Buol language

{{short description|Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Buol

|nativename=Apadu Vuolo

|pronunciation=['apadu 'βuɔʎɔ]

|states=Indonesia

|region=Buol Regency, Central Sulawesi

|speakers=96,000

|date=2000 census

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Austronesian

|fam2=Malayo-Polynesian

|fam3=Philippine

|fam4=Greater Central Philippine

|fam5=Gorontalo–Mongondow

|fam6=Gorontalic

|dia1=

|iso3=blf

|glotto=buol1237

|glottorefname=Buol

|notice=IPA

}}

Buol (Bual, Bwo’ol, Bwool, Dia) is an Austronesian language spoken in Buol Regency (Central Sulawesi Province), northwestern Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Phonology

The vowels of Buol are {{IPA|/a e i o u/}}.{{Cite book |title=The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar |last=Zobel |first=Erik |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |isbn=0-7007-1286-0 |editor-last=Adelaar |editor-first=K. Alexander |location=London |pages=625–648 |chapter=Buol |editor-last2=Himmelmann |editor-first2=Nikolaus}} Stress falls on penultimate syllable, with sequence of like vowels counting as one syllable.

The consonants are as follows:

class="wikitable" style=text-align:center \|+Buol Consonants
colspan=2\| ! Labial ! Apical ! Palatal ! Velar ! Glottal
colspan=2\| Nasal \| {{IPA link\|m}} \|\| {{IPA link\|n}} \|\| \|\| {{IPA link\|ŋ}} \|\|
rowspan=2\| Plosive/ Affricate ! voiceless \| {{IPA link\|p}} \|\| {{IPA link\|t̪}} \|\| \|\| {{IPA link\|k}} \|\| ({{IPA link\|ʔ}})
voiced \| {{IPA link\|b}} \|\| {{IPA link\|d}} \|\| ({{IPA link\|dʒ}}) \|\| {{IPA link\|ɡ}} \|\|
colspan=2\| Fricative \| {{IPA link\|β}} \|\| ({{IPA link\|s}}) \|\| \|\| \|\|({{IPA link\|h}})
colspan=2\| Approximant \| \|\| {{IPA link\|l}} \|\| {{IPA link\|j}} \|\| {{IPA link\|w}} \|\|
colspan=2 \| Trill \| \|\| {{IPA link\|r}} \|\| \|\| \|\|

class="wikitable" style=text-align:center

|+Buol Consonants

colspan=2|

! Labial

! Apical

! Palatal

! Velar

! Glottal

colspan=2| Nasal

| {{IPA link|m}} || {{IPA link|n}} || || {{IPA link|ŋ}} ||

rowspan=2| Plosive/
Affricate

! voiceless

| {{IPA link|p}} || {{IPA link|t̪}} || || {{IPA link|k}} || ({{IPA link|ʔ}})

voiced

| {{IPA link|b}} || {{IPA link|d}} || ({{IPA link|dʒ}}) || {{IPA link|ɡ}} ||

colspan=2| Fricative

| {{IPA link|β}} || ({{IPA link|s}}) || || ||({{IPA link|h}})

colspan=2| Approximant

| || {{IPA link|l}} || {{IPA link|j}} || {{IPA link|w}} ||

colspan=2 | Trill

| || {{IPA link|r}} || || ||

{{IPA|/dʒ/}} occurs in loans. {{IPA|/h/, /s/, /ʔ/}} are found in loans and a small number of native words, such as {{IPA|/buahaŋa/}} 'k.o. cricket', {{IPA|/sio/}} 'nine', {{IPA|/naʔal/}} 'bark slippers'.

{{IPA|/β/}} only occurs before {{IPA|/u/}}, but there are near-minimal pairs such as {{IPA|/βuŋo/}} 'fruit', {{IPA|/buŋol/}} 'leaf'.

{{IPA|/l/}} is pronounced {{IPA|[l]}} after a front vowel, as in {{IPA|[dila]}} 'tongue'; {{IPAblink|ɽ}} if not preceded, but followed by a front vowel, as in {{IPA|[aɽe]}} 'chin'; and {{IPA|[ʎ]}} elsewhere. However, there is an exception with the sequences {{IPA|/lala, lola, lolo/}}, where the first {{IPA|/l/}} is pronounced {{IPA|[l]}}, as in {{IPA|/lolo/ [loʎo]}} 'face'.

Buol language

Phonology

References

Further reading