Canadair CP-107 Argus#Aircraft on display

In 1949, Canadair recognized that the RCAF would soon be looking for a replacement for the Avro Lancasters being used in the maritime patrol role and proposed the CL-29, a variant of the North Star, itself a variant of the Douglas C-54 Skymaster or DC-4 transport.Pickler, 1995, p.120 When the RCAF issued the specification in 1952, it was for a larger and more capable aircraft, and two proposals were received. These included a Lockheed Constellation variant from Lockheed, however its low speed handling was deemed inadequate by the RCAF, while Bristol proposed a variant of their Britannia airliner. However, concerns were raised over its floating controls, where they were controlled via servo tabs rather than direct linkages. The RCAF preferred the Bristol proposal, but it would be developed in Canada. Canadair presented two proposals, the CL-28 also based on the Britannia, which was accepted, and a lowest cost design called the CL-33 which was described as a fat Lancaster. It would have been comparable to the Avro Shackleton already being operated by the RAF, but significantly lighter, and was to be powered by the same engines as were used in the CL-28, or similar radial engines.

Canadair began work on the CL-28 in April 1954 and at the time it was the largest aircraft to be built in Canada. The hybrid design, initially referred to as the 'Britannia Maritime Reconnaissance', or 'Britannia MR', was derived from the Bristol Britannia airliner, having the same wings, tail surfaces and landing gear except for being "Americanized" – meaning that it used the same general design, but changed from British materials, dimensions and standard parts to American ones. Due to the greater stresses from flying at low altitude for long periods of time, even the components taken from the Britannia needed substantial reinforcement, and to meet these demands, extensive use of a locally developed metal to metal bonding was used.Pickler, 1995, p.122 The Argus represented the first large scale use of titanium in the structure, as well as structural plastic, which was used to electrically insulate the top of the fin for the sensors mounted there.

The fuselage was completely redesigned by Canadair, going from the pressure cabin used in the Britannia to an unpressurised one with two {{cvt|18|foot}} long bomb bays fore and aft of the wings. The engines were also changed from the Bristol Proteus turboprop engines to Wright R-3350 turbo-compound piston radial engines, which had lower fuel consumption necessary for extended missions at low level. At the design stage the Napier Nomad, another turbo-compound engine, was also considered, although the Nomad was later cancelled.

Seven aircraft were used for the development program, with each one specializing in specific systems or problem.Pickler, 1995, p.126 Argus 20710 tested controls and stability, 20711 equipment and environment, 20712 did cold weather testing, 20713 structural tests and demonstrating RCAF requirements, while 20714 was used for weapons testing, and 20715 completed the operational evaluation. In July 1960, a CP-107 Argus visited Eglin AFB, Florida, for hot weather testing."Canadian Plane Now Undergoing Tests At Eglin." The Okaloosa News-Journal (Crestview, Florida), Volume 46, Number 28, 14 July 1960, p. A-3.

File:Canadair CP-107 Argus (CL-28) of the Canadian Armed Forces.jpg

The Argus replaced the last of the Avro Lancasters as well as the Lockheed Neptunes that had been bought as an interim measure pending the arrival of the Argus in the maritime reconnaissance or patrol role.

One of the most effective anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft of its day, the Argus was a mainstay for the RCAF. A large amount of equipment was carried, including: search radar, sonobuoys, electronic counter measures (ECM), explosive echo ranging (EER) and magnetic anomaly detector (MAD). Up to {{cvt|8000|lb}} of weapons could be carried in the bomb bays, including torpedoes and depth charges.

A flight crew of 15 consisting of three pilots, three navigators (Observer Long range), two flight engineers and six radio officers (observer rad) until the early 1960s when the crew included both commissioned officers (tactical navigator/radio navigator) and non commissioned officers (observers), the number of which was dependent on the mission. Four crew bunks and a galley were provided to extend the efficiency of the crew on long patrols (average 18 hrs). The CL-28 had an endurance of approximately 26½ hours with full armament.

An Argus flown by 407 Maritime Patrol Squadron on 1-2 October 1959 held the Canadian military record of slightly over 31 hours for the longest flight by an unrefuelled aircraft, while covering a distance of {{cvt|4570|mi}} from RNZAF Base Ohakea in New Zealand to Naval Air Station Barbers Point in Hawaii, before continuing across the rest of Pacific and most of Canada.Baker, 2011, p.112-113 Due to unexpectedly strong headwinds that greatly increased fuel consumption, they chose to land in RCAF Station North Bay where they had less than an hour of fuel remaining, after an additional 20 hours of flying. The 31 hour record flight broke the previous distance record, set by another Argus from the same squadron, of {{cvt|4210|miles}}.

The principal difference between the Mk.1 and Mk.2 was in the different navigation, communication and tactical electronic equipment fitted internally. Externally, the Mk II had a smaller redesigned nose radome and additional ECM antenna above the fuselage.[http://casmuseum.techno-science.ca/en/collection-research/artifact-canadair-argus-2.php "Canadair CP-107 Argus 2."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528121010/http://casmuseum.techno-science.ca/en/collection-research/artifact-canadair-argus-2.php |date=28 May 2017 }} Canada Aviation and Space Museum. Retrieved: 8 October 2014.

File:Canadair CP-107 Argus 10722 407 Sqd. RCAF NAS Lemoore 12Oct75 (Peter B.Lewis via RJF) (21420124619).jpg

File:Argus in Bermuda 1979 (5538985016).jpg in 1979.]]

The Argus flew its last service mission on 24 July 1981, and was replaced by the Lockheed CP-140 Aurora.

• Argus Mk.1/CL-28-1 : Long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft for the RCAF. This aircraft was fitted with an American AN/APS-20 radar in a chin-mounted radome.Baker, 2011, p.27 13 built. (serials 20710-20722)Walker, 2010
• Argus Mk.2/CL-28-2 : Long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft for the RCAF. This aircraft was fitted with a British ASV-21 radar in a chin-mounted radome.Baker, 2011, p.29 20 built. (serials 20723-20742)

;{{CAN}}

• Royal Canadian Air Force (dissolved 31 January 1968)
• RCAF Station Greenwood
• 2 (Maritime) Operational Training Unit (2 (M) OTU) - April 1958 to 31 January 1968Baker, 2011, p.93
• Argus Conversion Unit (ACU) - detachment from 2 (M) OTU.
• Maritime Proving & Evaluation Unit (MP & EU) - 1 August 1959 to 31 January 1968Baker, 2011, pp.111
• No. 404 Squadron RCAF - 15 April 1959 to 31 January 1968Baker, 2011, pp.96 & 98
• No. 405 Squadron RCAF - 7 August 1958 to 31 January 1968Baker, 2011, pp.99-100
• RCAF Station Summerside
• No. 415 Squadron RCAF - 8 June 1961 to 31 January 1968Baker, 2011, pp.105-106

• Canadian Armed Forces (formed 1 February 1968 from RCAF, all surviving aircraft (32 of the 33) were renumbered at this time, from 207XX to 107XX)
• Canadian Forces Base Greenwood
• 2 (Maritime) Operational Training Unit (2 (M) OTU) - 1 February 1968 to 1 April 1968
• Maritime Proving & Evaluation Unit (MP & EU) - 1 February 1968 to 25 June 1980Baker, 2011, pp.111
• 404 Maritime Patrol Squadron - 1 February 1968 to 19 August 1980
• 405 Maritime Patrol Squadron - 1 February 1968 to 11 November 1980
• 449 Maritime Training Squadron - merged from 2 (M) OTU, ACU and ground training units and operated from 1 April 1968 to 29 August 1975Baker, 2011, pp.109-106
• Canadian Forces Base Comox
• 407 Maritime Patrol Squadron - 17 May 1968 to 29 June 1981Baker, 2011, p.102
• Canadian Forces Base Summerside
• 415 Maritime Patrol Squadron - 1 February 1968 to 24 July 1981

• On 23 March 1965, 404 Squadron Argus 20727 was lost {{cvt|60|miles}} north of the Puerto Rican coast with all handsBaker, 2011, pp.118 during a night ASW exercise with HMS Alcide. The Argus completed a low pass of the submarine and then commenced a hard bank. The wing struck a high swell and the aircraft cartwheeled in to the ocean, killing all 16 on board.{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19650323-0|title = ASN Aircraft accident Canadair CP-107 Argus Mk.2 20727 Puerto Rico}}

• 31 March 1977, with one engine shut down after a malfunction during a patrol mission, 415 Squadron Argus 20737 was seconds from touching down at CFB Summerside when it abruptly lost altitude and began yawing strongly to the left while dropping one wing.Baker, 2011, pp.119-120 Weather at the time included thunderstorms, heavy rains and strong winds.Steepe, 2017 It impacted to the left of the runway nose high and left wing low, before becoming airborne again, only to continue veering to the left, barely missing the control tower thanks to the effort of the pilot, until colliding with a parked Nordair Lockheed Electra, tearing the Electra's wing open and severing the rear fuselage, before coming to a stop, all while being followed by a fireball. Fifteen of the crew escaped the fire, but one died in the crash and two others later died from their injuries.

File:Canadair CP-107 Argus 10732 front right.jpg

• 10712 – Argus Mk.1 is on static display outside at the Comox Air Force Museum in Comox, British Columbia.{{cite web|last1=Brennan|first1=Dan|title=The Comox Air Force Museum's Guide to the Aircraft of the Heritage Air Park|url=http://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzO_ur3Gf9rDaEZBQ2dfOUFXLVE/view|access-date=21 July 2017}}
• 10717 – Argus Mk.1 is on static display outside at the Greenwood Military Aviation Museum in Greenwood, Nova Scotia.{{cite web|title=ARGUS CP-107|url=http://www.gmam.ca/argus--cp-107-.html|website=Greenwood Military Aviation Museum|access-date=21 July 2017}}
• 10732 – Argus Mk.2 is on static display outside at the National Air Force Museum of Canada in Trenton, Ontario.{{cite web|title=Argus|url=http://airforcemuseum.ca/en/aircraft-2/argus|website=National Air Force Museum of Canada|access-date=21 July 2017}}
• 10739 – Argus Mk.2 is on static display outside at the Air Force Heritage Park at Summerside Airport in Summerside, Prince Edward Island.{{cite web|title=Artists Concept of Our Park|url=http://www.airforceparkpei.ca/gallery.php|website=Air Force Heritage Park, PEI.|publisher=Aviation Heritage Society (PEI) Inc.|access-date=21 July 2017}}
• 10742 – Argus Mk.2 is on static display in the reserve hangar at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa, Ontario.{{cite web|title=CANADAIR CP-107 ARGUS 2|url=http://casmuseum.techno-science.ca/en/collection-research/artifact-canadair-argus-2.php|website=Canada Aviation and Space Museum|publisher=Ingenium|access-date=21 July 2017|archive-date=28 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528121010/http://casmuseum.techno-science.ca/en/collection-research/artifact-canadair-argus-2.php|url-status=dead}}

File:Canadair CP-107 Argus drawing from Aircraft Manual.jpg

{{Aircraft specs

|ref=The Encyclopedia of World AircraftDonald 1997, p. 118.

|prime units?=imp

|crew=15

|length ft=132||length in=4.5

|span ft=142||span in=3.5

|height ft=40||height in=9

|wing area sqft=2075

|airfoil= Root: NACA 25017 Tip: NACA 4413{{cite web|last1=Lednicer|first1=David|title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage|url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html|website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu|access-date=16 April 2019}}

|empty weight lb=81000

|gross weight lb=

|gross weight note=

|max takeoff weight lb=157000

|fuel capacity={{cvt|6640|impgal|l gal}}

|fuel capacity note=

|more general=

|eng1 number=4

|eng1 name=Wright R-3350 TC18EA1 18 cylinder Turbo-Compound

|eng1 type=air-cooled radial engines

|eng1 kw=

|eng1 hp=3700

|eng1 note=

|prop blade number=3

|prop name=Curtiss-Wright Electric C634S-C554 metal variable-pitch propeller

|prop dia ft=15||prop dia in=6

|prop dia note=

|max speed mph=315

|max speed note=

|cruise speed mph=207

|cruise speed note=

|stall speed mph=

|never exceed speed mph=

|minimum control speed mph=

|range miles=5900

|range note=

|combat range miles=

|ferry range miles=

|endurance=

|ceiling ft=25000

|climb rate ftmin=

|climb rate note=

|time to altitude=

|wing loading lb/sqft=

|wing loading note=

|fuel consumption lb/mi=

|armament= (Maximum load of {{cvt|8000|lb}})

• Internal load:
• Mark 30, Mark 43 mod 0, Mark 44 and Mark 46 torpedoes.
• {{cvt|350|lb}} Mark 54 depth bombs and practice bombs.Baker, 2011, pp.39-46
• Sonobuoys.
• Mark 400 Signal Underwater Sound Charges (SUS).
• LUU2/B 2 million candle power parachute flares. Mines were neither trialled nor used.
• External load: (maximum {{cvt|3800|lb}})
• The Argus carried out trials for AGM-12B Bullpup air-to-surface missiles and 2.75 inch Folding-Fin Aerial Rockets (FFAR) but these were never used operationally.

|hardpoints=maximum of {{cvt|3800|lb}}, hardpoints were near the wing roots and outboard of the outer engines.

|avionics=

• Radar systems:
• AN/APS-20 search radar in Mk.I, or ASV-21 radar in Mk.IIBaker, 2011, pp.27-37
• APS-94D Side-looking airborne radar (SLAR), trialled but not used operationally.
• Passive sensors:
• Jezebel Low Frequency Analyzer and Recorder sonobuoy sound analyzer to identify distance and type of vessel
• Magnetic Anomaly Detector (MAD) on extended tail boom to measure presence of iron from a vessel's hull
• AN/ALR-8 radio direction finding and interception to triangulate location of radio transmitters
• AN/APA-74 radar signal pulse identification for identifying and locating submarine radar transmissions
• AN/ASR-3 exhaust trail indicator for identifying presence of submarine diesel engine exhaust
• Other:
• 70 million candlepower searchlight for night visual identification

}}

• Birth of a Giant, a 1957 short documentary about the aircraft's development
• Lockheed CP-140 Aurora - successor to the Argus
• Lockheed P-2 Neptune - aircraft the Argus replaced

{{Portal|Aviation|Canada}}

{{aircontent

|related=

• Bristol Britannia
• Canadair CL-44 Yukon

|similar aircraft=

• Bréguet 1150 Atlantic
• Ilyushin Il-38
• Kawasaki P-2J
• Lockheed P-3 Orion

|successor aircraft=

• Lockheed CP-140 Aurora

|lists=

}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book|last1=Baker|first1=Cary|last2=Campbell|first2=Bert|title=The Canadair Argus: The Untold Story of Canada's Cold War Maritime Hunter|publisher=Bryler Publications|location=Chester, Nova Scotia|year=2011|isbn=978-1927003060}}
• {{cite book|last=Donald|first=David|title=The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft|publisher=Prospero Books|location=Etobicoke, Ontario|year=1997|isbn=978-1856053754}}
• {{cite book|last=Milberry|first=Larry|title=Aviation in Canada|publisher=McGraw-Hill Ryerson|location=Toronto, ON|year=1979|isbn=978-0070827783}}
• {{cite book|last1=Pickler|first1=Ron|last2=Milberry|first2=Larry|title=Canadair: The First 50 Years|publisher=CANAV Books|location=Toronto|year=1995|isbn=978-0921022077}}
• {{cite web|last=Steepe|first=Tom|title=We thought we were definitely going to perish: Remembering Argus crash 40 years later|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/arbus-crash-1977-cfb-summerside-1.4047760|date=31 March 2017|access-date=15 January 2020}}
• {{cite web|last=Walker|first=R. W. R.|title=Canadian Military Aircraft Serial Numbers RCAF 20710 to 20742 Detailed List|url=http://www.rwrwalker.ca/RCAF_20710_20742_detailed.html|date=7 July 2010|access-date=15 January 2020}}

{{commons category}}

• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCbRyvRcTMY Footage of the CP 107 Argus in Operation with the Canadian Armed Forces]
• [http://www.nfb.ca/film/birth_of_giant/ Birth of a Giant], a 1957 National Film Board of Canada documentary about the development of the Canadair CP-107 Argus
• [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1955/1955%20-%200409.html "Maritime Britannia"] a 1955 Flight article

{{Canadair}}

{{CF aircraft}}

{{Aircraft manufactured in Canada}}

CP-107

Category:1950s Canadian patrol aircraft

Category:Four-engined tractor aircraft

Category:1950s Canadian anti-submarine aircraft

Category:Low-wing aircraft

Category:Aircraft first flown in 1957

Category:Four-engined piston aircraft

Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear