Campbellton Formation

{{Short description|Geologic formation in New Brunswick, Canada}}

{{Infobox rockunit

| name = Campbellton Formation

| image =

| caption =

| type = Geological formation

| age = Latest Pragian-Emsian {{Fossil range|407.4}}

| period = Devonian

| prilithology =

| otherlithology =

| namedfor =

| namedby =

| region = New Brunswick

| country = Canada

| coordinates =

| unitof = Gaspé Sandstones

| subunits =

| underlies =

| overlies = Val d’Amour Formation

| thickness = Nearly 1 kilometer

| extent =

| area =

| map =

| map_caption =

}}

The Campbellton Formation is a geologic formation in New Brunswick. It preserves fossils dating back to the latest Pragian and Emsian of the Devonian period.

Description

The Campbellton Formation is the southernmost representative of the Gaspé Sandstones group{{Cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Kirsten L. |last2=Miller |first2=Randall F. |last3=Gibling |first3=Martin R. |date=2012-11-15 |title=Palaeoenvironments of Early Devonian fish and other aquatic fauna of the Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018212004427 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |language=en |volume=361-362 |pages=61–72 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.08.002 |bibcode=2012PPP...361...61K |issn=0031-0182|url-access=subscription }} and can be divided into 6 facies associations (restricted lacustrine, marginal lacustrine, near-shore lacustrine, coastal-deltaic, sandy to gravelly alluvial plain, and gravelly proximal alluvial environments), and is nearly a kilometer thick.{{Cite journal |last1=KennedyKirsten |last2=R |first2=GiblingMartin |date=2011-11-10 |title=The Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada: paleoenvironments in an important Early Devonian terrestrial locality |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237169507 |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=48 |issue=12 |pages=1561–1580 |language=en |doi=10.1139/e11-055|bibcode=2011CaJES..48.1561K }} Lacustrine facies are prevalent in the lower parts of the eastern belt (representing a large open lake) while upper parts of the formation are dominated by alluvial facies (representing an eastward-flowing axial braided river system).

Fossil content

=Vertebrates=

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Acanthodians
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Ankylacanthus

|A. incurvus

| Atholville Beds.{{Cite journal |last1=Burrow |first1=Carole J. |last2=Turner |first2=Susan |last3=Desbiens |first3=Sylvain |last4=Miller |first4=Randall F. |date=August 2008 |title=Early Devonian putative gyracanthid acanthodians from eastern CanadaInternational Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Contribution 491, Middle Palaeozoic Vertebrate Biogeography, Palaeogeography, and Climate. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233678429 |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=45 |issue=8 |pages=897–908 |doi=10.1139/e08-033 |issn=0008-4077}}

|Fin spines.

| A possible gyracanthid, formerly known as Gyracanthus incurvus.

|

Cheiracanthus?

|C.? costellatus

|

|

|

|File:Cheiracanthus murchisoni life restoration.jpg

Mesacanthus

|M. semistriatus

|

|

|

|File:Mesacanthus pusillus.jpg

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Chondrichthyans
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Doliodus

|D. latispinosus

|

|Fin spines.{{Cite journal |last1=Burrow |first1=Carole J. |last2=Turner |first2=Susan |last3=Maisey |first3=John G. |last4=Desbiens |first4=Sylvain |last5=Miller |first5=Randall F. |date=2017 |title=Spines of the stem chondrichthyan Doliodus latispinosus (Whiteaves) comb. nov. from the Lower Devonian of eastern Canada |url=https://www.academia.edu/40417337 |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=54 |issue=12 |pages=1248 |doi=10.1139/cjes-2017-0059 |bibcode=2017CaJES..54.1248B |issn=0008-4077|doi-access=free |hdl=1807/78890 |hdl-access=free }}

| Also known from the York River and Battery Point formations.

|

Protodus

|P. jexi

|"Atholville Beds, shoreline approximately 1.3 km W of the interprovincial bridgecrossing the Restigouche River, near Campbellton".{{Cite journal |last1=Turner |first1=Susan |last2=Miller |first2=Randall F. |date=January 2008 |title=Protodus jexi Woodward, 1982 (Chondrichthyes), from the Lower Devonian Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298952121 |journal=Acta Geologica Polonica |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=133–145}}

|Isolated teeth.

|A protodontid.

|

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Ostracoderms
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
rowspan=3|Yvonaspis

|Y. campbelltonensis

|

|

| A cephalaspid, formerly listed as a species of Cephalaspis.{{Cite journal |last=Belles-Isles |first=Michel |date=1989-11-01 |title=Yvonaspis, nouveau genre d'Osteostraci (Vertebrata, Agnatha) du Dévonien (Emsien–Eifélien) des Grès de Gaspé (Québec, Canada) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-204 |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=2396–2401 |doi=10.1139/e89-204 |bibcode=1989CaJES..26.2396B |issn=0008-4077|url-access=subscription }}

|

Y. jexi

|

|

|A cephalaspid, formerly listed as a species of Cephalaspis.

|

Y. westolli

|

|

|A cephalaspid, formerly listed as a species of Cephalaspis.

|

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Placoderms
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
rowspan=3|Phlyctaenius

|P. acadicus

|

|Fragments of exoskeleton and dermal plates.

| A phlyctaeniid.

|

P. atholi

|

|Fragments of exoskeleton and dermal plates.

| A phlyctaeniid.

|

P. stenosus

|

|Fragments of exoskeleton and dermal plates.

| A phlyctaeniid.

|

=Invertebrates=

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Arthropods
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Eoarthropleura

|

|Near the Dalhousie Junction and Point la Nim areas.

|

|An arthropleurid.

|

Gaspestria

|G. genselorum

|

|

|A millipede.{{Cite journal |last=Wilson |first=Heather M. |date=2006 |title=Juliformian Millipedes from the Lower Devonian of Euramerica: Implications for the Timing of Millipede Cladogenesis in the Paleozoic |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4095102 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=80 |issue=4 |pages=638–649 |doi=10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[638:JMFTLD]2.0.CO;2 |jstor=4095102 |s2cid=85823417 |issn=0022-3360|url-access=subscription }}

|

Millipede

|Unnamed.{{Cite journal |last1=Shear |first1=W. |last2=Gensel |first2=P. |last3=Jeram |first3=A. |date=1996 |title=Fossils of large terrestrial arthropods from the Lower Devonian of Canada |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232771044 |journal=Nature |volume=384 |issue=6609 |pages=555–557 |doi=10.1038/384555A0|bibcode=1996Natur.384..555S |s2cid=4367636 }}

|

|4 detailed impression fossils.

|

|

cf. Parahughmilleria

|cf. P. sp.

|"Point La Nim (48°03.97’N; 66°24.78’W), west of Dalhousie, New Brunswick".{{Cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=Randall |last2=Kennedy |first2=Kirsten |last3=Gibling |first3=Martin |date=2012-03-20 |title=A eurypterid from the lacustrine facies of the Early Devonian Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275986300 |journal=Atlantic Geology |volume=48 |pages=14–19 |doi=10.4138/atlgeol.2012.002 |issn=1718-7885|doi-access=free }}

|"Specimen NBMG 11012 consists of a part and counterpart of an articulated partial preabdomen of the opisthosoma".

|A eurypterid.

|

rowspan=2|Primitia

|P. mundula

|

|Disarticulated valves.

|An ostracod.

|

P. scaphoides

|

|Disarticulated valves.

|An ostracod.

|

rowspan=2| Pterygotus

|P. anglicus

| Atholville beds near the western end of the Campbellton Formation exposure.{{Cite journal |last=Randall |first=F. Mill |date=2007-12-31 |title=Pterygotus anglicus Agassiz (Chelicerata: Eurypterida) from Atholville, Lower Devonian Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada |url=https://eurekamag.com/research/023/437/023437905.php |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=981–999 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00683.x |s2cid=140667798 |issn=0031-0239|doi-access=free }}

|

| A eurypterid.

| File:20201227 Pterygotus anglicus.png

P. sp.

|

|

|A eurypterid.

|

Scorpion

|Unnamed

|Near the Dalhousie Junction and Point la Nim areas.

|

|A scorpion with book lungs preserved.

|

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Molluscs
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
rowspan=2|Cyclora

|C. valvatiformis

|

|

| A gastropod.

|

C. imbricata

|

|

|A gastropod.

|

=Plants=

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Plants
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Bitelaria

|B. dubjanskii

|Facies 1.

|

|A tracheophyte.

|

Chaleuria

|C. cirrosa

|Facies 5.

|

|A tracheophyte.

|File:Chaleuria cirrosa fossil land plant (Lower Devonian; New Brunswick, southeastern Canada) 1 (15518602081).jpg

rowspan="3" |Drepanophycus

|D. gaspianus

|Facies 1, 2, 3 and 5.

|

|A drepanophycale.

|File:Drepanophycus gaspianus.jpg

D. spinaeformis

|Facies 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6.{{Cite journal |last1=KENNEDY |first1=K. L. |last2=GENSEL |first2=P. G. |last3=GIBLING |first3=M. R. |title=Paleoenvironmental Inferences from the Classic Lower Devonian Plant-Bearing Locality of the Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada |date=2012-06-29 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262085490 |journal=PALAIOS |volume=27 |issue=6 |pages=424–438 |doi=10.2110/palo.2012.p12-004r |bibcode=2012Palai..27..424K |s2cid=128939115 |issn=0883-1351}}

|

|A drepanophycale.

|File:Drepanophycus spinaeformis.jpg

D. sp.

|Facies 1 and 5.

|

|A drepanophycale.

|File:Drepanophycus sp.jpg

Kaulangiophyton

|

|Facies 1.

|

|A tracheophyte.

|

rowspan=2|Leclercqia

|L. complexa

|Facies 1 and 4.

|

|A protolepidodendrale.

|File:Leclercqia complexa.jpg

L. andrewsii

|Facies 1.

|

|A protolepidodendrale.

|

Loganophyton

|L. dawsoni

|Facies 1, 4 and 5.

|

|A tracheophyte.

|

Omniastrobus

|O. dawsonii

|

|"Impressions of strobili with numerous carbonized spore masses".{{Cite journal |last1=Bonacorsi |first1=Nikole K. |last2=Gensel |first2=Patricia G. |last3=Hueber |first3=Francis M. |last4=Leslie |first4=Andrew B. |date=2021-03-01 |title=Omniastrobus gen. nov., an Emsian Plant with Implications for the Evolution of Heterospory in the Early Devonian |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/712356 |journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences |volume=182 |issue=3 |pages=198–209 |doi=10.1086/712356 |s2cid=232050463 |issn=1058-5893|url-access=subscription }}

|

|

Oocampsa

|O. catheta

|"About ½ mi west of Dalhousie Junction."{{Cite journal |last1=Andrews |first1=Henry N. |last2=Gensel |first2=Patricia G. |last3=Kasper |first3=Andrew E. |date=1975-08-15 |title=A new fossil plant of probable intermediate affinities (Trimerophyte–Progymnosperm) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b75-201 |journal=Canadian Journal of Botany |volume=53 |issue=16 |pages=1719–1728 |doi=10.1139/b75-201 |issn=0008-4026|url-access=subscription }}

|

|A tracheophyte.

|

Oricilla

|O. bilinearis

|Facies 1 and 5.

|

|A zosterophyll.

|

Pachytheca

|

|Facies 2.

|

|

|

Pertica

|P. dalhousii

|Facies 5.

|

|A tracheophyte.

|

rowspan="4" |Psilophyton

|P. coniculum

|Facies 6.

|

|A trimerophytopsid.

|

P. charientos

|Facies 1.

|

|A trimerophytopsid.

|

P. princeps

|Facies 1, 3, 5 and 6.

|

|A trimerophytopsid.

|File:Psilophyton princeps.jpg

P. sp.

|Facies 1 and 5.

|

|A trimerophytopsid.

|

rowspan=2|Sawdonia

|S. acanthotheca

|Facies 1 and 2.

|

|A zosterophyll.

|

S. ornata

|Facies 1 and 5.

|

|A zosterophyll.

|File:Sawdonia ornata Cosmocaixa.JPG

Spongiophyton

|S. minutissimum

|Facies 1, 2 and 6.

|

|

|

Staphylophyton

|S. semiglobosa

|”Section 4”

|26 incomplete axes

|A zosterophyll.{{cite journal |last1=Gensel |first1=Patricia G. |last2=Milano |first2=Amelia |last3=Willoughby |first3=Andrew |last4=Belcher |first4=James |title=A New Zosterophyll with Novel Emergence and Cuticle Features from the Early Devonian of New Brunswick, Canada |journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences |date=1 May 2025 |volume=186 |issue=3 |pages=152–166 |doi=10.1086/734304}}

|

|

Taeniocrada

|T. dubia

|Facies 2 and 5.

|

|A tracheophyte.

|

Trimerophyton

|T. robustius

|Facies 4.

|

|A trimerophytopsid.

|File:Trimerophyton robustius - Redpath Museum - McGill University - Montreal, Canada - DSC07979.jpg

Zosterophyllum

|Z. divaricatum

|"South shore of the Restigouche River near Dalhousie, New Brunswick".{{Cite journal |last1=Gensel |first1=Patricia G. |last2=Wellman |first2=Charles H. |last3=Taylor |first3=Wilson A. |date=November 2013 |title=Spore Wall Ultrastructure of the Lower Devonian Zosterophylls Renalia hueberi and Zosterophyllum divaricatum |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/673240 |journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences |volume=174 |issue=9 |pages=1302–1313 |doi=10.1086/673240 |s2cid=83930515 |issn=1058-5893|url-access=subscription }}

|

|A zosterophyll.

|

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Fungi
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Prototaxites

|

| Facies 2 and 6.

|

|

|

See also

{{Portal |Earth sciences|Canada|Paleontology}}

References

{{Reflist}}

  • {{cite web|title= Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database|author= ((Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database))|url= https://www.fossilworks.org|access-date= 17 December 2021}}

Category:Devonian New Brunswick

Category:Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits

Category:Geologic formations of New Brunswick

Category:Sandstone formations of Canada

Category:Siltstone formations of Canada

Category:Conglomerate formations of Canada

Category:Long stubs with short prose

{{Canada-geologic-formation-stub}}

{{Devonian-stub}}

{{NewBrunswick-stub}}