg|Lane Bottom

Image:Roggerham Gate Inn - geograph.org.uk - 772081.jpg|Roggerham Gate Inn

Image:St James' Church, Briercliffe.jpg|St James' Church Harle Syke

• Listed buildings in Briercliffe
• Scheduled monuments in Lancashire

Notes

{{Notelist}}

Citations

{{reflist}}

{{Commons category-inline|Briercliffe}}

• [http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/LAN/Briercliffe/ParishMap.shtml Map of Briercliffe (272) and Extwistle (273) parish boundaries]
• [http://www.briercliffesociety.co.uk The Briercliffe Society]

{{Borough of Burnley}}

Category:Civil parishes in Lancashire

Category:Geography of Burnley