Calouste Gulbenkian Museum

File:Gulbenkian rembrandt.jpg; 1645.]]

File:Portrait of a Young Woman - Domenico GhirlandaioFXD.jpg; Domenico Ghirlandaio, c. 1490.]]

The permanent exhibition and galleries are distributed chronologically and in geographical order to create two independent circuits within the overall tour.

The first circuit highlights Greco-Roman art from classical antiquity, as well as art from the ancient Near East and the Nile Valley. Among the artworks are ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Persian,Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian (1972) and Armenian pieces, as well as Persian art from the Islamic period.

The second circuit includes European art, with sections dedicated to the art of the book, sculpture, painting and the decorative arts, particularly 18th century French art and the work of René Lalique. In this circuit, a wide-ranging number of pieces reflect various European artistic trends from the beginning of the 11th century to the mid-20th century. The section begins with works in ivory and illuminated manuscript books, followed by a selection of 15th, 16th and 17th century sculptures and paintings. Renaissance art produced in the Netherlands, Flanders, France and Italy is on display in the next room.

French 18th century decorative art has a special place in the museum, with outstanding gold and silver objects and furniture, as well as paintings and sculptures. This section is followed by galleries exhibiting a large group of paintings by the Venetian Francesco Guardi, 18th and 19th century English paintings, and finally a superb collection of jewels and glass by René Lalique, displayed in its own room.

Some of the works in the collection were bought during the Soviet sale of Hermitage paintings. Of about 6000 items in the museum's collections, a selection of around 1000 is on permanent exhibition. Gulbenkian's motto was "only the best"; hence the museum has masterpieces by western European artists such as Domenico Ghirlandaio, Rubens, Rembrandt, Rodin, Carpeaux, Houdon, Renoir, Dierick Bouts, Vittore Carpaccio, Cima da Conegliano, Van Dyck, Corot, Degas, Nattier, George Romney, Stefan Lochner, Maurice-Quentin de La Tour, Édouard Manet, Henri Fantin-Latour, Claude Monet, Jean-François Millet, Sir Edward Burne-Jones, Thomas Gainsborough, Joseph Mallord William Turner, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Giovanni Battista Moroni, Frans Hals, Ruisdael, Boucher, Largillière, Andrea della Robbia, Pisanello, Jean-Baptiste Pigalle, Antonio Rossellino, André-Charles Boulle

,{{cite web|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63480935/f148.image.r=Boulle?rk=128756;0|title=Death of André-Charles Boulle|date=March 1732 |publisher=Mercure de France}}{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/entity/m087q0f|title=The French cabinetmaker who is generally considered to be the preeminent artist in the field of marquetry, even "the most remarkable of all French cabinetmakers."|publisher= Google Arts and Culture}}{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}{{cite web|url=https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/getty-museum/getty-decorative-arts/a/masters-of-marquetry-in-the-17th-century-boulle|title=Masters of marquetry in the 17th century: Boulle|publisher=Khanacademy|access-date=2017-11-30|archive-date=2020-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308163544/https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/getty-museum/getty-decorative-arts/a/masters-of-marquetry-in-the-17th-century-boulle|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://www.pinterest.com.mx/pin/386254105516318057/|title=André-Charles Boulle - Inlay|publisher= Pinterest}}Theodore Dell, The Frick Collection, V: Furniture in the Frick Collection (1992:187). Charles Cressent, Oeben, Riesener, Antoine-Sébastien Durand, Charles Spire, Jean Deforges, François-Thomas Germain.

Gulbenkian's Centro de Arte Moderna (CAM) also actively commissions and collects works to add to its holdings, today numbering 12,000 pieces.José da Silva (18 November 2024), [https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/11/18/lisbons-museum-scene-booms-as-new-and-revamped-institutions-are-unveiled Lisbon’s museum scene booms as new and revamped institutions are unveiled] The Art Newspaper.

File:Museo gulbekian, sala del mobilio francese.jpg collection.]]

Vasco Maria Eugénio de Almeida acquired part of the Parque de Santa Gertrudes, in April 1957, for the construction of the Foundation buildings and public/private park. Two years later, a competition was launched for a project to construct the organization's headquarters.{{citation |last=Bandeira |first=Filomena |title=Sede e Museu da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian / Centro de Arte Moderna (IPA.00007810/PT031106230480) |url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=7810 |year=1998 |editor=SIPA |location=Lisbon, Portugal |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico |language=pt |access-date=16 February 2016}} It was eventually won by the team that included architects Alberto J. Pessoa, Pedro Cid and Ruy Jervis d'Athouguia (1917-2006), in addition to the landscaping architects António Viana Barreto and Gonçalo Ribeiro Telles, who were responsible for designing the park surrounding the building.{{citation |title=Edifício-Sede e Parque da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian |url=http://www.patrimoniocultural.pt/en/patrimonio/patrimonio-imovel/pesquisa-do-patrimonio/classificado-ou-em-vias-de-classificacao/geral/view/330483 |year=2010 |editor=IGESPAR |location=Lisbon, Portugal |publisher=IGESPAR - Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico |language=pt |access-date=16 February 2016}} Later, Francisco Caetano Keil do Amaral was added to the team, as a consultant, and Frederico Henrique George joined the team working on the building.

In December 1961, the anterior project of the park was begun, while work on the earthworks and retaining walls beginning the following year. A sculpture panel was installed in the headquarters building by architect Artur Rosa in 1962. By 1967, the interior finishing were adjudicated, with the project concluded in 1968. On 2 October 1969, the buildings and gardens were inaugurated.

File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 071.jpg by Pierre-Auguste Renoir; 1874.]]

File:Museu Calouste Gulbenkian.jpg

The 12th International Federation of Landscaping Architects Congress was held in September 1970 on the grounds of the Gulbenkian Foundation. In 1975, the property was distinguished with the Valmor Prize.

After 21 years of acquisitions, more than three years of construction and a lively controversy generated by conservationists, Gulbenkian's Centro de Arte Moderna (CAM) was opened in 1983 as Portugal's first museum of modern art.John Darnton (17 August 1983), [https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/17/arts/new-lisbon-museum-a-home-for-modernists.html New Lisbon museum a home for modernists] New York Times. In 2024, CAM re-opened after a €58 million redevelopment.José da Silva (18 November 2024), [https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/11/18/lisbons-museum-scene-booms-as-new-and-revamped-institutions-are-unveiled Lisbon’s museum scene booms as new and revamped institutions are unveiled] The Art Newspaper.

The museum was designed as a showcase for the collection, which was relatively unique for an art museum at a time when most museums were housed in buildings originally built for other purposes.{{cite news |title=One Man's Treasures |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/19/travel/one-man-s-treasures.html |access-date=20 August 2019 |work=New York Times |date=19 February 1984}} The landscaping and museum building interact, with views into woods and wetlands punctuating the artwork on display, while woodland paths offer views of the dramatic building, the edges of which include terraces and water features that blur the border between built and natural environment. The grouped buildings are set within a park bordered by the Avenida de Berna (north), Avenida António Augusto de Aguiar (west), Rua Marquês de Sá da Bandeira (east) and the Centro de Arte Moderna (south).

The shape of the museum and headquarters is relatively simple, with T-shaped wings, each with an entrance. The massive volume, long and horizontal was used for administration, services and as auditoriums, off of the main, single entry space. It is in this entrance that the panel Começar, by Almada Negreiros is situated.

Designed by the British architect Leslie Martin, CAM's original building has been a three-story structure with a vast single-room gallery consisting of interconnecting floors; movable panels provide for maximum flexibility in arranging exhibits.John Darnton (17 August 1983), [https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/17/arts/new-lisbon-museum-a-home-for-modernists.html New Lisbon museum a home for modernists] New York Times. The 2024 redevelopment of CAM was carried out by Kengo Kuma and Associates. The most prominent addition is a 100m-long entrance canopy clad in dark planks of ash with handmade white tiles on top, based on the Japanese engawa. The architects also moved the main entrance of the museum from north to south.José da Silva (18 November 2024), [https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/11/18/lisbons-museum-scene-booms-as-new-and-revamped-institutions-are-unveiled Lisbon’s museum scene booms as new and revamped institutions are unveiled] The Art Newspaper.

• 2015–2020: Penelope CurtisTim Cornwell (30 October 2017), [https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2017/10/30/former-tate-britain-director-penelope-curtis-remaps-lisbons-gulbenkian Former Tate Britain director Penelope Curtis remaps Lisbon's Gulbenkian] The Art Newspaper.
• 2020–present: António Filipe Pimentel

• Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
• Centro de Arte Moderna Gulbenkian

{{Reflist}}

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• {{citation |last=Pedreirinho |first=José Manuel |title=Dicionário de arquitectos activos em Portugal do Séc. I à actualidade |location=Porto, Portugal |publisher=Edições Afrontamento |year=1994 |language=pt}}
• {{citation |title=PDM - Plano Director Municipal |location=Lisbon, Portugal |publisher=Câmara Municipal de Lisboa |year=1995 |language=pt}}
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• {{citation |title=Sede da Fundação Gulbenkian declarada Edifício Saudável |location=Lisbon, Portugal |publisher=Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian |year=2008 |issue=98, November–December |language=pt}}
• {{citation |last=Tostões |first=Ana |title=Os Verdes Anos na Arquitectura Portuguesa dos Anos 50|publisher=Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade do Porto |location=Porto, Portugal |year=1997 |language=pt}}
• {{citation |publisher=Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian |year=1972 |title=Persian Art: Calouste Gulbenkian Collection |location=Lisbon, Portugal |editor=Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian}}

• [https://artsandculture.google.com/u/0/partner/museu-calouste-gulbenkian?hl=en%3F%3F Virtual tour of the Calouste Gulbenkian Museum] provided by Google Arts & Culture
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