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Canadian Americans

{{short description|American citizens whose ancestry is wholly or partly Canadian}}

{{about|Americans of Canadian origin|Americans of French-Canadian origin|French-Canadian Americans|Canadians of American origin|American Canadians}}{{Infobox ethnic group

| group = Canadian Americans

| native_name = {{native name|fr|Américains canadiens}}

| image =

| population = French Canadians : 255,600 alone or 933,700 incl. combination
Canadians: 255,000 alone or 580,500 incl. combination {{Cite web |title=Over Half of White Population Reported Being English, German or Irish |url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/10/2020-census-dhc-a-white-population.html |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Census.gov |language=en}}

| popplace = Portland, Maine • Boston • Concord • Hartford • New England • New York City • Washington • California • Washington, D.C. • Philadelphia • New Orleans • Orlando • Atlanta • Texas • Charlotte • Raleigh • Detroit • Columbus • Chicago • Milwaukee • Phoenix • Portland, Oregon • most urban areas

| langs = English • French • Franglais

| rels = Christianity{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=W2MWDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT765|title= Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia}}

| related-c = Americans, American Canadians, Canadians

}}

File:PSM V83 D341 French canadian family arriving from montreal.png

Canadian Americans ({{langx|fr|Américains canadiens}}) are American citizens or in some uses residents whose ancestry is wholly or partly Canadian, or citizens of either country who hold dual citizenship.{{cite web |last=Cain |first=Patrick |title=How to get rid of your U.S. citizenship |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/1217871/how-to-get-rid-of-an-unwanted-u-s-citizenship/ |publisher=Global News Canada |date=4 April 2014 |access-date=26 July 2020}} Today, many Canadian Americans hold both US and Canadian citizenship.

The term Canadian can mean a nationality or an ethnicity. Canadians are considered North Americans due their residing in the North American continent. English-speaking Canadian immigrants easily integrate and assimilate into northern and western U.S. states as a result of many cultural similarities, and in the similar accent in spoken English.{{cite web |title=Veta: Good vocabulary - Accent training online - American Accent |url=http://www.veta.in/products_accent.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129035203/http://www.veta.in/products_accent.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 29, 2011 |work=veta.in}} French Canadians, because of language and culture, tend to take longer to assimilate.l'Actualité économique, Vol. 59, No 3, (september 1983): 423-453 and Yolande LAVOIE, L'Émigration des Québécois aux États-Unis de 1840 à 1930, Québec, Conseil de la langue française, 1979. However, by the 3rd generation, they are often fully culturally assimilated, and the Canadian identity is more or less folklore.{{cite encyclopedia |last=Barkan |first=Elliott Robert |editor-last1=Thernstrom |editor-first1=Stephan |editor-link1=Stephan Thernstrom |editor-last2=Orlov |editor-first2=Ann |editor-last3=Handlin |editor-first3=Oscar |editor-link3=Oscar Handlin |title=French Canadians |url=https://archive.org/details/harvardencyclope00ther |encyclopedia=Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, MA / London |year=1980 |page=392 |isbn=0674375122 |oclc=1038430174}} This took place, even though half of the population of the province of Quebec emigrated to the US between 1840 and 1930.l'Actualité économique, Vol. 59, No. 3 (September 1983): 423–453 and Yolande LAVOIE, L'Émigration des Québécois aux États-Unis de 1840 à 1930, Québec, Conseil de la langue française, 1979. Many New England cities formed 'Little Canadas', but many of these have gradually disappeared.

This cultural "invisibility" within the larger US population is seen as creating stronger affinity among Canadians living in the US than might otherwise exist.{{cite web |title=Program No. 65 "Who's Canadian" |url=http://www.thisamericanlife.org/Radio_Episode.aspx?episode=65 |work=This American Life |publisher=Chicago Public Radio |date=May 30, 1997 |access-date=March 2, 2009 |archive-date=April 21, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421211113/http://www.thisamericanlife.org/Radio_Episode.aspx?episode=65 |url-status=dead }} According to US Census estimates, the number of Canadian residents was around 640,000 in 2000.{{cite web |title=c2kbr01-2.qxd |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf |url-status=dead |access-date=May 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040920132346/http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf |archive-date=September 20, 2004}} Some sources have cited the number to possibly be over 1,000,000.{{citation |last=Stewart |first=Alice R. |title=The Franco-Americans of Maine: A Historiographical Essay |journal=Maine Historical Society Quarterly |year=1987 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=160–179}} This number, though, is far smaller than the number of Americans who can trace part or the whole of their ancestry to Canada. The percentage of these in the New England states is almost 25% of the total population.

In some regions of the United States, especially New England or the Midwest, a Canadian American often means one whose ancestors came from Canada.Mark Paul Richard, From 'Canadien' to American: The Acculturation of French-Canadian Descendants in Lewiston, Maine, 1860 to the Present, PhD dissertation, Duke University, 2002; Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002 62(10): 3540-A. DA3031009, 583p.

American cities founded by or named after Canadians

Canadian American Day

The Connecticut State Senate unanimously passed a bill in 2009, making June 24 Canadian American Day in the state of Connecticut. The bill allows state officials to hold ceremonies at the capitol and other places each year to honor Americans of Canadian ancestry.Edmonton Sun, April 21, 2009

Aboriginal Canadian Americans

As a consequence of Article 3 of the Jay Treaty of 1794, official First Nations status, or in the United States, Native American status, also confers the right to live and work on either side of the border. Unlike the U.S., Canada has not codified the Jay Treaty. Canadian courts readily reject the Jay Treaty free passage of goods right.{{cite web |url=http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/law/lwsch/journals/bciclr/24_2/04_TXT.htm |title=Native American Free Passage Rights Under the 1794 Jay Treaty: Survival Under United States Statutory Law and Canadian Common Law |first1=Bryan |last1=Nickels |publisher=Boston College |access-date=May 18, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719143436/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/law/lwsch/journals/bciclr/24_2/04_TXT.htm |archive-date=July 19, 2011}}

Study

Some institutions in the United States focus on Canadian-American studies, including the Canadian-American Center at the University of Maine,{{cite web |title=Canadian-American Center |url=http://www.umaine.edu/canam/ |publisher=University of Maine |access-date=May 18, 2011}} the Center for Canadian American studies at Western Washington University,{{cite web |url-status=dead |url=http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~canam/ |title=The Center For Canadian American Studies |website=WWU |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701141541/http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~canam/ |archive-date=July 1, 2007}} and the University at Buffalo Canadian-American Studies Committee.{{cite web|url=http://canam.buffalo.edu/|title=Canadian American Studies Committee, University at Buffalo|work=buffalo.edu|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917100235/http://canam.buffalo.edu/|archive-date=2011-09-17}}

Notable people

{{main list|List of Canadian Americans

}}

See also

{{portal|United States|Canada}}

References

{{reflist}}

Further reading

{{Further|French Canadians#Further reading}}

  • {{cite book

| last = Brault

| first = Gerard J.

| title = The French-Canadian Heritage in New England

| publisher = University Press of New England

| date=March 15, 1986

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZkXdBzYjzcC&q=The%20French-Canadian%20Heritage%20in%20New%20England&pg=PP1

| isbn = 0-87451-359-6

}}

  • Desrosiers-Lauzon, Godefroy. Florida's snowbirds: Spectacle, mobility, and community since 1945 ( McGill-Queen's University Press, 2011).
  • {{cite book

| last = Doty

| first = C. Stewart

| title = The First Franco-Americans: New England Life Histories from the Federal Writers' Project, 1938–1939

| publisher = University of Maine at Orono Press

| year= 1985

}}

  • Fedunkiw, Marianne P. "Canadian Americans" in Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 395–405. [https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3273300041/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=7e591791 Online]
  • {{cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Janice |title=Canadians in America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riDNycgbK7wC&q=Famous%20Canadians&pg=PP1 |publisher=Lerner |year=2006 |isbn=0-8225-2681-6}}; for secondary schools.
  • Hansen, Marcus Lee. The Mingling of the Canadian and American Peoples, Vol. I: Historical (Yale University Press, 1940), major scholarly study, coverage to 1938; vol 2 never published; [https://ia800503.us.archive.org/17/items/minglingofcanadi00hans/minglingofcanadi00hans.pdf online].
  • McQuillan, D. Aidan. "Franch-Canadian Communities in the American Upper Midwest during the Nineteenth Century." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 23.58 (1979): 53–72.
  • Newton, J. Lason. " 'These French Canadian of the Woods are Half-Wild Folk': Wilderness, Whiteness, and Work in North America, 1840–1955" Labour / Le Travail (2016)., 77:121–150. [https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/llt/1900-v1-n1-llt02503/1036396ar.pdf online]
  • {{cite book

| last = Parker

| first = James Hill

| title = Ethnic Identity: The Case of the French Americans

| publisher = University Press of America

| year= 1983

}}

  • Sharp, Paul F. Whoop-Up Country: The Canadian-American West, 1865-1885 ( University of Minnesota Press, 1955).
  • Simpson, Jeffrey (2000). Star-Spangled Canadians: Canadians Living the American Dream. HarperCollins {{ISBN|0-00-255767-3}}; recent history
  • Smith, Marian L. "The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) at the US-Canadian border, 1893-1993: An overview of issues and topics." Michigan Historical Review (2000): 127–147. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20173861 online]
  • Sorrell, Richard S. "The survivance of French Canadians in New England (1865–1930): History, geography and demography as destiny." Ethnic and Racial Studies 4.1 (1981): 91–109.
  • Truesdell, Leon E. The Canadian Born in the United States: An Analysis of the Statistics of the Canadian Element in the Population of the United States, 1850 to 1930 (Yale UP, 1943). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-economic-history/article/abs/canadian-born-in-the-united-states-an-analysis-of-the-statistics-of-the-canadian-element-in-the-population-of-the-united-states-1850-to-1930-by-leon-e-truesdell-new-haven-yale-university-press-toronto-the-ryerson-press-1943-pp-xvii-263-300/A5364CEC7FBF98DD83C7A22D56977851 online review]

External links

  • [http://www.connect2canada.com/ Connect2Canada.com]

{{People of Canada}}

{{Canadians abroad}}

{{Demographics of the United States}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Canada–United States relations

Category:Canadian diaspora in the United States

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Category:Canadian diaspora in North America