Phlyctaeniidae
{{Short description|Extinct family of fishes}}
{{automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Devonian}}
| image = Cartieraspis.png
| image_caption = Artist's reconstruction of Cartieraspis
| taxon = Phlyctaeniidae
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = See text
}}
Phlyctaeniidae is an extinct family of placoderm arthrodire fishes that lived during the Devonian period, mainly in Norway and North America.
Classification
Order Arthrodira Woodward, 1891
- Phlyctaenioidei Miles, 1973
- Brachythoraci Gross, 1932 - (includes the well-known Dunkleosteus, Dinichthys, etc.)
- Williamsaspididae White, 1952
- Groenlandaspididae Obruchev, 1964
- Arctolepididae Heintz, 1937
- Phlyctaeniidae Fowler, 1947
- Aggeraspis Gross, 1962
- Arctaspis Heintz, 1929
- Arctolepis? Eastman, 1908 - (may instead belong to Arctolepididae)
- Barwickosteus Young & Long, 2014
- Cartieraspis Pageau, 1969
- Diadsomaspis Gross, 1937
- Dicksonosteus? Goujet, 1975 - (may not belong to Phlyctaeniidae)
- Elegantaspis Heintz, 1929 - (may instead belong to trilobite genus Kazakhius)
- Gaspeaspis Pageau, 1969
- Grifftaylor Young & Long, 2014
- Heintzosteus? Goujet, 1984 - (may instead belong to Arctolepididae)
- Heterogaspis Strand, 1932
- Huginaspis Heintz, 1929
- Kolpaspis Pageau, 1969
- Kueichowlepis Pan & Wang, 1975
- Lyhoalepis Janvier, Tông-Dzuy & Doàn Nhât, 1994
- Neophlyctaenius White, 1969
- Pageauaspis Denison, 1978
- Phlyctaenius Traquair, 1890
- Prosphymaspis Gross, 1937
- Stipatosteus Plax & Newman, 2020
Phylogeny
Phlyctaeniidae's placement within Arthrodira can be shown in the cladogram below:{{Cite journal |last1=Dupret |first1=V. |last2=Zhu |first2=M. I. N. |last3=Wang |first3=J. N. Q. |year=2009 |title=The morphology of Yujiangolepis liujingensis (Placodermi, Arthrodira) from the Pragian of Guangxi (south China) and its phylogenetic significance | doi = 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00519.x |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=157 |page=70 |doi-access=free }}
{{Barlabel|style=font-size:75%;line-height:85% |size=40
|at1=16|label1=Actinolepidoidei|colour1=red
|at2=36|label2=Phlyctaeniina|colour2=blue
|cladogram=
{{clade
|1={{clade
|label3=Arthrodira
|3={{clade
|1=Yujiangolepis liujingensis |barbegin1=red
|2={{clade
|1=Antarctaspis mcmurdoensis |bar1=red
|2={{clade
|label1=Wuttagoonaspidae
|1={{clade
|1=Wuttagoonaspis fletcheri |bar1=red
|2=Yiminaspis shenme |bar2=red
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Aethaspis major |bar1=red
|2=Aethaspis utahensis |bar2=red
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Lehmanosteus hyperboreus |bar1=red
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Aleosteus eganensis |bar1=red
|2=Simblaspis cachensis |bar2=red
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Kujdanowiaspis buczacziensis |bar1=red
|2=Kujdanowiaspis podolica |bar2=red
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Erikaspis zychi |bar1=red
|2=Sigaspis lepidophora |bar2=red
}}
|2={{clade
|1=Eskimaspis heintzi |bar1=red
|2={{clade
|1=Baringaspis dineleyi |bar1=red
|2=Proaethaspis ohioensis |bar2=red
}}
|3={{clade
|1=Anarthraspis chamberlini |bar1=red
|2=Heightingtonaspis anglica |bar2=red
|label3=Phyllolepida
|3={{clade
|1=Gavinaspis convergens |bar1=red
|2={{clade
|1=Austrophyllolepis sp. |bar1=red
|2=Cowralepis mclachlani |bar2=red
|3=Phyllolepis orvini |bar3=red
|4=Placolepis budawangensis |bar4=red
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|label1=Actinolepidae
|1={{clade
|1=Bollandaspis woschmidti |bar1=red
|2={{clade
|1=Actinolepis spinosa |bar1=red
|2={{clade
|1=Actinolepis magna |bar1=red
|2=Actinolepis tuberculata |bar2=red
}}
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1=Bryantolepis brachycephalus |barend1=red
|label2=Phlyctaenioidei
|2={{clade
|label1=Phlyctaeniidae
|1={{clade
|1=Pageauaspis russelli |barbegin1=blue
|2=Phlyctaenius acadicus |bar2=blue
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=Groenlandaspidae
|1={{clade
|1=Groenlandaspis antarctica |bar1=blue
|2=Tiaraspis subilis |bar2=blue
}}
|2={{clade
|label1=Arctaspidae
|1=Dicksonosteus arcticus |bar1=blue
|label2=Arctolepidae
|2={{clade
|1=Arctolepis decipiens |bar1=blue
|2=Heintzosteus brevis |barend2=blue
}}
}}
}}
|label2=Brachythoraci
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
|1=Buchanosteus confertituberculatus
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Arthrodira|Ar.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7186549}}
{{Placoderm-stub}}