Burgundy#Climate

It is named for the Burgundians, an East Germanic people who moved westwards beyond the Rhine during the late Roman period.Poupardin, René, {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Burgundy}} The name Burgundy has historically denoted numerous political entities. It first emerged in the 9th century as one of the successors of the ancient Kingdom of the Burgundians, which after its conquest in 532 had formed a constituent part of the Frankish Empire.

Since the inception of the French departmental system in 1790, Burgundy has referred to the geographic area comprising the four departments of Côte-d'Or, Saône-et-Loire, Yonne, and Nièvre.{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=pbspjvZst5UC&pg=PA201|title= Provinces, départements, régions: L'organisation administrative de la France d'hier à demain|last= Masson|first= Jean-Louis|date= 1984|page=201website= Google Livres (French Google Books site)|language=fr|publisher= Éditions Fernand Lanore|isbn= 9782851570031|access-date= 2020-05-23}}

{{More citations needed section|date=August 2022}}

File:Chatillon-sur-Seine - Musée du Pays chatillonnais - Cratère de Vix - 012 (cropped).jpg, a Greek wine-mixing vessel found in the Vix Grave]]

File:Arms of the Duke of Burgundy (1364-1404).svg of the second Duchy of Burgundy and later of the province]]

{{main|History of Burgundy}}

The first recorded inhabitants of the area that was to become Burgundy were various tribes of Gallic Celts, the most prominent of which were the semi-republican Aedui, who were eventually incorporated into the Roman Empire following the Gaulish defeat in the Battle of Alesia.{{Cite web|title=Battle of Alesia {{!}} Facts, Summary, & Combatants|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Alesia-52-BCE|access-date=2020-09-09|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|language=en}} Gallo-Roman culture flourished during the Roman period.

During the 4th century, the Burgundians, a Germanic people who may have originated on the Baltic island of Bornholm, settled in the western Alps. They founded the Kingdom of the Burgundians, which was conquered in the 6th century by another Germanic tribe, the Franks.{{Cite web|last=S|first=Alen|title=Kingdom of the Burgundy (406-534)|url=https://www.shorthistory.org/middle-ages/germanic-tribes/kingdom-of-the-burgundians-406-534/|access-date=2020-11-25|website=Short history website|date=16 February 2017 |language=en-US}}

File:Burgundy province.png

Under Frankish dominion, the Kingdom of Burgundy continued for several centuries.

Later, the region was divided between the Duchy of Burgundy (to the west) and the Free County of Burgundy (to the east). The Duchy of Burgundy is the better known of the two, later becoming the French province of Burgundy, while the County of Burgundy became the French province of Franche-Comté.

Burgundy's modern existence is rooted in the dissolution of the Frankish Empire. In the 880s, there were four Burgundies: the Duchy, the County, and the kingdoms of Upper Burgundy and Lower Burgundy.

During the Middle Ages, Burgundy was home to some of the most important Western churches and monasteries, including those of Cluny, Cîteaux, and Vézelay. Cluny, founded in 910, exerted a strong influence in Europe for centuries. The first Cistercian abbey was founded in 1098 in Cîteaux. Over the next century, hundreds of Cistercian abbeys were founded throughout Europe, in a large part due to the charisma and influence of Bernard of Clairvaux. The Abbey of Fontenay, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is today the best-preserved Cistercian abbey in Burgundy. The Abbey of Vézelay, also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is still a starting point for pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela.{{Cite web |url=https://www.parisdigest.com/burgundy/burgundy.htm |title=Burgundy |year=2018 |publisher=Paris Digest |access-date=2018-08-10 }} Cluny was almost totally destroyed during the French Revolution.{{Cite web|date=2020-03-21|title=Cluny, The second Rome|url=https://www.interkultur.fr/events/cluny/|access-date=2020-11-25|website=Interkultur Paris|language=en-US|archive-date=24 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224043406/https://www.interkultur.fr/events/cluny/|url-status=dead}}

During the Hundred Years' War, King John II of France gave the duchy to his youngest son, Philip the Bold. The duchy soon became a major rival to the crown. The court in Dijon outshone the French court both economically and culturally. Phillip the Bold's grandson Philip the Good acquired Namur, Hainaut, Brabant, and Holland in modern Belgium and the Netherlands.

File:Military flag of the Burgundian state under Duke Charles the Bold.jpg]]

In 1477, at the battle of Nancy during the Burgundian Wars, the last duke Charles the Bold was killed in battle, and the Duchy itself was annexed by France and became a province. However, the northern part of the empire was taken by the Austrian Habsburgs.{{Cite web|title=The Duchy of Burgundy, Medieval Powerhouse {{!}} eHISTORY|url=https://ehistory.osu.edu/articles/duchy-burgundy-medieval-powerhouse|access-date=2020-11-25|website=ehistory.osu.edu}}

With the French Revolution in the end of the 18th century, the administrative units of the provinces disappeared, but were reconstituted as regions during the Fifth Republic in the 1970s. The modern-day administrative region comprises most of the former duchy.

In 2016, Burgundy and the historical region of Franche-Comté merged for administrative purposes into the new region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.{{cite web |title=LOI n° 2015-29 du 16 janvier 2015 relative à la délimitation des régions, aux élections régionales et départementales et modifiant le calendrier électoral |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/loi/2015/1/16/2015-29/jo/texte |website=Legifrance |access-date=20 May 2020 |language=fr|publisher=Secrétariat général du Gouvernement}}

{{unreferenced section|date=February 2017}}

File:Carte de la Bourgogne (Relief).svg

The region of Burgundy is both larger than the old Duchy of Burgundy and smaller than the area ruled by the Dukes of Burgundy, from the modern Netherlands to the border of Auvergne. Today, Burgundy is made up of the old provinces:

• Burgundy: Côte-d'Or, Saône-et-Loire, and southern half of Yonne. This corresponds to the old duchy of Burgundy (later called province of Burgundy). However, the old county of Burgundy (later called province of Franche-Comté) is not included inside the Burgundy region, but it makes up the Franche-Comté region. Also, a small part of the duchy of Burgundy (province of Burgundy) is now inside the Champagne-Ardenne region.
• Nivernais: now the department of Nièvre.
• the northern half of Yonne is a territory that was not part of Burgundy (at least not since the 11th century), and was a frontier between Champagne, Île-de-France, and Orléanais, being part of each of these provinces at different times in history.

File:Place_du_Bareuzai.jpg

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

• Autun
• Auxerre
• Avallon
• Beaune
• Chalon-sur-Saône
• Dijon
• Le Creusot
• Mâcon
• Montceau-les-Mines
• Nevers
• Paray-le-Monial
• Sens

{{div col end}}

The climate of this region is essentially oceanic (Cfb in Köppen classification), with a continental influence (sometimes called a "half-continental climate").{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

The regional council of Burgundy was the legislative assembly of the region, until its merger to form the regional council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

File:Meursault,Burgundy.jpg vineyards in the south of Côte de Beaune surrounding the town of Meursault]]

File:Château de la Clayette vu de la rive du lac.jpg]]

{{see also|Burgundy wine}}

File:Evaireman de lai peste.png dialect]]

Burgundy is one of France's main wine-producing areas. It is well known for both its red and white wines, mostly made from Pinot noir and Chardonnay grapes, respectively, although other grape varieties can be found, including Gamay, Aligote, Pinot blanc, and Sauvignon blanc. The region is divided into the Côte-d'Or, where the most expensive and prized Burgundies are found, and Beaujolais, Chablis, the Côte Chalonnaise and Mâcon. The reputation and quality of the top wines, together with the fact that they are often produced in small quantities, has led to high demand and high prices, with some Burgundies ranking among the most expensive wines in the world.{{Cite web|url=https://www.visitfrenchwine.com/en/vineyard/visit-the-vineyards-of-bourgogne-wine-tourism|title = Bourgogne| work=The greatest destinations in the vineyards of France – France’s official wine tourism portal |date = 15 January 2016}}

With regard to cuisine, the region is famous for Dijon mustard, Charolais beef, Bresse chicken, the Burgundian dishes coq au vin and beef bourguignon, and époisses cheese.{{Cite web|url=https://us.france.fr/en/news/article/burgundy|title=Visit Burgundy, a Land of Adventure|website=us.france.fr}}

Tourist sites of Burgundy include the Rock of Solutré, the Hospices de Beaune, the Ducal Palace in Dijon, and many Renaissance and mediaeval châteaus, castles, churches and abbeys.{{Cite web|url=https://us.france.fr/en/burgundy/article/burgundy|title=Visit Burgundy, a Land of Adventure|website=us.france.fr}}

Earlier, the southeastern part of Burgundy was heavily industrial, with coal mines near Montceau-les-Mines and iron foundries and crystal works in Le Creusot. These industries declined in the second half of the twentieth century.

The local dialect is known as Burgundian (Bourguignon); it is an Oïl language similar to Standard French but with some Franco-Provençal and Dutch influence.{{Cite web|url=https://diaryofawinebuyer.wordpress.com/tag/bourguignon-morvandiau/|title=Bourguignon-Morvandiau|website=Diary of a Winebuyer|date=26 April 2016 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/wsc/img/WSC4_Accepted.pdf |title=4th Workshop on Sound Change: Accepted Abstracts |publisher=University of Edinburgh |date=2017 |access-date=19 July 2022}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a4GynMSRZ6gC&dq=Bourguignon-++franco+provencal&pg=PA89|title=Language and National Identity: Comparing France and Sweden|first=Leigh|last=Oakes|date=15 April 2001|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing|isbn=9789027218483 |via=Google Books}}

{{Reflist}}

{{eB1911 poster|Burgundy}}

• {{Cite book | last =Allen | first =Percy | author-link=Percy Allen (writer)| title =Burgundy - The Splendid Duchy: Stories and Sketches in South Burgundy| place =London | publisher =F. Griffiths| year =1912 }}
• {{Cite book | last =Cope | first =Christopher | title =Phoenix Frustrated: The Lost Kingdom of Burgundy | place =London | publisher =Constable| year =1986 }}
• {{Cite book | last =Dunlop | first =Ian | title =Burgundy | place =London | publisher =Hamish Hamilton| year =1990 }}
• {{Cite book | last =Gunn | first =Peter | title =Burgundy: Landscape with Figures | place =London | publisher =Victor Gollancz| year =1976 }}
• {{Cite book | last =Gwynn | first =Stephen | author-link=Stephen Gwynn| title =Burgundy; with chapters on the Jura and Savoy| place =London | publisher =George G. Harrap & Co.| year =1930 }}
• {{Cite book | last =Hatch | first =Evelyn M. | author-link=Evelyn Hatch | title =Burgundy. Past and Present| place =London | publisher =Methuen| year =1927 }}
• {{Cite book | last =Lands | first =Neil | title =History, People and Places in Burgundy| publisher =Spurbooks| year =1977 }} History, People and Places series.
• {{cite book|title=Burgundy, What a Story!|first1= Bernard|last1= Lecomte|first2= Jean-Louis|last2= Thouart|edition= de Bourogne|date= 2004|publisher= Editons de Bourgogne|isbn= 978-2-902650-02-6}}
• {{Cite book | last =Davies | first =Norman | author-link=Norman Davies| title =Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe| place =London | publisher =Allen Lane| year =2011 | chapter =Ch.3 : Burgundia: Five, Six or Seven Kingdoms (c. 411-1795)| ref=pp.85–150 | language =en | isbn =978-0-141-04886-4 }}
• {{Cite book | last =Speaight | first =Robert | author-link=Robert Speaight| title =The Companion Guide to Burgundy| place =London | publisher =Collins| year =1975 }} revised and expanded by Francis Pagan, 1990 & 1996.
• {{cite book|title=Burgundy|first1= Anthony|last1= Turner|first2= Christopher|last2= Brown|publisher= Batsford|date= 1977}}
• {{cite book |first=Bart |last=Van Loo |title=The Burgundians: A Vanished Empire |publisher=Head of Zeus |date=2021 |isbn=978-1-789543-43-8}}
• {{cite French law|number or usual name=n° 2015-29|date in French=16 janvier 2015|full name=relative à la délimitation des régions, aux élections régionales et départementales et modifiant le calendrier électoral|language=French|lower case=|URL=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=9FECBA9D9314D1D2C093CF793C886ED5.tpdila21v_1?idSectionTA=JORFSCTA000030109623&cidTexte=JORFTEXT000030109622&dateTexte=29990101}}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?reg_id=99&ref_id=pib-va-reg-base-2005 |title=Produits intérieurs bruts régionaux et valeurs ajoutées régionales de 1990 à 2012|author=INSEE|author-link=INSEE|access-date=2014-03-04}}

• {{wikivoyage inline|Burgundy}}
• {{wiktionary-inline}}
• {{commons-inline}}
• {{in lang|en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20130521174615/http://www.france.fr/en/regions-and-cities/burgundy-history-open-air Burgundy : history in the open air]—Official French website
• {{in lang|fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20130215030614/http://www.insee.fr/fr/regions/bourgogne/ Burgundy statistics] on INSEE website
• {{in lang|fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160113150226/http://www.cr-bourgogne.fr/ Regional Council website]
• {{in lang|en}} [http://about-france.com/regions/burgundy.htm Short guide to Burgundy] with main tourist attractions
• {{CathEncy|wstitle=Burgundy|short=x}}
• {{Cite NSRW|wstitle=Burgundy|short=x}}

{{Regions of France|former}}

{{Historic Provinces of France}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Former regions of France

Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union