Calcium nitride

{{chembox

| verifiedrevid = 428740605

| ImageFile = Kristallstruktur Indiumoxid.png

| ImageSize =

| ImageCaption = Unit cell containing 31 nitride ions (white) and 48 calcium ions (red). Each nitride is surrounded by six calcium, and each calcium by four nitride ions.

| IUPACName = Calcium nitride

| OtherNames = tricalcium dinitride

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}

| CASNo = 12013-82-0

| ChemSpiderID = 10617534

| PubChem = 3387080

| EINECS = 234-592-9

| SMILES = [Ca]=N[Ca]N=[Ca]

| SMILES2 = [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[N-3].[N-3]

| SMILES3 = [Ca]=[N-].[Ca+2].[N-]=[Ca]

| InChI = InChI=1S/3Ca.2N

| InChI2 = InChI=1S/3Ca.2N/q3*+2;2*-3

| InChI3 = InChI=1S/3Ca.2N/q;;+2;2*-1

}}

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| Ca=3 | N=2

| Appearance = red-brown crystalline solid

| Density = 2.670 g/cm3
2.63 g/cm3 (17 °C)

| MeltingPtC = 1195

| BoilingPtC =

| Solubility = decomposes

}}

|Section3={{Chembox Structure

| CrystalStruct = Cubic, cI80

| SpaceGroup = Ia-3, No. 206

}}

|Section7={{Chembox Hazards

| MainHazards =

| FlashPt =

| AutoignitionPt =

}}

| Section8 = {{Chembox Related

| OtherCations = Beryllium nitride
Magnesium nitride
Strontium nitride
Barium nitride
Radium nitride
Zinc nitride
Aluminium nitride
Lithium nitride
Sodium nitride
Potassium nitride

| OtherAnions = {{ubl|Calcium fluoride|Calcium oxide}}

| OtherCompounds = {{ubl|Ammonia|Calcium amide|Calcium imide}}

}}

}}

Calcium nitride is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca3N2.{{ Cite book | title = Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry | author = Eagleson, M. | year = 1994 | publisher = Walter de Gruyter | page = [https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00eagl/page/160 160] | url = https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00eagl | url-access = registration | quote = Calcium nitride. | isbn = 3-11-011451-8 }} It exists in various forms (isomorphs), α-calcium nitride being more commonly encountered.

Structure

α-Calcium nitride adopts an anti-bixbyite structure, similar to Mn2O3, except that the positions of the ions are reversed: calcium (Ca2+) take the oxide (O2−) positions and nitride ions (N3−) the manganese (Mn3+). In this structure, Ca2+ occupies tetrahedral sites, and the nitride centres occupy two different types of octahedral sites.Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. {{ISBN|0-19-855370-6}}.

Synthesis and reactions

Calcium nitride is formed along with the oxide, CaO, when calcium burns in air. It can be produced by direct reaction of the elements: P. Ehrlich “Calcium, Strontium, Barium Nitrides Ca3N2, Sr3N2, Ba3N2” in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 940-1.

:3 Ca + N2 → Ca3N2

It reacts with water or even the moisture in air to give ammonia and calcium hydroxide:{{ cite journal | title = The Vibrational Spectra and Decomposition of α-Calcium Nitride (α-Ca3N2) and Magnesium Nitride (Mg3N2) | year = 1998 | author = Heyns, A. | journal = Journal of Solid State Chemistry | volume = 137 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–41 | doi = 10.1006/jssc.1997.7672 | bibcode = 1998JSSCh.137...33H }}

:Ca3N2 + 6 H2O → 3 Ca(OH)2 + 2 NH3

Like sodium oxide, calcium nitride absorbs hydrogen above 350 °C:

:Ca3N2 + 2 H2 → 2 CaNH + CaH2

General references

  • {{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}

References

{{reflist}}