California State Route 91
{{Short description|Highway in California}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox road
|state=CA
|type=SR
|route=91
|section=391
|map={{maplink-road|frame-height=240|from=California State Route 91.map}}
|map_custom=yes
|map_notes=SR 91 highlighted in red, with relinquished portions in pink
|length_mi=59.047
|length_notes= Portions of SR 91 have been relinquished to or are otherwise maintained by local or other governments, and are not included in the length.
|history=1930s as a highway; 1964 as number
|tourist=File:California Scenic State.svg Riverside Freeway{{Caltrans scenic|access-date=March 27, 2019}}
|direction_a=West
|terminus_a=Vermont Avenue in Gardena{{cite web|url= http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=SHC&division=1.&title=&part=&chapter=2.&article=3.|title=Article 3 of Chapter 2 of Division 1 of the California Streets and Highways Code|work=California Office of Legislative Counsel|date=February 9, 2019}}
|junction={{plainlist
|*{{Jct|state=CA|I|110}} in Los Angeles
- {{jct|state=CA|I|710}} in Long Beach
- {{jct|state=CA|SR|19}} in Bellflower
- {{Jct|state=CA|I|605}} in Cerritos
- {{jct|state=CA|I|5}} at the Buena Park–Fullerton border
- {{Jct|state=CA|SR|57}} in Anaheim
- {{Jct|state=CA|SR|55}} in Anaheim
- {{Jct|state=CA|SR-Toll|241}} in Yorba Linda
- {{Jct|state=CA|SR|71}} in Corona
- {{jct|state=CA|I|15}} in Corona
}}
|direction_b=East
|terminus_b={{jct|state=CA|I|215|SR|60}} in Riverside
|counties=Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside
|previous_type=CA
|previous_route=90
|next_type=SR
|next_route=92
}}
State Route 91 (SR 91) is a major east–west state highway in the U.S. state of California that serves several regions of the Greater Los Angeles urban area. A freeway throughout its entire length, it officially runs from Vermont Avenue in Gardena, just west of the junction with the Harbor Freeway (Interstate 110, I-110), east to Riverside at the junction with the Pomona (SR 60 west of SR 91) and Moreno Valley (SR 60 and I-215 east of SR 91) freeways.
Though signs along the portion from Vermont Avenue west to Pacific Coast Highway (SR 1) in Hermosa Beach along Artesia Boulevard are still signed as SR 91, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) no longer controls this portion of the highway, as this segment was relinquished to local jurisdictions in 2003.
SR 91 inherited its route number from the mostly decommissioned U.S. Route 91 (US 91), which passed through the Inland Empire in a northeasterly direction on its way to Las Vegas, Salt Lake City, and points beyond. Those segments of US 91 are now parallel to, or have been replaced altogether by, I-15.
Route description
From the Harbor Freeway (I-110) to its interchange with the Long Beach Freeway (I-710) in northern Long Beach, SR 91 is named the Gardena Freeway. Between the Long Beach Freeway and its interchange with the Santa Ana Freeway (I-5) in Buena Park, it is named the Artesia Freeway. From the Santa Ana Freeway to its eastern terminus at the interchange of the Pomona, Moreno Valley, and Escondido Freeways, it is named the Riverside Freeway.
Control cities on the route vary by location. Heading westbound, between SR 60/I-215 and the Orange County line, the control city is Beach Cities. With SR 241 heading towards Irvine, Laguna Beach, and the rest of south Orange County, the control city becomes Los Angeles between the Orange–Riverside county line and I-5. I-5 directs travelers to Los Angeles so between I-5 and Pioneer Boulevard, the control city is Artesia. Between Pioneer Boulevard and SR 1, the control city becomes Beach Cities again besides Carmenita Road in Cerritos, the control city is in Long Beach. Heading eastbound, the control city for the entire route is Riverside. The Beach Cities control city may have to do with SR 91's former western terminus in Hermosa Beach.
SR 91 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System,{{CAFESystem}} and is part of the National Highway System,{{FHWA NHS map|region=losangeles|access-date=October 8, 2017}}
{{FHWA NHS map|region=riverside|access-date=October 8, 2017}} a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.{{FHWA NHS}} SR 91 is part of the State Scenic Highway System from SR 55 to the east city limit of Anaheim, in the western part of the Santa Ana Canyon,{{Caltrans scenic|access-date=October 8, 2017}} and is eligible for the system through the canyon to Interstate 15.{{CA scenic}}
=Gardena Freeway=
The Gardena Freeway is a freeway in southern Los Angeles County. It is the westernmost freeway portion of State Route 91. It begins just west of the Harbor Freeway at the intersection with Vermont Avenue in the eastern edge of the city of Gardena, proceeding eastward approximately {{convert|6|mi|km|spell=in}} until it intersects the Long Beach Freeway. Thereafter, SR 91 is known as the Artesia Freeway.
Until 1991, the Gardena Freeway was known as the Redondo Beach Freeway. The name change reflected the successful efforts of the cities of Torrance and Redondo Beach to block the extension of the freeway westward to its intended terminus at the cancelled Pacific Coast Freeway in Redondo Beach. In 1997, the California government dedicated the portion of SR 91 between Alameda Street and Central Avenue to former assemblyman Willard H. Murray Jr.
=Artesia Freeway=
The Artesia Freeway is a freeway in southeastern Los Angeles County and northwestern Orange County. It runs east–west from its western terminus at the Long Beach Freeway in northern Long Beach to its eastern terminus at the Santa Ana Freeway in Buena Park. (SR 91 continues west of the Long Beach Freeway as the Gardena Freeway, and east of the Santa Ana Freeway as the Riverside Freeway.) The "Artesia Freeway" name originally was assigned to the entire length of SR 91 west of the Santa Ana Freeway in the early 1970s since it was, in sense, the freeway realignment of SR 91 from the paralleling Artesia Boulevard.
During the 1984 Summer Olympics, a {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} stretch of the highway was home to the cycling men's road team time trial event.{{cite book |author= Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee |year= 1985 |url= http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1984/1984v1pt1.pdf |title= Official Report of the Games of the XXIIIrd Olympiad Los Angeles, 1984 |publisher= Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee |volume= 1, part 1 |pages= 113–6 |isbn= 978-0-9614512-0-2 |access-date= September 5, 2010 |archive-date= November 2, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101102235952/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1984/1984v1pt1.pdf |url-status= dead }}
As the only freeway to link Los Angeles, Orange, and Riverside counties, SR 91 is one of the most heavily congested routes in Southern California.
=Riverside Freeway=
File:Route 91 Express Lanes Eastbound Entrance.jpg (left) in June 2022]]
Between the Santa Ana Freeway, Interstate 5 (I-5), in Buena Park and the 91 Freeway's eastern terminus at a junction with Interstate 215 and State Route 60 in Riverside, the 91 Freeway's assigned name is the Riverside Freeway. Past the I-215/SR 60/SR 91 junction, the Riverside Freeway continues as I-215.
The freeway through the Santa Ana Canyon is paralleled by the 91/Perris Valley Line of Metrolink. Named after SR 91, the line also connects Los Angeles to Orange and Riverside counties.
A weigh station for both directions is located between the Imperial Highway and Yorba Linda Boulevard/Weir Canyon Road exits.
In 2003, Caltrans permanently closed off the Coal Canyon Road westbound and eastbound exits and entrances for environmental purposes; however, there are still traces of unmaintained road where the former exit lay, showing evidence that the ramps still exist, available to use as runaway ramps or for emergency stops.
In 2015, Caltrans permanently closed off the Grand Boulevard eastbound exit and westbound entrance to accommodate the widening of the freeway. If the ramps had stayed open, more businesses and houses would have been demolished. The ramps were scrapped with the widening and there is no emergency exit.
The Riverside Freeway first opened in 1963 signed as U.S. Route 91 and U.S. Route 395 and the last section was built in 1975.
=91 Express Lanes=
The 91 Express Lanes are {{convert|18|mi|km|adj=on}} high-occupancy toll lanes (HOT lanes) contained entirely within the median of the Riverside Freeway in Orange and Riverside counties. The 91 Express Lanes run from the junction of SR 91 with the SR 55 Freeway (Costa Mesa Freeway) in Anaheim to its junction with I-15 in Corona. Before the extension in 2017, they ended at the Riverside County line. With the extension of the toll lanes, the HOV lane between I-15 and Green River Road was converted into a HOT lane. The primary purpose of the toll lanes is to provide a faster output for drivers due to the congestion the highway experiences during peak hours, and to promote carpooling. The toll lanes opened in 1995 and when they opened, it was the country's first fully-automated toll collection system to feature value pricing.{{Cite web | url=https://www.91expresslanes.com/general-info | title=General Info |publisher= 91 Express Lanes | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828023529/https://www.91expresslanes.com/general-info/ | archive-date=August 28, 2018 |url-status=dead}}
The 91 Express Lanes consist of two primary lanes in each direction, separated from the main lanes of the Riverside Freeway with white, {{convert|3|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}}, plastic lane markers (as opposed to concrete barriers or a similar solid barrier, or even just double white lines separating many other California HOT lanes). Entry and exit points for the 91 Express Lanes are only located at their west and east ends, and at the Orange–Riverside county line where the toll road originally terminated before 2017.{{cite web |url=https://www.91expresslanes.com/faqs/ |title= Frequently Asked Questions |publisher= 91 Express Lanes |access-date= January 12, 2025}}
{{As of|July 2024}}, the toll rates differ between the counties. In the Riverside County segment, drivers are tolled using a congestion pricing system based on the real-time levels of traffic. The Orange County segment instead uses a preset variable pricing system based on the time of day, with the highest toll rate set at $9.10 being charged at 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm eastbound on Fridays.{{cite web |url=https://www.91expresslanes.com/general-info/toll-schedules/ |title= Toll Schedules |publisher= 91 Express Lanes |date=July 1, 2024 | access-date= January 12, 2025}} Carpools with three or more people, motorcycles, and clean air vehicles are charged 50 percent of the posted toll when traveling eastbound from 4:00 pm to 6:00 pm on weekdays, and travel toll-free at all other times, if they use the designated carpool lane at the toll collection points. All tolls are collected using an open road tolling system, and therefore there are no toll booths to receive cash. Each vehicle is required to carry a FasTrak transponder. The 91 Express Lanes' system predates the introduction of the FasTrak Flex version, with a switch set to indicate the number of the vehicle's occupants, so that or the standard FasTrak tag without the switch may be used. However, carpools with three or more people, motorcycles, and clean air vehicles must still apply for a "special Access account" to receive the carpool discounts. Drivers without any FasTrak tag will be assessed a toll violation regardless of whether they qualified for the carpool discounts.
History
=Original US 91: Barstow to Nevada=
{{About|the section of U.S. Route 91 in California|the entire route|U.S. Route 91|section=yes}}
{{Infobox road small
|state=CA
|type=US
|route=91
|header_type=historic
|length_mi=
|length_round=
|length_ref=
|established={{start date|1926}}
|deleted={{end date|1974}}
|direction_a=South
|location=Long Beach to Nevada state line near Primm
}}
The Arrowhead Trail, an auto trail connecting Salt Lake City with Los Angeles, initially took a longer route via present US 95 and former US 66 between Las Vegas and Needles, as the more direct Old Spanish Trail was in very poor condition.{{cite book |author= Automobile Blue Book |year= 1917 |title= Automobile Blue Book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Mt0NAAAAYAAJ |volume= 8 |page= 501 |location= Chicago |publisher= Automobile Blue Book |via= Google Books |author-link= Automobile Blue Book }}{{cite map|author=Clason Map Company|author-link=Clason Map Company|url=http://usautotrails.com/CaliforniaPage/ClasonsCaliforniaPage/image1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916015429/http://usautotrails.com/CaliforniaPage/ClasonsCaliforniaPage/image1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 16, 2020 |title=Touring Atlas of the United States |year=1925 |publisher=Clawson Map Company }} The "Silver Lake cutoff", which would save about {{convert|90|mi|km}},{{cite news |work= Van Nuys News |title= Auto Club News |date= December 21, 1923}} p. 11 was proposed by 1920,{{cite news |work= Los Angeles Times |title= Brice Canyon, Zion Canyon National Park, Utah |date= December 26, 1920 |page= VIII1}} and completed in 1925 as an oiled road by San Bernardino County.{{cite web |first=Eric Charles |last=Nystrom |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://www.nps.gov/archive/moja/adminhist/adhi2a.htm |title=From Neglected Space to Protected Place: An Administrative History of Mojave National Preserve |date=March 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817190414/http://www.nps.gov/archive/moja/adminhist/adhi2a.htm |archive-date=August 17, 2009 }}{{cite news |work= Los Angeles Times |title= State Takes Over Cut-off to Nevada Line |date= October 25, 1925 |page= G12}} The Bureau of Public Roads and the state of Nevada both urged its inclusion in the state highway system, the former as part of the federal aid highway connecting Salt Lake City and Los Angeles,{{cite book |author1= California Highway Advisory Committee |first2= Arthur Hastings |last2= Breed |name-list-style= amp |title= Report of a Study of the State Highway System of California |publisher= California State Printing Office |year= 1925 |page= 97}} and the state legislature did that in 1925,{{cite CAstat|year=1925|ch=369|p=670}} with it becoming an extension of Route 31. (Across the state line, State Route 6 continued through Las Vegas to Arizona.) The initial plan for the U.S. Highway system simply stated that Route No. 91 would run from Las Vegas "to an intersection with Route No. 60" (which became US 66 in 1926),{{cite book |type= Report |author = Joint Board on Interstate Highways |year = 1925 |chapter = Appendix VI: Descriptions of the Interstate Routes Selected, with Numbers Assigned |chapter-url = https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Report_of_Joint_Board_on_Interstate_Highways_October_30,_1925#56 |title = Report of Joint Board on Interstate Highways, October 30, 1925, Approved by the Secretary of Agriculture, November 18, 1925 |location= Washington, DC |publisher= United States Department of Agriculture |page = 56 |id= {{OCLC|733875457|55123355|71026428}} |via = Wikisource |access-date = November 14, 2017 }} but in 1926 the cutoff was chosen, ending at US 66 at Daggett, just east of Barstow.{{cite map |author1= Bureau of Public Roads |author2= American Association of State Highway Officials |date= November 11, 1926 |title= United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials |url= https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_States_System_of_Highways_Adopted_for_Uniform_Marking_by_the_American_Association_of_State_Highway_Officials.jpg |scale= 1:7,000,000 |location= Washington, DC |publisher= United States Geological Survey |oclc= 32889555 |access-date= November 7, 2013 |via= Wikimedia Commons |name-list-style= amp}}{{cite journal |title= United States Numbered Highways |journal= American Highways |date= April 1927}} (The roadway south from Las Vegas later became part of US 95.) The route was added to the federal-aid secondary system in 1926,{{cite news |work= Los Angeles Times |title= Silver Lake Cut-off to Get Federal Aid |date= February 14, 1926 |page= G5}} which helped pay for a mid-1930s widening and paving, including some realignments (parts of the old road are now known as Arrowhead Trail). The new routing generally followed the present I-15, except through Baker (where it used Baker Boulevard) and into Barstow (where it followed former SR 58 to First Avenue, ending at Main Street, which carried US 66).{{cite map|author=United States Geological Survey|author-link=United States Geological Survey|url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/CA/CA_125k/ |title=Barstow |year=1934 |scale=1:125000 |location=Reston, VA |publisher=United States Geological Survey }} {{cite map|author=United States Geological Survey |url=http://cricket.csuchico.edu/spcfotos/maps/topo_search.html |title=Avawatz Mountains |year=1933 |scale=1:250000 |location=Reston, VA |publisher=United States Geological Survey }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{cite map|author=United States Geological Survey |url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/CA/CA_125k/ |title=Ivanpah |year=1942 |scale=1:250000 |location=Reston, VA |publisher=United States Geological Survey }}
=SR 18: former extension of US 91 through Santa Ana Canyon to Long Beach=
US 91 was extended southwest to Long Beach in the late 1940s.{{cite map |author= Rand McNally |author-link= Rand McNally |url= http://www.broermapsonline.org/members/NorthAmerica/UnitedStates/Southwest/randmcnally_ra_1946_019.html |title= Road Atlas |year= 1946 |location= Chicago |publisher= Rand McNally}} Beginning at Barstow, the extension overlapped US 66 over Cajon Pass to San Bernardino. From San Bernardino west through Riverside and Santa Ana Canyon to Olive, the state took over a mostly paved county highway{{cite book |first= Ben |last= Blow |title= California Highways: A Descriptive Record of Road Development by the State and by Such Counties as Have Paved Highways |year= 1920 |url= https://archive.org/details/californiahighwa00blowrich |via= Archive.org |pages= [https://archive.org/details/californiahighwa00blowrich/page/194 194]–195, 200}} in 1931 as part of an extension of Route 43 to Newport Beach via Santa Ana.{{cite CAstat|year=1931|ch=82|p=102}} "State Highway Route 43, Waterman canyon via Santa Ana canyon to Newport Beach." Two branches leading west from Route 43 near Olive along mostly constructed county roads were added in 1933: Route 175 along Orangethorpe Avenue and Artesia Boulevard from near the mouth of the canyon west to Route 60 (now SR 1) in Hermosa Beach (unconstructed through Compton until the mid-1950s{{cite map |author= H.M. Gousha Company |author-link= H.M. Gousha Company |url= http://members.cox.net/mkpl5/hist2/LA-1941.jpg |title= Los Angeles and Vicinity |year= 1941 |publisher= H.M. Gousha Company |access-date= February 9, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110629040400/http://members.cox.net/mkpl5/hist2/LA-1941.jpg |archive-date= June 29, 2011 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}National Bridge Inventory database, 2006: the bridge over Compton Creek and Alameda Street is dated 1956.{{full citation needed|date=October 2015}}), and Route 178 along Lincoln Avenue and Carson Street from Olive west to Route 168 (now SR 19) in Lakewood.{{cite CAstat|year=1933|ch=767|p=2040}} "State Highway Route 60 near Hermosa Beach to State Highway Route 43 in Santa Ana Canyon via Artesia Avenue." "Cerritos Avenue to State Highway Route 43 near Olive via Anaheim."{{cite CAstat|year=1935|ch=29|p=277, 278, 286}} "Route 31 is from: (a) San Bernardino to the Nevada State line near Calada, via Barstow. (b) Route 26 near Colton to Route 9 near San Bernardino via Mt. Vernon Avenue." "Route 43 is from Newport Beach to Route 31 at Victorville, via Santa Ana Canyon, San Bernardino, Waterman Canyon, "Crest Drive" into Bear Valley, Big Bear Lake and Baldwin Lake. Route 43 includes a highway around Big Bear Lake." "Route 175 is from Route 60 near Hermosa Beach to Route 43 in Santa Ana Canyon via Artesia Avenue." "Route 178 is from Cerritos Avenue to Route 43 near Olive via Anaheim." When state routes were marked in 1934, Route 175 became Sign Route 14, and Sign Route 18 included all of Route 178 and most of Route 43 into the San Bernardino Mountains.{{cite map |author= Rand McNally & Company |url= http://members.cox.net/mkpl2/hist/droz-laca33n.jpg |title= Los Angeles & Vicinity |year= 1933 |location= Chicago |publisher= Rand McNally & Company |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110726002930/http://members.cox.net/mkpl2/hist/droz-laca33n.jpg |archive-date= July 26, 2011 }}{{cite map |author= H.M. Gousha Company |url= http://www.socalregion.com/highways/maps/1935-los-angeles/ |title= Los Angeles and Vicinity |year= 1935 |publisher= h.M. Gousha Company}} When US 91 was extended to Long Beach, it overlapped SR 18 from San Bernardino to Lakewood, where it turned south along SR 19 to the Los Alamitos Traffic Circle. There it turned west along US 101 Alternate to near downtown Long Beach, where it ended at SR 15 (Atlantic Avenue), at a terminus shared with US 6. (This routing along SR 19 and US 101 Alt. also became an extension of SR 18.){{cite map |author= H.M. Gousha Company |url= http://members.cox.net/mkpl2/hist/map-ca1955-la.jpg |title= Enlarged Map of the Los Angeles District |year= 1955 |publisher= H.M. Gousha Company |access-date= November 29, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110726003121/http://members.cox.net/mkpl2/hist/map-ca1955-la.jpg |archive-date= July 26, 2011 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}{{cite map |author= H.M. Gousha Company |url= http://geocities.com/usend3039/LongBeach/map_LB-1953.jpg |title= Long Beach |year= 1953 |publisher= H.M. Gousha Company |access-date= July 5, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091027185444/http://geocities.com/usend3039/LongBeach/map_LB-1953.jpg |archive-date= October 27, 2009 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}
In 1935, the state improved the alignment between Fairmont Boulevard and Gypsum Canyon Road, including a bypass of the old road, which curved along the south slope of the canyon, east of Weir Canyon Road.{{cite news |work= Los Angeles Times |title= Old Canyon Road Now Being Improved |date= April 21, 1935 |page= E4}} In the late 1930s, the Prado Dam project resulted in the bypassing of a longer section, replacing Prado Road, an abandoned road curving to the east end of the dam, Pomona Rincon Road, Auto Center Drive, Pomona Road, and Yorba Street with the present Green River Road, Palisades Drive, part of SR 91, and 6th Street.{{cite map |author= United States Geological Survey |url= http://maps.csuchico.edu:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?browser=win_ie&cat=Maps&item=/CA_2610.sid&wid=520&hei=500&style=default/view.xsl |title= Prado |scale= 1:31680 |year= 1933 |location= Reston, VA |publisher= United States Geological Survey |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120209133916/http://maps.csuchico.edu:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?browser=win_ie&cat=Maps&item=%2FCA_2610.sid&wid=520&hei=500&style=default%2Fview.xsl |archive-date= February 9, 2012 }} "routes usually traveled" as of 1941{{cite map |author= United States Geological Survey |url= http://maps.csuchico.edu:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?browser=win_ie&cat=Maps&item=/CA_866.sid&wid=520&hei=500&style=default/view.xsl |title= Corona and Vicinity |scale= 1:31680 |year= 1933 |location= Reston, VA |publisher= United States Geological Survey |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120209133757/http://maps.csuchico.edu:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?browser=win_ie&cat=Maps&item=%2FCA_866.sid&wid=520&hei=500&style=default%2Fview.xsl |archive-date= February 9, 2012 }} "routes usually traveled" as of 1941
=SR 14: present SR 91 to Hermosa Beach=
Before the present freeway was constructed, SR 14 ran along Gould Avenue, Redondo Beach Boulevard, Compton Boulevard, Alameda Street, Artesia Avenue, La Habra Boulevard, Firestone Boulevard and Orangethorpe Avenue.{{cite map |url=http://www.socalregion.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/los_angeles_1939.jpg |title=Map of Los Angeles and Vicinity |year=1939}}{{full citation needed|date=October 2015}} In the 1964 renumbering, SR 14 was renumbered to SR 91.
Prior to 1991, the Gardena Freeway was known as the Redondo Beach Freeway, referring to Caltrans's original intention for the freeway portion of the route to continue all the way to the never-built Pacific Coast Freeway.
Before 1997, Caltrans controlled maintenance of SR 91 up to State Route 1 in Hermosa Beach. The portion between Vermont Avenue and Western Avenue was relinquished to Gardena in 1997. In 2003, the western portion, from SR 1 to Western Avenue, was relinquished to the cities that the road goes through.
The first segment of the freeway was built in 1965 as US 91, and the last segment was built in 1975. Despite the relinquishments, however, Artesia Boulevard between I-110 and SR 1 is still signed off as SR 91.
=Construction of the 91 Express Lanes=
Due to rapid population growth and the decline in the availability of affordable housing closer to job centers in Orange County, new residential development began in earnest in western Riverside County from the 1980s through today. This development is occurring in or around existing cities such as Riverside, Corona, Moreno Valley, Lake Elsinore, Murrieta, and Temecula. This development also led to the incorporation of the cities of Wildomar, Menifee, Eastvale, and Jurupa Valley.
As there are very few direct routes between Orange and Riverside counties because of the Santa Ana Mountains that separate them, the Riverside Freeway is subject to high traffic volumes, composed primarily of commuters traveling between their jobs in Orange County and their homes in Riverside County (often referred to by traffic reporters as "The Corona Crawl").{{cite web |first= Brian J. |last= McCabe |date= October 2004|title= Hot or Not: Are New Toll Lanes a Fair Price to Pay for Driving?
|url= http://www.americancity.org/article.php?id_article=20 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080210002931/http://americancity.org/article.php?id_article=20 |archive-date=February 10, 2008 |work= The Next American City}} Typical peak period delays were 30–40 minutes in each direction in the {{convert|10|mi|km|spell=in}} of the tollway before construction.{{cite web |url= http://ceenve.calpoly.edu/sullivan/SR91/final_rpt/execsumm.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061126073118/http://ceenve.calpoly.edu/sullivan/SR91/final_rpt/execsumm.pdf |archive-date= November 26, 2006 |title= Evaluating the Impacts of the SR 91 Variable-Toll Express Lane Facility Final Report |date= May 1998 }}{{full citation needed|date=October 2015}}
Solutions to the traffic problem were limited. The chosen solution was to create a toll road in the median of the freeway. This original section of the 91 Express Lanes operated between the Costa Mesa Freeway (SR 55) interchange in eastern Anaheim and the Orange–Riverside county line, a distance of about {{convert|10|mi|km}}. The project was developed in partnership with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) by California Private Transportation Company (CPTC), which formally transferred ownership of the facility to the State of California prior to opening the project to traffic on December 27, 1995. Caltrans then leased the toll road back to CPTC for a 35-year operating period. The new lanes have been officially designated a part of the state highway system.{{cite news |url= http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2005/12/26/news/californian/122505203232.txt |title= Highway 91 Toll Lanes Turn 10 |work= The Californian / North County Times |date= December 26, 2005 |access-date= September 24, 2011}} The California Highway Patrol (CHP) is responsible for providing police services at CPTC's expense. Maintenance and operational costs for the facility are also the responsibility of CPTC.
In April 2002, the Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA) reached an agreement in concept to purchase the private toll road project for $207.5 million. The OCTA took possession of the toll road on January 3, 2003, marking the first time the 91 Express Lanes was managed by public officials. Within a few months, OCTA turned the lanes into the HOT / tollway hybrid that it is today.{{cite web |author= Orange County Transportation Authority |date= March 12, 2007 |url= http://www.octa.net/presentation/031207/91lanes.pdf |title= 91 Express Lanes History |publisher= Orange County Transportation Authority |access-date= October 9, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070928062449/http://www.octa.net/presentation/031207/91lanes.pdf |archive-date= September 28, 2007}} One of the primary investors in CPTC, Cofiroute USA, continues to manage and operate the lanes under a management contract with OCTA.{{cite book |author= Orange County Transportation Authority |year=2007 |title= The Amazing True Tales from the 91 Express Lanes |type= Annual report |url= http://www.octa.net/91annual07b/test.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120324085527/http://www.octa.net/91annual07b/test.pdf |archive-date= March 24, 2012 |publisher= Orange County Transportation Authority}}
Opening in 1995, the 91 Express Lanes was the first privately funded tollway built in the United States since the 1940s, and the first fully automated tollway in the world.
The express lanes have been controversial because of a non-compete agreement that the state made with CPTC. The clause, which was negotiated by Caltrans and never was brought to the legislature, prevented any improvements along {{convert|30|mi|km}} of the Riverside Freeway to ensure profit for the express lanes. This includes restricting the state from widening the free lanes or building mass transit near the freeway. CPTC filed a lawsuit against Caltrans over freeway widening related to the interchange with the Eastern Transportation Corridor, which was dismissed once the purchase with OCTA was finalized.{{cite journal |first= Willard T. |last= Price |title= An Odyssey of Privatizing Highways: The Evolving Case of SR 91 |volume= 5 |issue= 4 |page= 259 |journal= Public Works Management & Policy |date= April 2001 |doi= 10.1177/1087724X0154001 |s2cid= 154129775 }} Following the settlement, an additional lane was added for a {{convert|5|mi|km|adj=on}} segment eastbound from SR 241 to SR 71.
However, as a result of the controversy, more toll road advocates favor creating local agencies similar to transportation corridor agencies to build and maintain future tollways. New toll roads would be financed with tax-exempt bonds on a stand-alone basis, meaning that taxpayers would not be responsible for repaying any debt if toll revenues fall short. Also, there would be a less restrictive non-compete clause: they would be compensated only for any revenue loss caused by improvements near the toll roads.{{cite web | title = Alternatives to Non-Compete Clauses in Toll Development Agreements | author1 = K. R. Persad | author2 = C. M. Walton | author3 = J. Wilke | publisher = Center for Transportation Research | date = October 2005 | url = https://ctr.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubs/0_5020_1.pdf}}
In the mid-2010s, the Riverside County Transportation Commission extended the 91 Express Lanes east from their previous terminus at the Orange–Riverside county line to the I-15 interchange in Corona; this extension opened to traffic on March 20, 2017.{{cite web |url= http://sr91project.info/home.php |title= SR 91 Fast-Forward Project |publisher= Riverside County Transportation Commission |access-date= May 26, 2017}} Both Orange and Riverside County transportation agencies co-manage the 91 Express Lanes.{{cite news |url= http://www.ocregister.com/articles/lanes-332894-express-county.html |title= 91 Toll Lanes Could Be Extended to Corona |author-first1=Alejandra|author-last1=Molina|work=The Orange Country Register |date= August 21, 2013 |access-date= July 9, 2015}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-california-commute-20150804-story.html|title=On 91 Freeway, a $2-billion effort to keep up with increasing traffic|last=Weikel|first=Dan|date=August 4, 2015|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|access-date=June 5, 2016}}
Future
In 2005, evaluations were made about the feasibility of constructing two tunnels through the Santa Ana Mountains which could carry 72,000 cars per day and allow for a commuter rail service between Corona and Irvine. The financial and technical evaluations found that in the current financial environment, building the tunnels would not be financially or technologically feasible. Additional study of the Irvine Corona Expressway tunnel project has been deferred until such time as financial considerations improve and/or technological advancements warrant reexamination.{{cite web|author1=Orange County Transportation Authority |author2=Riverside County Transportation Commission |name-list-style=amp |url=http://www.octa.net/ice.aspx |publisher=Orange County Transportation Authority |title=Irvine-Corona Expressway |access-date=October 9, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010145914/http://octa.net/ice.aspx |archive-date=October 10, 2012 }} If built, the Irvine-Corona Expressway would follow a similar route to the 91 Freeway and is designed to reduce the growing traffic congestion on SR 91 that prompted the construction of the 91 Express Lanes. If completed, the Irvine-Corona Expressway is projected to be the longest traffic tunnel in North America, approximately {{convert|11.5|mi|km}}. One tunnel would be a reversible two-lane freeway for autos and trucks, the direction reversed based on time of day. It would carry westbound traffic in the morning hours, and eastbound traffic during the afternoon and early evening hours. The second tunnel would be slated exclusively for light rail commuter train service. The proposed tunnels are opposed by environmental groups, cities in Orange County near the terminus of the proposed road, and by the Irvine Company, which believes that the tunnel is not necessary and distracts from short-term solutions such as freeway widening.{{cite news |url= http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2005/12/13/news/californian/121205212424.txt |title= Orange County OKs More Study of Tunnel |work= The Californian / North County Times |date= December 13, 2005 |access-date= September 24, 2011}}
Numerous other projects by the Orange County Transportation Authority are currently underway or in the planning phases for distant completion, some as far out as the year 2030.{{cite web |author= Orange County Transportation Authority |year= 2008 |title= A Better 91 |url= http://www.octa.net/abetter91.aspx |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090210212747/http://www.octa.net/abetter91.aspx |archive-date= February 10, 2009 |publisher= Orange County Transportation Authority}}
Exit list
{{CAinttop|exit|post_ref=
{{Caltrans bridgelog|date=July 2007}}{{cite web|author=California Department of Transportation |publisher=California Department of Transportation |url=http://traffic-counts.dot.ca.gov/2006all.htm |title=All Traffic Volumes on CSHS |year=2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721033203/http://traffic-counts.dot.ca.gov/2006all.htm |archive-date=July 21, 2011 }}{{cite web |author= California Department of Transportation |publisher= California Department of Transportation |url= http://traffic-counts.dot.ca.gov/1999all.htm |title= All Traffic Volumes on CSHS |year= 1999 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120209171824/http://traffic-counts.dot.ca.gov/1999all.htm |archive-date= February 9, 2012 }} (the last year before it was updated to remove the relinquished part)|exit_ref=
{{cite web |first= AS |last= Chand |date= September 16, 2016 |publisher= California Department of Transportation |work= California Numbered Exit Uniform System |url= http://www.dot.ca.gov/trafficops/exit/docs/91.pdf |title= SR 91 |access-date= October 8, 2017 }}
}}
{{CAint|exit
|county=Los Angeles
|cspan=31
|county_note=LA 0.00-R20.74
|location1=Hermosa Beach
|location2=Redondo Beach
|lspan=2
|pmspan=2
|exit=
|espan=6
|road=Gould Avenue
|notes=Continuation beyond SR 1
}}
{{CAint
|mile=none
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|1|name1=Pacific Coast Highway, Sepulveda Boulevard}}
|notes=Original western terminus of SR 91
}}
{{CAint
|location1=Lawndale
|location2=Redondo Beach
|type=
|road={{Jct|state=CA|road|Redondo Beach Boulevard|I|405|to2=1|dir2=north|road|Hawthorne Boulevard north}}
|notes=
}}
{{CAint
|location1=Redondo Beach
|location2=Torrance
|type=incomplete
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|107|name1=Hawthorne Boulevard}}
|notes=No left turn eastbound
}}
{{CAint
|location=Torrance
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|405|name1=San Diego Freeway|city1=Long Beach|city2=Santa Monica}}
|notes=Interchange; former SR 7 south; I-405 north exit 40, south exit 40A
}}
{{CAint
|location1=Gardena
|location2=Los Angeles
|type=trans
|postmile=6.01
|road=Vermont Avenue
|notes=West end of state maintenance; west end of Gardena Freeway{{cite web |author= California Department of Transportation |year= 2014 |title= Named Freeways, Highways, Structures and Other Appurtenances in California |url= http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/tsip/hseb/products/Named_Freeways_Final.pdf |publisher= California Department of Transportation |access-date= June 20, 2015}}
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Los Angeles
|postmile=R6.34
|exit=6
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|110|name1=Harbor Freeway|city1=San Pedro|city2=Los Angeles|to2=to|I|405}}
|notes=No exit number eastbound; exits to I-110 south provide direct access to I-405; I-110 north exits 10A-B, south exit 10
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Carson
|lspan=2
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R6.90
|exit=7A
|road=Main Street
|notes=No westbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R7.43
|exit=7B
|road=Avalon Boulevard
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location1=Carson
|location2=Compton
|postmile=R8.44
|exit=8
|road=Central Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Compton
|lspan=3
|postmile=R9.16
|exit=9
|road=Wilmington Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R9.80
|exit=10A
|road=Acacia Avenue
|notes=Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R10.27
|postmile2=R10.41
|exit=10
|road=Santa Fe Avenue, Alameda Street (SR 47 south)
|notes=Signed as exits 10B (Alameda Street) and 10C (Santa Fe Avenue) eastbound; no westbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Long Beach
|lspan=6
|postmile=R11.10
|exit=11
|road=Long Beach Boulevard
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R11.68
|exit=12A
|type=trans
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|710|dir1=south|name1=Long Beach Freeway|city1=Long Beach}}
|notes=Signed as exit 12A westbound; I-710 exits 8A-B; east end of Gardena Freeway; west end of Artesia Freeway
|nspan=2
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=trans
|postmile=R11.68
|exit=12B
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|710|dir1=north|name1=Long Beach Freeway|city1=Pasadena}}
|notes=none
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R12.09
|exit=12C
|road=Atlantic Avenue
|notes=Signed as exit 12B westbound; former SR 15
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R13.09
|exit=13
|road=Cherry Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R13.59
|exit=14A
|road=Paramount Boulevard
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location1=Long Beach
|location2=Bellflower
|postmile=R14.10
|exit=14B
|road=Downey Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Bellflower
|lspan=3
|postmile=R14.62
|exit=15A
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|19|name1=Lakewood Boulevard}}
|notes=Signed as exit 15 eastbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R15.11
|exit=15B
|road=Clark Avenue
|notes=Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R15.61
|exit=16
|road=Bellflower Boulevard
|notes=Former Legislative Route 169
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Cerritos
|lspan=2
|postmile=R16.94
|exit=17
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|605|name1=San Gabriel River Freeway}}
|notes=Signed as exit 17B westbound; I-605 exit 7A
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R17.09
|exit=17A
|road=Studebaker Road
|notes=Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Artesia
|postmile=R18.09
|exit=18
|road=Pioneer Boulevard
|notes=Former SR 35
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Cerritos
|lspan=5
|postmile=R18.65
|exit=19A
|road=Norwalk Boulevard
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R19.17
|postmile2=R19.43
|exit=19B
|road=Bloomfield Avenue, Artesia Boulevard
|notes=No eastbound entrance; Artesia Boulevard not signed eastbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R19.81
|exit=19C
|road=Shoemaker Avenue
|notes=Eastbound exit and eastbound entrance, both via Park Plaza Drive
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R20.16
|exit=—
|road=183rd Street
|notes=Westbound entrance only
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R20.45
|exit=20
|road=Carmenita Road
|notes=Exits only; eastbound entrance is via Orangethrope Avenue; westbound entrance is via 183rd Street
}}
{{CAint|exit
|county=Orange
|cspan=28
|county_note=ORA R0.00-R18.91
|location1=La Palma
|location2=Buena Park
|postmile=R0.49
|postmile2=R0.85
|exit=21
|road=Orangethorpe Avenue, Valley View Street
|notes=Signed as exit 22 westbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Buena Park
|lspan=2
|postmile=R1.84
|exit=23A
|road=Knott Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R2.62
|exit=23B
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|39|name1=Beach Boulevard}}
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location1=Buena Park
|location2=Fullerton
|lspan=2
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R3.64
|exit=24
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|5|dir1=south|name1=Santa Ana Freeway|city1=Santa Ana}}
|notes=Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; I-5 north exit 113C
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=hov
|postmile=none
|exit=♦
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|5|dir1=south}}
|notes=HOV access only; eastbound exit and westbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=trans
|location=Fullerton
|lspan=2
|postmile=none
|place=East end of Artesia Freeway; west end of Riverside Freeway
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R3.73
|exit=23C
|road={{Jct|state=CA|road|Magnolia Avenue, Orangethorpe Avenue|to2=yes|I|5}}
|notes=Eastbound exit is part of exit 24; Orangethorpe Avenue not signed eastbound; provides access to I-5 southbound from the westbound 91 and to I-5 northbound from the eastbound 91
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location1=Anaheim
|location2=Fullerton
|lspan=5
|type=hov
|postmile=none
|exit=♦
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|5|dir1=north}}
|notes=HOV access only; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R3.85
|exit=24
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|5|dir1=north|name1=Santa Ana Freeway|city1=Los Angeles}}
|notes=Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; I-5 south exit 114B
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=1.23
|exit=26
|road=Brookhurst Street
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=2.23
|exit=27
|road=Euclid Street
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=3.26
|postmile2=3.51
|exit=28
|road=Harbor Boulevard, Lemon Street, Anaheim Boulevard
|notes=Harbor Boulevard was former SR 72
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Anaheim
|lspan=11
|postmile=4.26
|exit=29
|road=East Street, Raymond Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=5.26
|exit=30A
|road=State College Boulevard
|notes=Signed as exit 30 westbound; former SR 250
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=hov
|postmile=none
|exit=♦
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|57|dir1=North}}
|notes=HOV access only; eastbound exit and westbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=6.12
|exit=30B
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|57|name1=Orange Freeway|city1=Santa Ana|city2=Pomona}}
|notes=Signed as exit 31 westbound; SR 57 exits 5A-B
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=7.36
|exit=31
|road=Kraemer Boulevard, Glassell Street
|notes=Signed as exit 32 westbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=8.40
|exit=33
|road=Tustin Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=none
|type=etc
|exit=—
|road=91 Express Lanes
|notes=West end of 91 Express Lanes
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R9.19
|exit=34
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|55|dir1=south|name1=Costa Mesa Freeway|city1=Newport Beach}}
|notes=Left exit westbound; SR 55 north exits 18A-B
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=etc
|postmile=none
|exit=—
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|55|dir1=south}}
|notes=Express Lanes access only; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R10.09
|exit=35
|road=Lakeview Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R11.54
|exit=36
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|90|dir1=west|name1=Imperial Highway}}
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location1=Anaheim
|location2=Yorba Linda
|lspan=5
|postmile=R14.43
|exit=39
|road=Weir Canyon Road, Yorba Linda Boulevard
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=toll
|postmile=R15.93
|pmspan=2
|exit=40
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR-Toll|241|dir1=south|name1=Eastern Toll Road|city1=Irvine}}
|notes=Signed as exit 41B westbound; SR 241 north exits 39A-B
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=unbuilt
|mile=none
|exit=—
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR-Toll|241|dir1=south}}
|notes=Express Lanes access only; westbound exit and eastbound entrance; scheduled to be completed by 2027{{cite web|url=https://www.irvinestandard.com/2023/regional-improvements-making-headway|title=Regional improvements making headway|work=Irvine Standard|last=Berg|first=Tom|date=August 1, 2023|access-date=November 9, 2024}}
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R16.40
|exit=41
|road=Gypsum Canyon Road
|notes=Signed as exit 41A westbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=closed
|postmile=R17.95
|exit=42
|road=Coal Canyon Road
|notes=Closed in 2003 for environmental reasons{{cite news |title= Wildlife Highway Under Busy 91 Freeway Links Vital Habitats |first= Janet |last= Wilson |work= Los Angeles Times |date= April 19, 2004 |page=B1 }}
}}
{{CAint|exit
|county=Riverside
|cspan=26
|county_note=RIV R0.00-21.66
|location=Corona
|lspan=11
|postmile=R1.03
|exit=44
|road=Green River Road
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R2.09
|exit=45
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|71|dir1=north|name1=Chino Valley Freeway|city1=Ontario|city2=Pomona}}
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R3.71
|exit=47
|road=Serfas Club Drive, Auto Center Drive
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=4.16
|exit=48
|road=Maple Street, West Sixth Street
|notes=Former US 91 / SR 71 south
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=5.38
|exit=49
|road=Lincoln Avenue
|notes=Formerly exit 49A eastbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=closed
|postmile=6.02
|exit=49B
|road=Grand Boulevard
|notes=Closed in 2015 due to freeway widening{{cite web|url=http://sr91project.info/project-segments/lincoln-avenue-to-grand-boulevard/view/b|title=Lincoln Avenue to Grand Boulevard|date=April 22, 2024 }}
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=6.34
|exit=50
|road=Main Street
|notes=Former SR 31
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=etc
|postmile=7.45
|pmspan=3
|exit=—
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I-Express|15}}
|notes=Express Lanes access only; eastbound exit and westbound entrance; exit to I-15 south express lanes opened in 2017 and exit to I-15 north express lanes opened in 2023{{cite web |title=I-15 To 91 Interchange Express Lanes Open At Last: What To Know |url=https://patch.com/california/lakeelsinore-wildomar/i-15-91-interchange-express-lanes-open-last-what-know |website=Lake Elsinore-Wildomar Patch |date=November 21, 2023 |publisher=Patch Media |access-date=November 22, 2023}}
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=etc
|mile=none
|exit=—
|road=91 Express Lanes
|notes=East end of 91 Express Lanes; opened in 2017
}}
{{CAint|exit
|mile=none
|exit=51
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|15|name1=Ontario Freeway|city1=Barstow|city2=Ontario|city3=San Diego}}
|notes=I-15 north exit 96, south exits 96A-B
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=9.18
|exit=53
|road=McKinley Street
|notes=Signed as exits 53A (south) and 53B (north) westbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Riverside
|lspan=15
|type=incomplete
|postmile=10.81
|exit=54
|road=Pierce Street, Riverwalk Parkway
|notes=Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=11.10
|exit=55A
|road=Magnolia Avenue
|notes=Former US 91
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=11.99
|exit=55B
|road=La Sierra Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=13.04
|exit=56
|road=Tyler Street
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=14.08
|exit=58
|road=Van Buren Boulevard
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=15.63
|exit=59
|road=Adams Street, Auto Center Drive
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=16.65
|exit=60
|road=Madison Street
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=17.82
|exit=61
|road=Arlington Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=18.41
|exit=62
|road=Central Avenue, Riverside Plaza Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=20.00
|exit=63
|road=14th Street
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=20.45
|postmile2=20.53
|exit=64
|road=University Avenue, Mission Inn Avenue – Downtown Riverside
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=21.47
|exit=65A
|road=Spruce Street
|notes=Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; westbound exit and entrance via Poplar Street, and eastbound exit and entrance via La Cadena Drive, demolished in 2005 due to reconstruction
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=21.66
|pmspan=3
|exit=65B
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|215|name1=Escondido Freeway|dir1=south|SR|60|dir2=east|name2=Moreno Valley Freeway|city1=San Diego|city2=Indio}}
|notes=Eastern terminus; I-215 was former I-15E / US 91 north / US 395; SR 60 east exit 53A; I-215 north exit 34B; Riverside Freeway north follows I-215 north
|nspan=3
}}
{{CAint|exit
|mile=none
|exit=65C
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|60|dir1=west|name1=Pomona Freeway|city1=Los Angeles}}
|notes=none
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=trans
|mile=none
|exit=—
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|215|dir1=north|name1=Riverside Freeway north|city1=San Bernardino}}
|notes=none
}}
{{jctbtm|col=6|keys=closed,etc,hov,incomplete,trans,unbuilt}}
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
See also
- {{portal-inline|California Roads}}
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
{{commons category|California State Route 91}}
{{AttachedKML|display=title,inline}}
{{CASR external links|SR|91}}
- {{official website|http://www.91expresslanes.com/|name=91 Express Lanes official website}}
- [http://www.aaroads.com/california/ca-091.html California @ AARoads - California 91]
- [http://www.cahighways.org/089-096.html#091 California Highways: SR 91]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20150507032231/http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist8/projects/riverside/6091215/index.htm 60/91/215 Improvement Project]
- [http://www.asphaltplanet.ca/CA/CA/91/index.html California Highway 91 @ Asphaltplanet.ca]
{{compact state detail browse|type=US|route=91|statebefore=Terminus
(historical)|statebeforelink=no|state=California
(historical)|stateafter=Nevada
(historical)|stateafterlink=no}}
{{1984 Summer Olympic venues}}
{{Olympic venues cycling}}
Category:Venues of the 1984 Summer Olympics