Brown tanager
{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Brown Tanager - Itatiaia - Brazil MG 0161 (23224278996).jpg
| image_caption = at Itatiaia National Park, Brazil.
| status = NT
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| parent_authority = Cabanis, 1851
| taxon = Orchesticus abeillei
| authority = (Lesson, 1839)
| synonyms = Pyrrhula Abeillei (protonym)
| range_map = Orchesticus abeillei map.svg
}}
The brown tanager (Orchesticus abeillei) is a small South American bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Orchesticus.
The brown tanager is about {{convert|17|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} in length and weighs about 31.5 g. As suggested by its name, the plumage is overall brown. The bill is relatively thick. It is endemic to humid Atlantic forest of south-eastern Brazil at altitudes of {{convert|900|–|1500|m|ft|abbr=on}}. It forages in the canopy and is typically seen in pairs. It is generally uncommon, but known from several protected areas, such as the Itatiaia National Park.
It will catch insects in the air; in a manner often referred to as sallying. It will also take insects directly off plants.
It lays 2 eggs with a pinkish hue. The larger end of the egg is speckled with brown and lavender.
Taxonomy
The brown tanager was formally described in 1839 by the French naturalist René Lesson under the binomial name Pyrrhula Abeillei.{{ cite journal | last=Lesson | first=René | author-link=René Lesson | year=1844 | title=Oiseaux rares ou nouveaux de la collection du Docteur Abbeillé, à Bordeaux | language=French | journal=Revue Zoologique | volume=2 | issue=Part 2 | pages=40–43 [40–41] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45301727 }} The species was moved to its own monospecific genus Orchesticus in 1851 by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis.{{ cite book | last=Cabanis | first=Jean | author-link=Jean Cabanis | year=1850–1851 | title=Museum Heineanum : Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine, auf Gut St. Burchard vor Halberstadt | volume=1 | language=German, Latin | place=Halberstadt | publisher=R. Frantz | page=143 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49584522 }} The type locality is Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1970 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=13 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=247 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483482 }} The genus name is from the Ancient Greek orkhēstikos meaning "good at dancing". The specific epithet abeillei was chosen to honour the French collector and naturalist M. Abeillé.{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=29, 283 }} Within the Thraupidae the brown tanager is placed with the yellow-shouldered grosbeak in the subfamily Orchesticinae.{{cite journal| last1=Burns | first1=K.J. | last2=Shultz | first2=A.J. | last3=Title | first3=P.O. | last4=Mason | first4=N.A. | last5=Barker | first5=F.K. | last6=Klicka | first6=J. | last7=Lanyon | first7=S.M. | last8=Lovette | first8=I.J. | year=2014 | title=Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution| volume=75| pages=41–77 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006 | pmid=24583021 | url=https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3613&context=biosci_pubs }} The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2020 | title=Tanagers and allies | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/tanagers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=24 November 2020 }}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Passeroidea|T.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q508261}}
Category:Birds of the Atlantic Forest
Category:Endemic birds of Brazil
Category:Taxa named by René Lesson
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