C/1980 E1 (Bowell)

{{Infobox comet

| name = C/1980 E1 (Bowell)

| discoverer = Edward L. G. Bowell

| image=C1980 E1-orbit.png

| caption = Hyperbolic path with annual motion

| discovery_date = 11 February 1980

| orbit_ref = {{r|barycenter|jpldata}}

| epoch = 3 January 1982 (JD 2444972.5)

| observation_arc = 6.88 years

| obs = 187

| aphelion = ~75,000 AU (inbound){{r|barycenter}}

| perihelion = 3.3639 AU

| eccentricity = 1.057(hyperbolic trajectory)
1.053 (epoch 1984+)

| period=~7.1 million years (epoch 1950)
Ejection (epoch 1977+)

| inclination = 1.6617°

| asc_node = 114.558°

| arg_peri = 135.083°

| last_p = 12 March 1982

| M1 = 5.8

| dimensions = > 1 km

}}

C/1980 E1 is a non-periodic comet discovered by Edward L. G. Bowell on 11 February 1980 and which came closest to the Sun (perihelion) in March 1982. It is leaving the Solar System on a hyperbolic trajectory due to a close approach to Jupiter. In the 43 years since its discovery only 4 objects with higher eccentricities have been identified, 1I/ʻOumuamua (1.2), 2I/Borisov (3.35), 3I/ATLAS (6.15) and C/2025 M2 (PANSTARRS)(1.16).{{cite journal

|last1=de la Fuente Marcos |first1=Carlos

|last2=de la Fuente Marcos |first2=Raúl

|title=Pole, Pericenter, and Nodes of the Interstellar Minor Body A/2017 U1

|journal=Research Notes of the AAS

|date=1 November 2017

|volume=1 |issue=1

|arxiv=1711.00445

|doi=10.3847/2515-5172/aa96b4

|pages=9 (2 pages)

|bibcode = 2017RNAAS...1....5D |s2cid=119537175

|doi-access=free

}}

{{cite journal

|last1 = de León |first1 = Julia

|last2 = Licandro |first2 = Javier

|last3 = Serra-Ricart |first3 = Miquel

|last4 = Cabrera-Lavers |first4 = Antonio

|last5 = Font Serra |first5 = Joan

|last6 = Scarpa |first6 = Riccardo

|last7 = de la Fuente Marcos |first7 = Carlos

|last8 = de la Fuente Marcos |first8 = Raúl

|date = 19 September 2019

|title = Interstellar Visitors: A Physical Characterization of Comet C/2019 Q4 (Borisov) with OSIRIS at the 10.4 m GTC

|journal = Research Notes of the AAS

|volume = 3

|number = 9

|page = 131

|doi = 10.3847/2515-5172/ab449c

|bibcode = 2019RNAAS...3..131D

|s2cid = 204193392

|issn = 2515-5172

|doi-access = free

}}

Overview

Before entering the inner Solar System for a 1982 perihelion passage, C/1980 E1 had a barycentric (epoch 1950-Jan-01) orbit with an aphelion of {{convert|75000|AU|ly|sigfig=2|lk=on|abbr=on}}, and a period of approximately 7.1 million years.

As the comet was approaching on 9 December 1980, it passed within 0.228 AU of Jupiter, which accelerated the comet briefly giving an (epoch 1981-Jan-09) eccentricity of 1.066. The comet came to perihelion on 12 March 1982, when it had a velocity of {{convert|23.3|km/s|mph|abbr=on}} with respect to the Sun. Since the epoch of 1977-Mar-04, C/1980 E1 has had a barycentric eccentricity greater than 1, keeping it on a hyperbolic trajectory that will eject it from the Solar System. Objects in hyperbolic orbits have a negative semimajor axis, giving them a positive orbital energy. After leaving the Solar System, C/1980 E1 will have an interstellar velocity {{nowrap|( $v_\infty$ )}} of 3.77 km/s.{{efn|name=speed}} The Minor Planet Center does not directly list a semimajor axis for this comet. On 24 January 2022, C/2024 L5 (ATLAS) had a similar episode with Saturn, resulting in its ejection from the Solar System.

The escape velocity from the Sun at Neptune's orbit is 7.7 km/s. By June 1995, the comet was passing Neptune's orbit at 30.1 AU from the Sun continuing its ejection trajectory at 8.6 km/s. Since February 2008, the comet has been more than 50 AU from the Sun.

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 0.9em;" \|+C/1980 E1 distance and velocity compared to the Sun with a 300 year stepsize ! Date ! Sun distance (AU) ! Velocity wrt Sun (km/s) ! Uncertainty region (3-sigma)
1682-03-12	{{Convert\|248.8\|AU\|e9km e9mi\|abbr=unit}}	2.68	± 7 million km
Perihelion	{{Convert\|3.364\|AU\|e6km e6mi\|abbr=unit}}	23.3	± 1589 km
2282-03-12	{{Convert\|337.2\|AU\|e9km e9mi\|abbr=unit}}	4.43	± 5 million km

Emission of OH (hydroxide) was observed pre-perihelion while the comet was nearly 5 AU from the Sun. CN (cyanide) was not detected until the comet was near perihelion. The comet nucleus was estimated to have a radius of several kilometers. The surface crust was probably a few meters thick.

File:C1980 E1-eccentricity.png

File:Animation of C／1980 E1 orbit.gif

Notes

{{Notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=speed|1={{nowrap|1=v = 42.1219 {{radic|1/r − 0.5/a}}}}, where r is the distance from the Sun, and a is the major semi-axis. At epoch 2500, C/1980 E1 will have a barycentric semi-major axis of −62.44.}}

}}

References

{{reflist

| refs =

{{cite journal

|last=Ahearn |first=Michael F.

|author2=Schleicher, D. G. |author3=Millis, R. L. |author4=Feldman, P. D. |author5= Thompson, D. T.

|title=Comet Bowell 1980b

|journal=Astronomical Journal

|volume=89 |pages=579–591 |year=1984

|doi=10.1086/113552

|bibcode=1984AJ.....89..579A|doi-access=free}}

{{cite web

|type=last observation: 1986-12-30

|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: C/1980 E1 (Bowell)

|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=1980E1&view=OPC

|access-date=2015-09-26}}

{{cite web

| author=Horizons output

| url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%271980+E1%27&TABLE_TYPE=%27ELEMENTS%27&START_TIME=%271950-01-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272050-01-01%27&STEP_SIZE=%27100%20years%27&CENTER=%27@0%27&OUT_UNITS=%27AU-D%27

| title=Barycentric Osculating Orbital Elements for Comet C/1980 E1 (Bowell) }} Solution using the Solar System Barycenter. Ephemeris Type:Elements and Center:@0 (To be outside planetary region, inbound epoch 1950 and outbound epoch 2050)

{{cite web

|title=Horizons Batch: Passing Neptune's orbit at 30.1 AU from the Sun

|publisher=JPL Horizons

|type=Solar escape velocity at 30.1 AU is about 7.67 km/s

|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND='1980+E1'&MAKE_EPHEM='YES'&TABLE_TYPE='OBSERVER'&START_TIME='1995-06-04'&STOP_TIME='1995-06-05'&STEP_SIZE='1%20day'&QUANTITIES='19,22'&CENTER='@sun' }}

{{cite web

|title=Horizons Batch for Distance and Velocity using a 300 year stepsize

|publisher=JPL Horizons

|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%271980+E1%27&START_TIME=%271682-03-12%2007:28%27&STOP_TIME=%272500-01-01%27&STEP_SIZE=%27300%20years%27&QUANTITIES=%2719,22,39%27

|accessdate=2023-02-03}}

{{cite web

|title=Horizons Ephemeris

|publisher=JPL Solar System Dynamics

|author1=Yeomans, Donald K. |author2=Chamberlin, Alan B |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=1980E1

|access-date=2011-02-22}}

{{cite web

|title=C/1980 E1 (Bowell) Orbit at the Minor Planet Center

|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=C%2F1980+E1

|access-date=2015-09-28}}

{{Cite journal

|first1 = L. |last1 = Buffoni

|first2 = M. |last2 = Scardia

|first3 = A. |last3 = Manara

|date = 1 May 1982

|title = The orbital evolution of comet Bowell (1980b)

|journal = The Moon and the Planets

|volume = 26

|issue = 3

|pages = 311-315

|bibcode = 1982M&P....26..311B

|doi = 10.1007/BF00928013

|arxiv =

|url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982M%26P....26..311B/abstract

|doi-access = free

}}

{{Cite journal

|first1 = R. L., Jr. |last1 = Branham

|date = 1 April 2013

|title = New Orbits for Comets C/1960 M1 (Humason), C/1980 E1 (Bowell), and Musings on Extrasolar Comets

|journal = Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica

|volume = 49

|issue = 1

|pages = 111-116

|bibcode = 2013RMxAA..49..111B

|url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013RMxAA..49..111B/abstract

}}

{{Cite journal

|first1 = Carlos |last1 = de la Fuente Marcos

|first2 = Raúl |last2 = de la Fuente Marcos

|date = 23 July 2024

|title = Comet A117uUD Goes Interstellar after Encountering Saturn in 2022

|journal = Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society

|volume = 8

|issue = 7

|pages = 184 (3 pages)

|bibcode = 2024RNAAS...8..184D

|doi = 10.3847/2515-5172/ad65fc

|arxiv =

|url = https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2515-5172/ad65fc

|doi-access = free

}}

{{Cite journal

|first1 = Raúl |last1 = de la Fuente Marcos

|first2 = Carlos |last2 = de la Fuente Marcos

|first3 = Sverre J. |last3 = Aarseth

|date = 24 October 2024

|title = Ejected from home: C/1980 E1 (Bowell) and C/2024 L5 (ATLAS)

|journal = Astronomy & Astrophysics

|volume = 690

|issue = 1

|pages = A395 (8 pages)

|bibcode = 2024arXiv241001975D

|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/202451920

|arxiv = 2410.01975

|url = https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2024/10/aa51920-24/aa51920-24.html

|doi-access = free

}}

External links

{{JPL small body|id=1000541}}

Category:Non-periodic comets

Category:Hyperbolic comets

19800211

Category:Discoveries by Edward L. G. Bowell

C/1980 E1 (Bowell)

Overview

See also

Notes

References

External links