CNP / ACP nuclear reactors#ACP-1000

{{Short description|Series of nuclear reactors developed by China National Nuclear Corporation}}

The CNP Generation II nuclear reactors (and Generation III successor ACP) were a series of nuclear reactors developed by China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), and are predecessors of the more current Hualong One design.

CNP-300

The CNP-300 is a pressurized water nuclear reactor developed by the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC).

It is China's first domestic commercial nuclear reactor design, with development beginning in the 1970s based on a nuclear submarine reactor design.{{cite web|title=Chinese reactor design evolution - Nuclear Engineering International|url=http://www.neimagazine.com/features/featurechinese-reactor-design-evolution-4272370/|website=www.neimagazine.com|accessdate=28 May 2018}}{{cite news|last1=Biello|first1=David|title=China forges ahead with nuclear energy|url=https://www.nature.com/news/2011/110329/full/news.2011.194.html|accessdate=28 May 2018|journal=Nature|date=29 March 2011|language=en|doi=10.1038/news.2011.194}}

The reactor has a thermal capacity of 999 MW and a gross electrical capacity of 325 MW, with a net output of about 300 MWe and a single-loop design and .{{cite web|title=Status of Small and Medium Sized Reactor Designs|url=https://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloads/Technology/files/SMR-booklet.pdf|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|accessdate=28 May 2018|date=September 2011}}

The first CNP-300 unit started operations in Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant in 1991.

The CNP-300 was the first Chinese nuclear reactor to be exported, with the installation of the first unit at Chashma Nuclear Power Plant in Pakistan.{{cite web|title=UxC: SMR Design Profile|url=https://www.uxc.com/smr/uxc_SMRDetail.aspx?key=CNP-300|website=www.uxc.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}

The unit began operation in 2000.

Another unit was completed in 2011 and two more units began operation in 2016 and 2017 at the same plant.

CNP-600

The CNP-600 is a generation II reactor pressurized water nuclear reactor developed by the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC).

It is based both on China's first commercial domestic nuclear reactor design, the CNP-300 and the M310 reactor design used in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant.{{cite web|title=China's commercial reactors|url=https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/files/chinas-commercial-reactors-proof.pdf|publisher=Nuclear Engineering International|accessdate=29 May 2018}}{{cite web|last1=(IAEA)|first1=International Atomic Energy Agency|title=- Nuclear Power - IAEA|url=https://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/aris/|website=www.iaea.org|accessdate=29 May 2018|language=en}}

The reactor has a capacity of 650 MW, a 2-loop design and 121 fuel assemblies. Other features include single containment, 40-year design life and a 12-month fuel cycle.

The first CNP-600 unit began operation at Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant in 2002, with other 3 units coming online between 2004 and 2011. There have been built two further CNP-600 reactors at Changjiang Nuclear Power Plant, which went into regular operation in 2015 and 2016.

ACP-600

From the CNP-600, CNNC developed a Generation III successor named the ACP-600.

Similar to the CNP-600, the reactor will contain 121 fuel assemblies, but will be designed to operate on a longer 18-24 month fuel cycle. Other features include double containment, active and passive safety systems, improved response capability in the case of a station blackout event, digital instrumentation and control, and a 60-year design life.

No examples of this reactor type had been built.{{Cite web|url=https://www.neimagazine.com/features/featurechinese-reactor-design-evolution-4272370/|title = Chinese reactor design evolution - Nuclear Engineering International}}

CNP-1000

CNNC's largest CNP development was a three-loop 1000 MW version of the design designated CNP-1000. Work on the project began in the 1990s with the help of vendors Westinghouse and Framatome (now AREVA).

The first CNP-1000 units were due to be built at Fangjiashan (the same site as Qinshan). However, the design was subsequently changed to CGN's CPR-1000. Later, 4 units of the CNP-1000 were later built at Fuqing NPP. Further work on the CNP-1000 was stopped in favour of the ACP-1000.

ACP-1000

In 2013, CNNC announced that it had independently developed the ACP-1000, with Chinese authorities claiming full intellectual property rights over the design.

The reactor has a gross output of 1100MW, a 3-loop design and 177 fuel assemblies (12 ft active length), and is designed to operate on an 18-month refuelling cycle for economic competitiveness.

As a result of the success of the Hualong One project, no ACP-1000 reactors have been built to date. CNNC had originally planned to use the ACP-1000 in Fuqing reactor 5 and 6 but switched over to the Hualong One.

Merger of ACP-1000 and ACPR-1000 into Hualong One

Since 2011, CNNC has been progressively merging its ACP-1000 nuclear power station design{{cite web |url=http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloadable/Meetings/2013/2013-05-22-05-24-TWG-NPE/day-1/7.china_presentation.pdf |title=I&C application status in NPPs in China |author=Wang Yanjun |publisher=China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. |date=22 May 2013 |access-date=11 October 2013 |display-authors=etal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012020859/http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloadable/Meetings/2013/2013-05-22-05-24-TWG-NPE/day-1/7.china_presentation.pdf |archive-date=12 October 2013 |url-status=live }} with the CGN ACPR-1000 design, while allowing some differences, under direction of the Chinese nuclear regulator. Both are three-loop designs originally based on the same French M310 design used in Daya Bay with 157 fuel assemblies, but went through different development processes (CNNC's ACP-1000 has a more domestic design with 177 fuel assemblies while CGN's ACPR-1000 is a closer copy with 157 fuel assemblies).{{cite web |url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-A-F/China--Nuclear-Power/ |title=Nuclear Power in China |publisher=World Nuclear Association |date=24 September 2013 |access-date=30 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103023128/http://world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-A-F/China--Nuclear-Power/ |archive-date=3 November 2013 |url-status=live}} In early 2014, it was announced that the merged design was moving from preliminary design to detailed design. Power output will be 1150 MWe, with a 60-year design life, and would use a combination of passive and active safety systems with a double containment. CNNC's 177 fuel assembly design was retained.

Initially the merged design was to be called the ACC-1000,{{cite web |url=http://en.cgnpc.com.cn/n1508/n1509/c577234/content.html |title=CGN Chairman He Yu Makes Proposal for Promoting Export of China-designed Nuclear Power Technology ACC1000 |publisher=CGN |date=6 March 2014 |access-date=7 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408221247/http://en.cgnpc.com.cn/n1508/n1509/c577234/content.html |archive-date=8 April 2014}}{{cite web |url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-A-F/China--Nuclear-Power/ |title=Nuclear Power in China |publisher=World Nuclear Association |date=April 2014 |access-date=7 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103023128/http://world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-A-F/China--Nuclear-Power/ |archive-date=3 November 2013 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |url=http://www.neimagazine.com/features/featurechinese-reactor-design-evolution-4272370/ |title=Chinese reactor design evolution |author=Caroline Peachey |publisher=Nuclear Engineering International |date=22 May 2014 |access-date=23 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228044848/https://www.neimagazine.com/features/featurechinese-reactor-design-evolution-4272370/ |archive-date=28 December 2019 |url-status=live }} but ultimately it was named Hualong One. In August 2014 the Chinese nuclear regulator review panel classified the design as a Generation III reactor design, with independently owned intellectual property rights.{{cite news |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/E-Chinas-new-nuclear-baby-0209141.html |title=China's new nuclear baby |publisher=World Nuclear News |date=2 September 2014 |access-date=9 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908021134/http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/E-Chinas-new-nuclear-baby-0209141.html |archive-date=8 September 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://en.cgnpc.com.cn/n1508/n1509/c755899/content.html |title=Independent Gen-III Hualong-1 reactor technology passes national review |publisher=CGN |date=22 August 2014 |access-date=9 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402175249/http://en.cgnpc.com.cn/n1508/n1509/c755899/content.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 }} As a result of the success of the merger, ACP-1000 and ACPR-1000 designs are no longer being offered.

References

Category:Pressurized water reactors