Cacteae
{{Short description|Tribe of plants}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2018}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Leuchtenbergia principis.jpg
|image_caption = Leuchtenbergia principis flower
|taxon = Cacteae
|authority = Rchb.
|type_genus =Mammillaria
}}
Cacteae is a tribe of plants of the family Cactaceae found mainly in North America especially Mexico.{{cite book |title=The Cactus Primer |author1=Arthur C. Gibson |author2=Park S. Nobel |page=253 |isbn=9780674089914 |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=11 October 1990 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B1NEgtRguQMC&pg=PA253}} {{Asof|2018|August}}, the internal classification of the family Cactaceae remained uncertain and subject to change. A classification incorporating many of the insights from the molecular studies was produced by Nyffeler and Eggli in 2010.{{Cite journal |last1=Nyffeler |first1=R. |last2=Eggli |first2=U. |year=2010 |title=A farewell to dated ideas and concepts: molecular phylogenetics and a revised suprageneric classification of the family Cactaceae |journal=Schumannia |volume=6 |pages=109–149 |doi=10.5167/uzh-43285 |name-list-style=amp }} The main threats to cactus species are poaching, farming, mining developments, and climate change.{{Cite journal |last=Breslin |first=Peter B. |last2=Wojciechowski |first2=Martin F. |last3=Albuquerque |first3=Fabio |date=December 2020 |title=Projected climate change threatens significant range contraction of Cochemiea halei (Cactaceae), an island endemic, serpentine‐adapted plant species at risk of extinction |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.6914 |journal=Ecology and Evolution |language=en |volume=10 |issue=23 |pages=13211–13224 |doi=10.1002/ece3.6914 |issn=2045-7758 |pmc=7713919 |pmid=33304531}}
Description
The spherical to short columnar plants grow individually or in cushions. Their size varies from dwarf (Turbinicarpus) to huge (Ferocactus). The non-segmented shoot axis is ribbed (Echinocactus), warty (Coryphantha) or ribbed-warty. The size and shape of the warts ranges from long and leafy (Leuchtenbergia) to broad with flat axillae (Turbinicarpus). The areoles are usually oval, ribbon-like, grooved, or dimorphic. The small to medium-sized, regular to rarely bilaterally symmetrical flowers appear below the crown and open during the day. The fruits are fleshy to juicy berry-like, with a scaly to glabrous pericarp. They are bursting to non-bursting or simply crumbling. The small to large seeds vary in shape and surface structure of the seed coat.
Genera
The classification of cacti is in flux; the following list of genera is that from Nyffeler and Eggli (2010).
- Acharagma
- Ariocarpus
- Astrophytum
- Aztekium
- Cochemiea (split from Mammillaria since Nyffeler and Eggli (2010){{Citation |last1=Breslin |first1=Peter B. |last2=Wojciechowski |first2=Martin F. |last3=Majure |first3=Lucas C. |date=2021 |title=Molecular phylogeny of the Mammilloid clade (Cactaceae) resolves the monophyly of Mammillaria |journal=Taxon |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=308–323 |doi=10.1002/tax.12451 |name-list-style=amp }})
- Coryphantha
- Echinocactus
- Epithelantha
- Ferocactus
- Geohintonia
- Kadenicarpus (split from Turbinicarpus since Nyffeler and Eggli (2010){{Citation |last1=Vázquez-sánchez |first1=Monserrat |last2=Sánchez |first2=Daniel |last3=Terrazas |first3=Teresa |last4=De La Rosa-Tilapa |first4=Alejandro |last5=Arias |first5=Salvador |date=2019 |title=Polyphyly of the iconic cactus genus Turbinicarpus (Cactaceae) and its generic circumscription |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=190 |issue=4 |pages=405–420 |doi=10.1093/botlinnean/boz027 |name-list-style=amp }})
- Kroenleinia
- Leuchtenbergia
- Lophophora
- Mammillaria
- Obregonia
- Pediocactus
- Pelecyphora
- Rapicactus (split from Turbinicarpus since Nyffeler and Eggli (2010))
- Sclerocactus
- Stenocactus
- Strombocactus
- Thelocactus
- Turbinicarpus
The type genus is Mammillaria.