Broadcom Corporation
{{Short description|Defunct American fabless semiconductor company}}
{{About|the company known as Broadcom from 1991 to 2016, prior to its acquisition by Avago Technologies|all activity from 2016 forward|Broadcom}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Lead too short|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Broadcom Corporation
| logo = Broadcom logo (1991-2016).svg
| logo_upright = 1.1
| type = Subsidiary
| traded_as = {{NASDAQ was|BRCM}} (1998–2016)
| image = Broadcomheadquarters.jpg
| image_upright = 1.1
| image_caption = Headquarters at UC Irvine's University Research Park
| fate = Became a wholly owned subsidiary of Broadcom Limited after being acquired by Avago Technologies
| successor = Itself (as a wholly owned subsidiary of Broadcom Inc.)
| foundation = {{start date and age|1991|08}}
| founders = {{unbulleted list|Henry Nicholas|Henry Samueli}}
| location = Irvine, California, United States
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list|Scott A. McGregor (CEO; 2005–2016)|Henry Samueli (CTO; 1991–2008, 2009–2016)}}
| industry = {{unbulleted list|Semiconductors|Electronics}}
| products = {{unbulleted list|Integrated circuits |Cable converter boxes |Gigabit Ethernet |Wireless networks |Cable modems |Network switches |Digital subscriber line |Server farms |Microprocessors |VoIP}}
| parent = Broadcom Inc. (2016–present)
| homepage = {{url|https://www.broadcom.com/|broadcom.com}}
}}
Broadcom Corporation was an American fabless semiconductor company that made products for the wireless and broadband communication industry. It was acquired by Avago Technologies for $37{{nbsp}}billion in 2016 and {{as of |2016|alt = currently}} operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of the merged entity Broadcom Inc.
Founded in 1991 by a professor-student pair Henry Samueli and Henry Nicholas from the University of California, Los Angeles, the company moved from its Westwood, Los Angeles, office to Irvine, California, in 1995. Broadcom became a public company three years later with a listing on the Nasdaq. The company was known for its aggressive acquisition strategy, which led to significant growth and market share.
History
=Founding and growth=
Image:Cambridge Science Park Broadcom.jpg
Broadcom Corporation was founded by professor-student pair Henry Samueli and Henry Nicholas from UCLA in 1991. In 1995 the company moved from its Westwood, Los Angeles, office to Irvine, California.
{{cite news
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/24/business/grass-roots-business-a-place-to-please-the-techies.html
|title=Grass Roots Business; A Place To Please The Techies - New York Times
|work= The New York Times
|access-date=2008-04-25
|last= Kotkin
|first= Joel
|date= January 24, 1999
}}
In 1998, Broadcom became a public company on the NASDAQ exchange (ticker symbol: BRCM) and employs about 11,750 people worldwide in more than 15 countries.{{When|date=June 2020}}
Broadcom Corporation acquired ServerWorks Corporation, a maker of chipsets for IA-32-based servers, in 2001 for $957 million. This acquisition was one in a string of purchases of companies by Broadcom in the beginning of the 2000s. Unlike the others, which were struggling start-ups, ServerWorks was revenue-generating and profitable.{{cite web | last=Robertson | first=Jack | date=January 12, 2001 | url=https://www.eetimes.com/serverworks-acquisition-key-for-broadcom/ | title=ServerWorks acquisition key for Broadcom | work=Electronic Engineering Times | publisher=AspenCore }}{{cite journal | last=Alexander | first=Karen | date=January 9, 2001 | url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/421599462/ | title=Broadcom to Buy ServerWorks in a $1-Billion Stock Issuance Plan | journal=Los Angeles Times | page=C1 | via=ProQuest}}{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=January 9, 2001 | url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/431640653/ | title=Broadcom to Acquire Serverworks | journal=The New York Times | page=4 | via=ProQuest}}
In 2012, Broadcom's total revenue was $8.01 billion. As of 2011, Broadcom was among Gartner's Top 10 Semiconductor Vendors by revenue.
{{cite news|last=Deffree|first=Suzanne|date=April 19, 2011|title=Broadcom moves on to top 10 list as 2010 semi revenue records more than 30% growth|publisher=EDN.com|url=http://www.edn.com/article/517893-Broadcom_moves_on_to_top_10_list_as_2010_semi_revenue_records_more_than_30_growth.php|url-status=dead|access-date=2011-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223130229/http://www.edn.com/article/517893-Broadcom_moves_on_to_top_10_list_as_2010_semi_revenue_records_more_than_30_growth.php|archive-date=December 23, 2011|df=mdy}}
Broadcom first landed on the Fortune 500 in 2009,{{Cite web|date=2009|title=Broadcom Corporation|url=https://fortune.com/fortune500/2009/broadcom-corporation/|access-date=June 21, 2020|website=Fortune 500|language=en}} and climbed to spot #327 in 2013.{{Cite web|date=2013|title=Broadcom Corporation|url=https://fortune.com/fortune500/2013/broadcom-corporation/|access-date=June 21, 2020|website=Fortune 500|language=en}}
=Battle with Qualcomm=
In June 2007, the U.S. International Trade Commission blocked the import of new cell phone models based on particular Qualcomm microchips. They had found that these Qualcomm microchips infringed on patents owned by Broadcom.{{Cite web|title=Qualcomm vs Broadcom - Litigation or Innovation?|url=https://www.mobilegazette.com/qualcomm-broadcom-07x06x12.htm|access-date=2017-11-27|website=Mobile Gazette}} In January 2017, the FTC sued Qualcomm, who allegedly made use of unlawful tactics to maintain "a monopoly on cellular-communications chips."{{cite news|last=Cimilluca|first=Dana|date=January 17, 2018|title=FTC Investigates Broadcom Over Negotiations With Customers|work=The Wall Street Journal|location=New York City, New York|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/ftc-investigates-broadcom-over-negotiations-with-customers-1516212396|access-date=January 18, 2018}}
On April 26, 2009, Broadcom settled its four-year legal battle with Qualcomm over wireless and other patents.
{{cite news
|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/law/2009/04/27/all-quiet-on-the-western-front-broadcom-qualcomm-reach-891m-deal/
|title=All Quiet on the Western Front: Broadcom, Qualcomm Reach $891M Deal
|publisher=The Wall Street Journal
|work=Law Blog
|access-date=2011-08-06
|last= Jones
|first= Ashby
|date= April 27, 2009
}} The deal also ended the complaints of anti-competitive behavior. As part of the settlement, Qualcomm paid $891 million in cash to Broadcom over a four-year period ending June 2013.{{cite web|title=Qualcomm and Broadcom Reach Settlement and Patent Agreement|url=http://www.broadcom.com/press/release.php?id=s379764|website=Broadcom.com|access-date=12 July 2013}}
=Stock options backdating scandal=
{{Expert needed|companies|ex2=computing|section|talk=|reason=the existence of redundant business/regulatory content in the section's closing paragraphs (see "In other words..."), which needs rationalizing into a coherent single presentation |date=December 2023}}
In March 2006, a report by the Center for Financial Research and Analysis identified Broadcom as one of 17 companies "at risk" for having back-dated stock options grants between 1997 and 2002.{{Cite web|last=Sullivan|first=Mark|date=June 12, 2006|title=SEC Informaling Broadcom|url=https://www.lightreading.com/ethernet-ip/sec-informaling-broadcom/d/d-id/628606|access-date=June 24, 2020|website=Light Reading|language=en}} On May 18, 2006, amid media reports about options practices, Broadcom said it had started an internal review of its stock options grants.{{Cite news|date=September 4, 2007|title=Perfect Payday: Options Scorecard|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/info-optionsscore06-full.html}} On June 12, 2006, Broadcom announced it had received a "request for information" from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and that it might soon be the subject of an informal inquiry.
On July 14, 2006, Broadcom estimated it would have to subtract $750 million from earnings due to stock options irregularities. On September 8, 2006, the company announced the amount was at least $1.5 billion, "and could be substantially more."{{cite magazine |url=http://www.businessweek.com/investor/content/sep2006/pi20060908_687749.htm?campaign_id=rss_null |title=Broadcom's Options Bombshell |magazine=BusinessWeek |date=September 9, 2006 |access-date=2006-09-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070323131112/http://www.businessweek.com/investor/content/sep2006/pi20060908_687749.htm?campaign_id=rss_null |archive-date=March 23, 2007 |df=mdy }} On December 18, 2006, the SEC opened a formal investigation of Broadcom's options practices.{{Cite news|last=News|first=Bloomberg|date=2006-12-19|title=S.E.C. Is Investigating Options Practices at Broadcom|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/19/technology/19options.html|access-date=2020-06-24|issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite news|last=LaPedus|first=Mark|date=December 18, 2006|title=SEC launches formal probe of Broadcom|work=EE Times|url=https://www.eetimes.com/sec-launches-formal-probe-of-broadcom-2/|access-date=June 24, 2020}} On January 24, 2007, Broadcom announced a restatement of its financial results from 1998 to 2005 to include a total of $2.24 billion-worth of expenses related to stock option-based compensation.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/24/technology/24broadcom.html|title=A $2.2 Billion Charge at Broadcom|date=January 24, 2007|access-date=2012-02-15|work=The New York Times}} The grants remained the subject of the formal inquiry by the SEC, and an informal inquiry by federal prosecutors.
In between March and May 2008, the SEC announced charges against Broadcom for fraudulently backdating stock options for nearly five years, from June 1998 to May 2003.{{Cite web|date=April 22, 2008|title=Press Release: SEC Charges Broadcom for Fraudulent Stock Option Backdating (2008-63)|url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press/2008/2008-63.htm|access-date=June 24, 2020|website=www.sec.gov|location=Washington, D.C.}} In its complaint, the SEC alleged that Broadcom's top officers at the time had misrepresented the dates on which stock options were granted to executives and employees. In describing the scheme, the SEC said: "Through backdating, Broadcom made it appear that the options were granted at times corresponding to low points of the closing price of Broadcom's stock — despite the fact that the purported grant date bore no relation to when the grant was actually approved. This resulted in artificially and fraudulently low exercise prices for those options."
On May 15, 2008, Broadcom co-founder and CTO Henry Samueli resigned as chairman of the board, and took a leave of absence as Chief Technology Officer.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} On June 5, 2008, Broadcom co-founder and former CEO Henry Nicholas and former CFO William Ruehle were indicted on charges of illegal stock-option backdating. Nicholas was also indicted for violations of federal narcotics laws.{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/06/05/henry_nicholas_indicted/|title=Drugs, hookers and cranked customers: Ex-Broadcom boss indicted|website=The Register|date=June 5, 2008|access-date=2008-06-06}} However, in December 2009, federal judge Cormac J. Carney threw out the options backdating charges against Nicholas and Ruehle because of prosecutorial misconduct, after finding that federal prosecutors improperly tried to prevent three defense witnesses from testifying.Flaccus, Gillian. [https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Broadcom-backdating-case-dismissed-3278253.php Broadcom backdating case dismissed]. Associated Press via San Francisco Chronicle, 2009-12-16.{{Cite web|date=February 4, 2010|title=SEC Will Not Proceed Further Against Broadcom Officers For Backdating Stock Options Based on Rulings and Comments From the Court|url=https://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2010/lr21409.htm|access-date=June 24, 2020|website=www.sec.gov}}
In 2008, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) charged executives of Broadcom with fraudulently backdating stock options. Through the scheme, company executives allegedly avoided reporting $2.22 billion in compensation expenses. The company also allegedly overstated its income by between 15% and 422%, and understated its loss by between 16% and 38%, according to the SEC.{{Cite web|last=MarketWatch|first=Benjamin Pimentel|title=Broadcom settles options backdating fraud case|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/broadcom-settles-stock-options-fraud-case|access-date=2022-02-12|website=MarketWatch|language=EN-US}} A judge dismissed the charges against company executives Henry Nicholas and Henry Samueli, citing witness intimidation on the part of prosecutors. The judge also dismissed charges against chief financial officer William Ruehle.{{Cite news|date=2010-05-29|title=Chipmaker Broadcom stock options backdating case ends|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-broadcom-idUSTRE64S0A620100529|access-date=2022-02-12}} In the end, the company had to pay $160M to settle with the SEC.{{Cite web|last1=Drive|first1=Kevin M. LaCroix 2000 Auburn|last2=Suite 200Beachwood|last3=OH 44122Phone:378-7817|date=2009-12-29|title=Broadcom Settles Options Backdating Securities Class Action Suit|url=https://www.dandodiary.com/2009/12/articles/options-backdating/broadcom-settles-options-backdating-securities-class-action-suit/|access-date=2022-02-12|website=The D&O Diary|language=en-US}}
= Acquired =
On May 28, 2015, chip maker Avago Technologies Ltd. agreed to buy Broadcom Corp. for $37 billion in cash and stock. At closing, which completed on February 1, 2016,{{cite web|url= http://investors.avagotech.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=203541&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=2133869|title= Investor Center|website=Investors.avagotech.com|access-date=16 October 2017}} Broadcom shareholders held 32% of the new Singapore-based company to be called Broadcom Limited. Hock Tan, Avago President and CEO, was named CEO of the new combined company. Dr. Samueli became Chief Technology Officer and member of the combined company's board, and Dr. Nicholas serves in a strategic advisory role within the new company.{{cite news|url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/avago-to-buy-broadcom-for-37-billion-1432811311|title= Avago Agrees to Buy Broadcom for $37 Billion|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date= May 28, 2015|access-date=16 October 2017}}{{cite press release|url= http://globenewswire.com/news-release/2015/05/28/739835/10136316/en/Avago-Technologies-to-Acquire-Broadcom-for-37-Billion.html|title= Avago Technologies to Acquire Broadcom for $37 Billion|website=Globenewswire.com|date= May 28, 2015|access-date=16 October 2017}}
The new merged entity was initially named Broadcom Limited but inherits the ticker symbol AVGO. The BRCM ticker symbol was retired.
Products
Image:Four badges on an HP laptop.jpg
Broadcom's product line spans computer and telecommunication networking products. Examples of such are products for enterprise/metropolitan high-speed networks, as well as products for small office/home office (SOHO) networks. Additionally, the company produces transceiver and processor ICs for Ethernet and wireless LANs, cable modems, digital subscriber lines, servers, home networking devices (router, switches, port-concentrators) and cellular phones (GSM/GPRS/EDGE/W-CDMA/LTE). It is also known for its series of high-speed encryption co-processors, which serve to offload processor-intensive tasks to a dedicated chip.
The company also has a history of producing ICs for carrier access equipment, audio/video processors for digital set-top boxes and digital video recorders, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi transceivers, and RF receivers/tuners for satellite TV. On September 19, 2011, Broadcom shut down its digital TV operations, along with its Blu-ray chip business.{{Cite news |last=Yoshida |first=Junko |date=September 22, 2011 |title=Broadcom closes DTV, Blu-ray chip businesses |work=EDN |url=https://www.edn.com/article/519426-Broadcom_closes_DTV_Blu_ray_chip_businesses.php |url-status=dead |access-date=October 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006130301/http://www.edn.com/article/519426-Broadcom_closes_DTV_Blu_ray_chip_businesses.php |archive-date=October 6, 2011}}
On June 2, 2014, Broadcom announced its intentions to exit the cellular baseband business.{{cite web|url=http://investor.broadcom.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=851659|title=Investor Center|website=Investors.avagotech.com|access-date=16 October 2017}}{{Cite news |last=Maan |first=Lehar |date=June 2, 2014 |title=Broadcom looks to exit cellular baseband chip business |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-broadcom-divestiture/broadcom-looks-to-exit-cellular-baseband-chip-business-idUKKBN0ED11720140602 |access-date=March 19, 2023}}
= Trident+ ASIC =
Some vendors offer switching equipment based on Broadcom hardware and firmware (e.g. Dell PowerConnect classics) while other well-known vendors use Broadcom hardware with their own firmware. The Broadcom Trident+ ASIC has been used in many high-speed 10Gb+ switches from vendors such as Cisco Nexus switches running NX-OS,{{Cite news |last=Duffy |first=Jim |date=March 4, 2011 |title=Cisco rolls out Nexus 3000 switch for low latency stock trading traffic |work=Computerworld UK |url=http://www.computerworlduk.com/news/networking/3263636/cisco-rolls-out-nexus-3000-switch-for-low-latency-stock-trading-traffic/ |url-status=dead |access-date=January 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116151133/http://www.computerworlduk.com/news/networking/3263636/cisco-rolls-out-nexus-3000-switch-for-low-latency-stock-trading-traffic/ |archive-date=January 16, 2013}} Dell Force10 (now Dell Networking) running FTOS/DNOS,{{Cite news |last=Morgan |first=Timothy |date=April 26, 2011 |title=Force10 cranks Ethernet switches to 40 Gigabits |work=The Register |url=https://www.theregister.com/2011/04/26/force10_networks_switch_upgrade/ |access-date=January 28, 2012}}{{Cite web |last=Edelman |first=Jason |date=December 10, 2011 |title=40GbE Data Center Switching |url=http://www.jedelman.com/1/post/2011/12/40gbe-data-center-switching.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309120913/http://www.jedelman.com/1/post/2011/12/40gbe-data-center-switching.html |archive-date=March 9, 2012 |access-date=May 17, 2012 |website=}} all Arista 7050-series switches,{{Cite news |last=Morgan |first=Timothy |date=March 28, 2011 |title=Arista punts 10/40 GbE juice-sipper |work=The Register |url=https://www.theregister.com/2011/03/28/arista_7050s_7124sx_switches/ |access-date=May 18, 2012}} the IBM/BNT 8264, and the Juniper QFX3500.
{{As of|2014|April}}, the latest member of the Trident family is the Trident II XGS, which can support up to 32 x 40G ports or 104 x 10G ports, as well as a mix of both, on a single chip.{{Cite news |last=Morgan |first=Timothy |date=August 27, 2012 |title=Broadcom launches Trident II switch chip |work=The Register |url=https://www.theregister.com/2012/08/27/broadcom_trident_ii_switch_asic/ |access-date=April 29, 2014}}{{Cite press release |title=STRATAXGS® TRIDENT II |date=August 24, 2012 |url=http://www.broadcom.com/docs/features/StrataXGS_Trident_II_presentation.pdf |access-date=April 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113184711/http://www.broadcom.com/docs/features/StrataXGS_Trident_II_presentation.pdf |archive-date=November 13, 2013 |last1=Das |first1=Sujal |last2=Mui |first2=John}} Examples of switches using the Trident II XGS chip are the Dell Networking S6000,{{Cite news |last=Matsumoto |first=Craig |date=August 26, 2013 |title=VMware Brings NSX's Network Virtualization into the Physical World |work=SDNCentral |url=http://www.sdncentral.com/news/vmware-bridges-nsxs-network-virtualization-physical-world/2013/08/ |url-status=dead |access-date=April 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428061908/http://www.sdncentral.com/news/vmware-bridges-nsxs-network-virtualization-physical-world/2013/08/ |archive-date=April 28, 2014}} Cisco Nexus 9000,{{Cite journal |title=Why the Nexus 9000 Switching Series Offers the Highest Availability and Reliability Measured in MTBF |url=https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/products/collateral/switches/nexus-9000-series-switches/cisco-n9k-lippisreport.pdf |journal=Lippis Report |access-date=April 28, 2014}} and some smaller vendors like the EdgeCore AS6700, Penguin Arctica 3200XL, and QuantaMesh T5032.Cumulus Networking [http://cumulusnetworks.com/static/cumulus/pdf/Cumulus_HCL_40G_Quick_Reference_Guide.pdf 40Gbps Quick Reference Guide] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401134555/http://cumulusnetworks.com/static/cumulus/pdf/Cumulus_HCL_40G_Quick_Reference_Guide.pdf |date=April 1, 2014 }}, visited: 28 April 2014
= Graphics processing unit =
VideoCore is the GPU found on some systems-on-a-chips by Broadcom, the most widely known one being the BCM2835, containing a VideoCore IV found in the Raspberry Pi.
= Video acceleration =
The Broadcom Crystal HD is capable of video acceleration.
=WiFi chipsets=
The Broadcom "BCM43" series of chips implements WiFi support for many Android and iPhone devices. Models include the BCM4339 used in phones such as the Nexus 5 (2013) and the BCM4361 used in the Samsung Galaxy S8 (2017). These are system-on-a-chip devices with a Cortex R4 for processing the MAC and MLME layers and a proprietary Broadcom processor for the 802.11 physical layer.{{cite web|title=Broadpwn: Remotely Compromising Android and iOS via a Bug in Broadcom's Wi-Fi Chipsets|author=Nitay Artenstein|date=2017-07-26|publisher=Exodus Intelligence|url=https://blog.exodusintel.com/author/exodusvrt/}} The chips are also capable of handling Wi-Fi Direct, Bluetooth, and NFC signals.{{cite web |author=Ngo |first=Dong |date=January 5, 2012 |title=Broadcom 802.11ac Wi-Fi chips hit CES 2012 |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/broadcom-802-11ac-wi-fi-chips-hit-ces-2012/ |website=CNET}}
- Broadcom supplies the WiFi+Bluetooth combo chip for the iPhone 3GS and later generations, as well as their corresponding iPod Touch generations.
- In 2005, Broadcom Corporation announced it would be providing Nintendo its “online solution on a chip”, as deployed in laptops and PDAs, enabling 802.11b connectivity with the DS and 802.11g connectivity for the Wii. More specifically, Broadcom would provide Bluetooth connectivity for Wii's controller.{{Cite news |last=Kaluszka |first=Aaron |date=May 17, 2006 |title=Broadcom Provides Bluetooth and Wi-Fi for Wii |work=Nintendo World Report |url=http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/news/11587/broadcom-provides-bluetooth-and-wi-fi-for-wii |access-date=March 19, 2023}}
- In 2013, Broadcom unveiled the first 802.11ac 5G Wifi SoCs, which is adopted across many mobile phones, including the Samsung Galaxy S4 and S5, the HTC One series, and the LG Nexus 5. Additionally, routers from Motorola, Netgear, Huawei, and Belkin also include Broadcom's 802.11ac chips.
=BroadVoice=
{{Other uses|BroadVoice}}
Broadcom authored its own VoIP codecs in 2002, and released them as open source with the LGPL license in 2009. Such codecs are:{{Cite news |date=November 10, 2009 |title=Broadcom offers LGPL Voice Codecs |work=The H Open |url=http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Broadcom-offers-LGPL-Voice-Codecs-855379.html}}
- The BroadVoice 16 with a declared bitrate of 16 kbit/s and an audio sampling frequency of 8 kHz
- The BroadVoice 32 with a declared bitrate of 32 kbit/s and an sampling rate of 16 kHz (note, however, that X-Lite SIP phone's menu declares the bitrate as 80,000 bit/s)
= Linux products=
Image:Broadcom STA wireless driver.jpg
Some free and open source drivers are available and included in the Linux kernel source tree for the 802.11b/g/a/n family of wireless chips that Broadcom produces.[http://linuxwireless.sipsolutions.net/en/users/Drivers/b43 b43 Sipsolutions.net], Linux Wireless Since the release of the 2.6.26 kernel, some Broadcom chips have kernel support, but require external firmware to be built.
In 2003, the Free Software Foundation accused Broadcom of not complying with the GNU General Public License, as Broadcom distributed GPL code in a driver for its 802.11g router chipset without making its source code public. The chipset was later adopted by Linksys, which was later purchased by Cisco. Cisco eventually published the source code for its WRT54G wireless broadband router under the GPL license.{{Cite news |last=Rendon |first=Jim |date=October 20, 2003 |title=Linksys routers caught up in open source dispute |work=TechTarget |url=http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/news/article/0%2C289142%2Csid7_gci932666%2C00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080715125045/http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid7_gci932666,00.html |archive-date=July 15, 2008}}{{cite news |last=Lyons |first=Daniel |date=October 14, 2003 |title=Linux's Hit Men |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/2003/10/14/cz_dl_1014linksys.html |access-date=January 28, 2012}}
In 2012, the Linux Foundation listed Broadcom as one of the top 10 companies contributing to the development of the Linux Kernel for 2011, placing it in the top 5 percent of an estimated 226 contributing companies. The foundation's Linux Kernel Development report also noted that, during the course of the year, Broadcom submitted 2,916 changes to the kernel.{{cite web|url=http://go.linuxfoundation.org/who-writes-linux-2012|title=Linux Kernel Development report|website=Go.linuxfoundation.org|access-date=October 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912023947/https://storage.pardot.com/6342/48856/lf_kernel_development_2012.pdf|archive-date=September 12, 2019|url-status=dead}} That October, Broadcom released parts of the Raspberry Pi userland under a BSD-style license. According to the Raspberry Pi Foundation, this made it "the first ARM-based multimedia SoC with fully functional, vendor-provided (as opposed to partial, reverse-engineered) fully open-source drivers", although due to substantial binary firmware code, which must be executing in parallel with the operating system, and which executes independently and prior to loading of the operating system, this claim has not been universally accepted.{{Cite news |last=Brodkin |first=Jon |date=October 24, 2012 |title=Raspberry Pi maker says code for ARM chip is now open source |work=Ars Technica |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/10/all-code-on-raspberry-pis-arm-chip-now-open-source/ |access-date=November 3, 2012}}{{cite web |orig-date=May 15, 2013 (first publication date listed, article updated regularly) |title=Single-board computers |url=https://www.fsf.org/resources/hw/single-board-computers |access-date=October 16, 2017 |website=Free Software Foundation}}
Broadcom provided a Linux driver for their Broadcom Crystal HD, in addition to hiring Emma Anholt – a former Intel employee – to work on a free and open-source graphics device driver for their VideoCore IV.{{When|date=March 2023}}{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}
=Raspberry Pi=
File:Raspberry-Pi-2-Bare-BR.jpg for the line of popular Raspberry Pi single-board computers.]]
{{main|Raspberry Pi}}
The charitable Raspberry Pi Foundation requested help from Broadcom for design and manufacture of the Raspberry Pi card, a DRM-free motherboard capable of interaction with external hardware.{{citation needed|date = December 2023}} Broadcom Corporation organized the fabrication of the processor chip for the Raspberry Pi, with the last{{clarify|date = December 2023}} before the company's acquisition in 2016 being the BCM2837 chip and the WiFi processor BCM43438, which was used by the Foundation.{{citation needed|date = December 2023}}
Business
=Notable employees=
- Henry Samueli, co-founder and CTO[http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2013/may/10/tp-broadcom-to-give-rival-a-run-for-its-money/ Broadcom To Give Rival A Run For Its Money] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211192103/http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2013/may/10/tp-broadcom-to-give-rival-a-run-for-its-money/ |date=December 11, 2013 }}. UTSanDiego.com (2013-05-09). Retrieved on 2013-12-08.
- Henry T. Nicholas III, co-founder and CEO until 2003
- Scott A. McGregor, President and CEO from 2005 to the company's acquisition in 2016
- Gottfried Ungerboeck, inventor of trellis coded modulation
- Sophie Wilson, designer of the ARM CPU instruction set
- Eben Upton, creator of the Raspberry Pi single-board computer
- Broadcom Fellows, Broadcom Fellow is the highest honor bestowed upon Broadcom engineers.
=Notable alumni=
Many Broadcom employees have gone on to take key positions in successful tech enterprises and starts ups, including:
- Bagher Afshar, who became principal RFIC engineer at SpaceX{{Cite news|last=Axe|first=David|date=2016-04-01|title='SpaceX Stole Our Best Minds': Chip-Maker Sues Elon Musk Startup|language=en|work=The Daily Beast|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/04/01/spacex-stole-our-best-minds-chip-maker-sues-elon-musk-startup|access-date=2020-08-09}}
- Michael Hurlstone, who became CEO at Synaptics{{Cite news|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2019/08/05/c-suite-shuffle-synaptics-taps-former-finisar.html|access-date=2020-08-09|title=C-suite shuffle: Synaptics taps former Finisar, Broadcom exec as its new CEO, while former chief exec heads to AMD|author=Marlize van Romburgh|date=August 5, 2019|website=Silicon Valley Business Journal}}
- Nariman Yousefi, who became Senior VP at Inphi Corporation{{Cite web|title=Inphi to buy coherent DSP developer ClariPhy Communications for $275 million|author=Stephen Hardy|url=https://www.lightwaveonline.com/business/mergers-acquisitions/article/16654359/inphi-to-buy-coherent-dsp-developer-clariphy-communications-for-275-million|date=November 3, 2016|access-date=2020-08-09|website=LightWave}}
- Michael de Nil and Andrew Terry who founded Morse Micro{{Cite web|last=Waters|first=Cara|date=2019-05-27|title=Chipping in: Morse Micro raises $24m as it taps next Wi-Fi revolution|url=https://www.smh.com.au/business/small-business/chipping-in-morse-micro-raises-24m-as-it-taps-next-wi-fi-revolution-20190527-p51rls.html|access-date=2020-08-09|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}
=Manufacturing=
Image:Intel and RMZ Ecospace Buildings behind it 6-23-2010 8-51-02 AM.jpg
Broadcom is known as a fabless company. It outsources all semiconductor manufacturing to foundries, such as GlobalFoundries, Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, Silterra, TSMC and United Microelectronics Corporation.
The company planned a custom-built headquarters campus just south of the Orange County Great Park in Irvine, California. It originally intended to occupy the entire campus, but after the Avago acquisition, it sold the site to FivePoint Holdings and then leased back only two of the four buildings.
Broadcom was previously headquartered in the University Research Park on the University of California, Irvine campus from 2007 on, and before that was headquartered near the Irvine Spectrum. The company has many other research and development sites including Silicon Fen, Cambridge (UK), Bangalore and Hyderabad in India, Richmond (near Vancouver) and Markham (near Toronto) in Canada and Sophia Antipolis in France.
=Acquisitions=
Broadcom was known for its aggressive acquisition strategy that helped it achieve significant growth and market share, and with quickly entering new markets.{{Cite web |last=Merritt |first=Rick |date=May 28, 2015 |title=Avago, Broadcom Combo Praised |url=https://www.eetimes.com/avago-broadcom-combo-praised/ |website=EE Times}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/broadcom-cuts-revenue-targets-as-demand-dips/ |title=Broadcom cuts revenue targets as demand dips |date=January 14, 2002 |website=CNET}}{{cite web |url=http://www.broadcom.com/company/strategicacquisitions.php |title=A list of acquisitions |website=Broadcom.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426044417/http://www.broadcom.com/company/strategicacquisitions.php |archive-date=April 26, 2015 |df=mdy-all }}
In September 2011, Broadcom bought NetLogic Microsystems for a deal of $3.7 billion in cash, excluding around $450 million of NetLogic employee shareholdings, which will transfer to Broadcom.{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/353278f2-dd40-11e0-b4f2-00144feabdc0.html?ftcamp=rss#axzz1XkzEPOpJ |title=Broadcom buys NetLogic for $3.7bn |access-date=September 12, 2011}}
class="wikitable sortable" |
scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Acquired company ! scope="col" | Amount ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Expertise |
---|
data-sort-value="1-Jan-1999" | January 1999
| data-sort-value="104" | $104M in Stock | Multi-layer switches for corporate networks |
data-sort-value="1-Apr-1999" | April 1999
| data-sort-value="316" | $316M in stock | Home networking using telephone wiring, WiFi |
data-sort-value="1-Jun-1999" | June 1999
| data-sort-value="67.2" | $67.2M in stock | Digital Video Decoders{{cite news| url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-02-fi-43234-story.html|title=Broadcom Acquires Armedia, Maker of Digital Video Decoders|author= P.J. Huffstutter|newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date = June 2, 2009}} |
data-sort-value="1-Aug-1999" | August 1999
| data-sort-value="280" | $280M in stock |
data-sort-value="1-Aug-1999" | August 1999
| data-sort-value="170" | $170M in stock | Software modem software |
data-sort-value="1-Jan-2000" | January 2000
| BlueSteel Networks{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/19/business/company-news-broadcom-will-expand-chip-business-through-merger.html |title= Company News; Broadcom Will Expand Chip Business Through Merger |date=January 19, 2000 |work=The New York Times}} | data-sort-value="123" | $123M in stock | Security processors |
data-sort-value="1-Mar-2000" | March 2000
| data-sort-value="136" | $136M in stock | Data compression software |
data-sort-value="1-Mar-2000" | March 2000
| data-sort-value="162" | $162M in stock | 3D graphics processors |
data-sort-value="1-Jun-2000" | June 2000
| data-sort-value="242" | $242M in stock | Digital video chips |
data-sort-value="1-Jul-2000" | July 2000
| Innovent Systems{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2000/06/13/deals/broadcom/index.htm |title=Broadcom gets Innovent |date=June 13, 2000 |website=CNNMoney}} | data-sort-value="440" | $440M in stock | Bluetooth radios |
data-sort-value="1-Aug-2000" | August 2000
| Puyallup Integrated Circuit Company | | IC design and IC macro blocks |
data-sort-value="1-Jul-2000" | July 2000
| Altima Communications{{Cite news |last=Dunn |first=Darrell |date=July 31, 2000 |title=Broadcom to acquire Altima Communications |url=https://www.eetimes.com/broadcom-to-acquire-altima-communications/ |website=EE Times}} | data-sort-value="533" | $533M in stock | Networking chips |
data-sort-value="1-Oct-2000" | October 2000
| Newport Communications{{Cite news |last=Thurm |first=Scott |date=August 15, 2000 |title=Broadcom to Acquire NewPort For About $1.32 Billion in Stock |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB96625695053375569 |work=The Wall Street Journal}} | data-sort-value="1320" | $1,320M in stock | 10Gbit Ethernet transceivers |
data-sort-value="1-Oct-2000" | October 2000
| data-sort-value="1250" | $1,250M in stock |
data-sort-value="1-Nov-2000" | November 2000
| Element 14{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB970669552159569523 |title=Broadcom to Buy Element 14 For $641.1 Million in Stock |date=October 5, 2000 |work=The Wall Street Journal}} | data-sort-value="641" | $641M in stock | DSL chipsets |
data-sort-value="1-Nov-2000" | November 2000
| data-sort-value="2060" | $2,060M in stock[http://www.design-reuse.com/news/1098/broadcom-mips-core-provider-sibyte.html Broadcom acquires MIPS core provider SiByte]. Design-reuse.com. Retrieved on 2013-12-08.{{cite web |title=Broadcom confirms expected purchase of SiByte for $2.04 billion in stock |url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1186871 |website=EETimes |access-date=6 October 2019}} | Fabless producer of 64-bit MIPS networking processor{{cite web |title=SiByte net processor shoots for control |url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1142461 |website=EETimes |access-date=6 October 2019}} |
data-sort-value="1-Dec-2000" | December 2000
| Allayer Communications{{Cite news |last=Alexander |first=Karen |date=October 18, 2000 |title=Broadcom to Acquire Allayer |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-oct-18-fi-38113-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times}} | data-sort-value="276" | $276M in stock | Enterprise and optical networking chips |
data-sort-value="1-Jan-2001" | January 2001
| data-sort-value="677" | $677M in stock | MPEG-2 compression/decompression of PVRs |
data-sort-value="1-Jan-2001" | January 2001
| ServerWorks Corp.{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Molly |date=November 29, 2000 |title=Broadcom to Buy ServerWorks For About $1.03 Billion in Stock |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB978962056641861515 |work=The Wall Street Journal}} | data-sort-value="1003" | $1,003M in stock | I/O controllers for servers and workstations |
data-sort-value="1-Jul-2001" | July 2001
| PortaTec Corporation{{Cite news |url=https://www.ocbj.com/news/broadcom-acquires-two-small-firms/ |title=Broadcom acquires two small firms |date=September 2, 2001 |publisher=Orange County Business Journal}} | | Mobile devices |
data-sort-value="1-Jul-2001" | July 2001
| | Wireless and mobile ICs |
data-sort-value="1-May-2002" | May 2002
| Mobilink Telecom, Inc.{{Cite news |last=Huffstutter |first=P.J. |date=April 9, 2002 |title=Broadcom to Acquire Mobilink |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-apr-09-f-broadcom9-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times}} | data-sort-value="190" | $190M in stock | Baseband processors for cellphones |
data-sort-value="1-Mar-2003" | March 2003
| Gadzoox{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/broadcom-acquires-gadzoox-assets/ |title=Broadcom acquires Gadzoox assets |date=March 3, 2003 |website=CNET}} | data-sort-value="5.8" | $5.8M in cash | Storage-area networks |
data-sort-value="1-Jan-2004" | January 2004
| data-sort-value="16.5" | $16.5M in cash | RAID software |
data-sort-value="1-Apr-2004" | April 2004
| data-sort-value="8.6" | $8.6M in cash and 27,000 shares of stock | Technology to improve wireless reception |
data-sort-value="1-Apr-2004" | April 2004
| Sand Video, Inc.{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB108134745810776655 |title=Broadcom Buys Sand Video |date=April 7, 2004 |work=The Wall Street Journal}} | data-sort-value="84.9" | $77.5M in stock and $7.4M in cash | Video compression technology |
data-sort-value="1-Apr-2004" | April 2004
| WIDCOMM, Inc.{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB108238003168286527 |title=Broadcom to Acquire Widcomm |date=April 20, 2004 |work=The Wall Street Journal}} | data-sort-value="49" | $49M in cash | Software for Bluetooth systems |
data-sort-value="1-Apr-2004" | April 2004
| Zyray Wireless, Inc.{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-jun-17-fi-broadcom17-story.html |title=Broadcom to Acquire Zyray for $98 Million |date=June 17, 2004 |work=Los Angeles Times}} | data-sort-value="98" | $98M in stock | Baseband processors for WCDMA |
data-sort-value="1-Sep-2004" | September 2004
| Alphamosaic, Ltd.{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB109568501167622266 |title=Broadcom Acquires Alphamosaic |date=September 21, 2004 |work=The Wall Street Journal}} | data-sort-value="123" | $123M in stock | Video processors for mobile devices |
data-sort-value="1-Feb-2005" | February 2005
| Alliant Networks, Inc. | | Cellular gateway products |
data-sort-value="1-Mar-2005" | March 2005
| data-sort-value="32" | $29.4M in cash and $2.6M in stock | Bluetooth headset products |
data-sort-value="1-Jul-2005" | July 2005
| Siliquent Technologies, Inc.{{Cite web |last=Clarke |first=Peter |date=July 19, 2004 |title=Broadcom agrees to pay $76 million to buy Siliquent |url=https://www.eetimes.com/broadcom-agrees-to-pay-76-million-to-buy-siliquent/ |website=EE Times}} | data-sort-value="76" | $76M in cash | 10Gbit Ethernet interface controllers |
data-sort-value="1-Oct-2005" | October 2005
| Athena Semiconductors, Inc.{{Cite news |last=Luna |first=Nancy |date=October 7, 2005 |title=Broadcom to buy Athena for $21.6 million |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2005/10/07/broadcom-to-buy-athena-for-216-million/ |work=The Orange County Register}} | data-sort-value="21.6" | $21.6M in cash | Digital TV tuners and Wifi technology |
data-sort-value="1-Jan-2006" | January 2006
| Sandburst Corporation{{Cite web |url=https://www.edn.com/broadcom-makes-80m-triple-play-acquisition/ |title=Broadcom Makes $80M Triple-Play Acquisition |date=January 23, 2006 |website=Electronic Design News}} | data-sort-value="80" | $75M in cash and $5M in stock | SOC chips for Ethernet packet switching |
data-sort-value="1-Nov-2006" | November 2006
| data-sort-value="62" | $62M in cash | Networking software |
data-sort-value="1-May-2007" | May 2007
| data-sort-value="31" | $31M in cash | Multimedia Over Coax technology |
data-sort-value="1-Jun-2007" | June 2007
| Global Locate, Inc.{{Cite web |url=https://www.eetimes.com/broadcom-to-pay-146-million-for-global-locate/ |title=Broadcom to pay $146 million for Global Locate |date=June 12, 2007 |website=EE Times}} | data-sort-value="146" | $146M in cash | GPS chips and software |
data-sort-value="1-Mar-2008" | March 2008
| data-sort-value="48" | $48M in cash | Optical disk drive technologies |
data-sort-value="1-Aug-2008" | August 2008
| AMD (DTV Processor Division){{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=Dylan |date=October 28, 2008 |title=Broadcom completes AMD DTV buy at reduced price |url=https://www.eetimes.com/broadcom-completes-amd-dtv-buy-at-reduced-price/ |website=EE Times}} | data-sort-value="141.5" | $141.5M in cash | Xilleon DTV processor chips, software and TV tuners |
data-sort-value="1-Dec-2009" | December 2009
| data-sort-value="178" | $178M in cash | High speed network switches |
data-sort-value="1-Feb-2010" | February 2010
| data-sort-value="123" | $123M in cash | Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) chipsets and software |
data-sort-value="1-Jun-2010" | June 2010
| Innovision Research & Technology plc{{cite web|url=http://www.nearfieldcommunicationsworld.com/2010/06/18/33993/broadcom-to-enter-nfc-market-buys-innovision-for-47-5m/ |title=Broadcom to enter NFC market, buys Innovision for $47.5m |website=Nearfieldcommunicationsworld.com |date=June 18, 2010 }} | data-sort-value="47.5" | $47.5M in cash | Near field communication expertise and IP |
data-sort-value="1-Oct-2010" | October 2010
| data-sort-value="316" | $316M in cash | 4G LTE/WiMax expertise |
data-sort-value="1-Nov-2010" | November 2010
| Gigle Networks{{Cite press release|title=Broadcom Corporation to Acquire Gigle Networks Inc.|date=November 22, 2010|publisher=Broadcom Corporation|location=Irvine, California|url=http://www.broadcom.com/press/release.php?id=s532148|archive-url=https://archive.today/20101124133637/http://www.broadcom.com/press/release.php?id=s532148|archive-date=November 24, 2010|access-date=November 25, 2010|url-status=live}} | data-sort-value="75" | $75M in cash | Multimedia home networking |
data-sort-value="1-Apr-2011" | April 2011
| data-sort-value="313" | $313M in cash | Microwave Backhaul |
data-sort-value="1-May-2011" | May 2011
| data-sort-value="41.9" | $41.9M in cash | Israel-based security software developer |
data-sort-value="1-Sep-2011" | September 2011
| NetLogic Microsystems{{Cite news |last=Carew |first=Sinead |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-broadcom-idUSTRE78B23T20110912|title=Chipmaker Broadcom to buy NetLogic for $3.7 billion|date=September 12, 2016 |publisher=Reuters}} | data-sort-value="3700" | $3,700M | Next-generation Internet networks |
data-sort-value="1-Mar-2012" | March 2012
| BroadLight{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/broadcom-to-buy-chip-maker-broadlight-for-195-million/ |title=Broadcom to buy chip maker BroadLight for $195 million |date=March 20, 2012 |website=ZDNET}} | data-sort-value="195" | $195M in cash | Israel-based fiber access PON developer |
data-sort-value="1-Jun-2012" | June 2012
| Wisair | data-sort-value="1" | $1M in cash | Short-range Wireless data transmission |
data-sort-value="1-Jan-2013" | January 2013
| BroadLogic | | Video encoders/decoders,[http://www.cedmagazine.com/news/2013/01/broadcom-snags-broadlogic Broadcom snags BroadLogic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706180045/http://www.cedmagazine.com/news/2013/01/broadcom-snags-broadlogic |date=July 6, 2015 }}. Cedmagazine.com (2013-01-30). Retrieved on 2013-12-08. QAM modulation and wideband receivers. |
data-sort-value="1-Sep-2013" | September 2013
| Renesas Mobile Corporation{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/broadcom-lte-idUSL4N0H034820130904/ |title=Broadcom to buy LTE assets from Renesas Electronics |date=September 4, 2013 |publisher=Reuters}} | data-sort-value="164" | $164M in cash | Mobile chipset platforms (LTE-related assets) |
=Branding=
The Broadcom logo was designed by Eliot Hochberg, based on the logo for the company's previous name, Broadband Telecom. The Broadband Telecom logo was designed by co-founder Henry Nicholas' then wife, Stacey Nicholas, who was inspired by the mathematical sinc function.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}
Philanthropy
In 2009, the company founded the Broadcom Foundation as a non-profit corporation with a $50M investment, at the direction of Henry Samueli, the company's co-founder, and then-Broadcom Chief Executive Scott A. McGregor, who cited a history of science fair involvement as a factor for his own success.{{cite web|url=https://readwrite.com/2013/12/09/broadcom-henry-samueli-chips-future/ |title=Broadcom's Henry Samueli: Don't Get Into Tech For The Money—It's Way Too Hard |website=readwrite.com |date=2013-12-09 |access-date=2018-12-14}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ocbj.com/news/2009/may/11/broadcom-creates-50m-foundation-for-math-science/ |title=Broadcom Creates $50M Foundation for Math, Science |website=ocbj.com |date=2009-05-11 |access-date=2018-12-13}}{{subscription required}} McGregor was named the foundation's first president and chairman.{{cite web|url=https://www.ocbj.com/news/2011/mar/13/broadcom-engineer-helicopter-buff-visits-science-f/ |title=Broadcom Engineer, Helicopter Buff Visits Science Fair |website=ocbj.com |date=2011-03-13 |access-date=2018-12-14}}{{subscription required}}
See also
{{Portal bar|Los Angeles|Companies}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- David P. Bianco, [https://archive.org/details/internationaldir0000unse_r5m3/page/76/mode/2up "Broadcom"], in Jay P. Pederson (ed.), International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 34 (Farmington Hills, Michigan: St. James Press, 2000), pp. 76−79.
External links
- [http://www.secdatabase.com/CIK/1054374/Company-Name/BROADCOM-CORP Broadcom SEC Filings]
{{Open Handset Alliance Members}}
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Category:1991 establishments in California
Category:Companies based in Irvine, California
Category:Electronics companies established in 1991
Category:Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Category:Networking companies of the United States
Category:Technology companies based in Greater Los Angeles