Cabul

Cabul is first mentioned as one of the landmarks on the boundary of Asher, in {{bibleverse||Joshua|19:27|NKJV}}. Josephus refers to it as "the village of Chabolo situated in the confines of Ptolemais",Vita, § 43 and was the western border of Lower Galilee before joining the Phoenician coast.Josephus, The Jewish War 3.3.1. It was assigned to the Tribe of Asher.{{bibleverse||Joshua|19:27|NKJV}} The name "Kabul" may have been derived from the Aramaic word mekubbal, which means "clad", as in the inhabitants were "clad" in gold and silver.Vilnay, Zev. (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VkA6-0-aDdIC&pg=PA406&dq=Kabul+Palestine&lr=&ei=_NwoSaXDIITkygTrr8igDQ#PPA407,M1 Legends of Palestine]. Kessinger Publishing, p.406.

King Solomon handed over a district in the north-west of Galilee near Tyre, containing twenty cities, to Hiram I, the king of Tyre, in repayment for his help in building Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem.{{bibleverse|1|Kings|9:13|NIV}} Hiram was not pleased with the gift, however, and called them "the land of Cabul", the name signifying "good for nothing". The writer of 1 Kings 9 says they were called by this name "to this day". Josephus interprets "Cabul" as meaning "what does not please" (in Phoenician)Antiquities, viii. 5, § 3 but doubt has been cast on this interpretation of the term.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} The Pulpit Commentary suggests they were unacceptable because "really they were mere villages".[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/1_kings/9.htm Pulpit Commentary on 1 King 9], accessed 8 October 2017

Archaeological excavations at Khirbet Rosh Zayit, located 2km northeast of modern Kabul, Israel, have revealed an Israelite settlement from the 12th century BCE, and built upon it a Phoenician fortification from the 10th century BCE. The excavator suggests that this is evidence of Solomon's transfer of the area to Tyrian control.{{Cite news|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3385415,00.html|title = שני מסלולים ביום: חורבת ראש זית וחורבת מדור|newspaper = Ynet|date = 8 April 2007|last1 = שקולניק|first1 = יעקב}}

Josephus describes Cabul as being "the place that divides the country of Ptolemais from our nation" (War II 18:503).{{cite journal |last1=Frankel|first1=Rafael|last2=Getzov|first2=Nimrod|last3=Aviam|first3=Mordechai|last4=Degani|first4=Avi|title=Settlement Dynamics and Regional Diversity in Ancient Upper Galilee (Archaeological Survey of Upper Galilee)|journal=Israel Antiquities Authority|volume=14 |pages=111 |year=2001}} The architecture of Cabul, unlike other cities of the Galilee, was similar to that of Tyre, Sidon, and Beirut. In the First Jewish–Roman War, Cabul was attacked by Cestius Gallus in 66 CE. Upon the approach of the Roman army, the inhabitants of Cabul ({{langx|el|Χαβουλών}}, translated in some English texts as Zabulon)As in The Jewish War 2.18.9 and 3.3.1. In both cases, the Greek word used for the city is Cabul or Chabulon (Gr. Χαβουλών). See: {{cite book|title=The Jewish War |last=Josephus |author-link=Josephus |publisher=William Heinemann Ltd.|volume=2 |location=London |translator=Henry St. John Thackeray |translator-link=Henry St. John Thackeray |editor-last1=Capps |editor-first1=E. |editor-last2=Page |editor-first2=T.E. |editor-last3=Rouse |editor-first3=W.H.D. |date=1927 |oclc=59817481 }}, s.v. War 2.18.9 (2.503) and War 3.3.1 (3.38) (Loeb Classical Library), where Thackeray preserves the correct transliteration. In Whiston's edition of Josephus there is a gross error in his transliteration in both places, where he writes Zabulon instead of Chabulon. Cf. {{cite book |last=Josephus | author-link=Josephus|title=The History of the War of the Jews with the Romans |publisher=Masada |editor=Jacob N. Simchoni |edition=2 |date=1968 |location=Ramat-Gan |page=565 | language=he }} had fled the city, while the soldiery were given leave to plunder and burn the city.Josephus, The Jewish War ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0148%3Abook%3D2%3Awhiston+chapter%3D18%3Awhiston+section%3D9 2.18.9]) For a time it served as Josephus' headquarters in Galilee in 67 CE.Life, 213, 227, 234

Judah and Hillel, sons of R. Gamaliel III, were received as guests in Cabul with great honor and paid a visit to a local bath.Tosefta, Shabbat 7:17; Tosefta, Moed Katan 2:15 It was the home of a Rabbi Zakkai,Jerusalem Talmud Megillah 4, 78b, etc.; Rabbi Zakkai has no relation to and lived later than Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai. and was famous for its abundance of wine and oil; it also had a synagogue and public baths. After the fall of Jerusalem, priests of the Shecaniah (Shekhanyah) family settled there.

In the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, it was the seat of a seigniory known as Cabor.Jewish Virtual Library, [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/cabul Cabul], accessed 8 October 2017

{{main|Kabul, Israel}}

In 2010, an archaeological survey of Cabul was conducted by Omar Zidan on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA).Israel Antiquities Authority, [http://www.antiquities.org.il/m_digs_eng.aspx?shana=2010 Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2010], Survey Permit # A-5956

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{{JewishEncyclopedia|article=Cabul}}

{{Crusader sites}}

{{Towns depopulated during the First Jewish–Roman War}}

Category:Hebrew Bible places

Category:Ancient Jewish settlements of Galilee

Category:Medieval sites in Israel

Category:Hiram I

Category:Solomon