Canadian leaders' debates#2025 debates
{{Short description|Televised election debates in Canada}}
The Canadian leaders' debates are leaders' debates televised during federal elections in Canada, made up of two debates, one in French and one in English, usually held on back-to-back nights. The first time these debates were held was during the 1968 election. They were until recently produced by a consortium of the main Canadian television networks, namely the CBC/SRC, CTV, Global and TVA, although other channels such as CPAC (and C-SPAN in the United States; English-language debate only) carry the broadcasts as well.
Inclusion criteria
Although there are usually a dozen or so political parties registered with Elections Canada at any given time, not all party leaders are invited to the debates. The stated criteria for inclusion have shifted over time with the maneuvering for political advantage, but the typical criteria set by the debate consortium has been that a political party needs to have representation in the House of Commons. Over the years, there have been at least three and as many as six, leaders at each such debate. Public criticism of the debates has emerged outlining that corporate media executives decide who is allowed to be heard in a public forum critical to deciding elected officials. Given the overlap between governments and corporations, there is a conflict of interest having corporate executives impacting elections. There have been calls to have Elections Canada set up an impartial debates protocol.
Following the 1988 federal election, after a decision of the Attorney General of Canada to stay a prosecution under the Broadcasting Act initiated by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) against several Canadian television networks, at the instance of the CRTC, a private prosecution was instituted on behalf of the Green Party of Canada by former Chief Agent and Treasurer[http://davidcrowe.ca/Green/Newsletter/GreeNews1994-3.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209160749/http://davidcrowe.ca/Green/Newsletter/GreeNews1994-3.pdf|date=2012-02-09}} Alberta Greens Newsletter Volume 6 Number 3 Autumn 1994 Greg Vezina against CBC, CTV and Global, claiming that these broadcasters had breached the Television Broadcasting Regulations 1987, because they had not included the Green Party and other accredited and registered small political party leaders in the leaders' debates during a federal general election and had failed to provide equitable time to them.
In R. v. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation et al., (1993) 51 CPR (3d) 192, the Ontario Court of Appeal held that debates were not of a partisan political character. The Court believed that while the participants in a debate may very well be partisan, the program itself, because it presented more than one view, was not. The court therefore ruled that debates were not covered by the relevant section of the regulations and notwithstanding provisions of under the Canada Elections Act limiting, restricting and in many cases prohibiting contributions of political advertising and broadcasting, declared both acts to be 'a complete code' and therefore there was no requirement to provide any time at all for parties or candidates excluded from debates during election campaigns no matter how many candidates or parties were excluded so long as two or more were included in such programs. (Broadcasters and other media used the same reasoning to exclude commentators and representatives from smaller parties in news and public affairs panels and programs both during and in between elections in Canada.) The case was appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada which refused to grant leave to appeal (without reasons as is the custom) in decision 23881 by Justices La Forest, Sopinka and Major JJ, released on May 6, 1994.[http://scc.lexum.org/decisia-scc-csc/scc-csc/bulletins/en/item/21/index.do] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606203353/http://scc.lexum.org/decisia-scc-csc/scc-csc/bulletins/en/item/21/index.do|date=2013-06-06}} Judgements of the Supreme Court of Canada, Bulletin of May 6, 1994 Subsequently, the CRTC issued Public Notice CRTC 1995–44, Election-period broadcasting: Debates, which stated, In view of this judgment, the commission will no longer require that so-called "debates" programs feature all rival parties or candidates in one or more programs.[http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/1995/pb95-44.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601101146/http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/1995/PB95-44.HTM|date=2013-06-01}} Public Notice CRTC 1995-44
In both the 1993 election and the 2000 election, Greg Vezina working as an independent producer, the Green Party and the Natural Law Party of Canada organized All Party Leaders' Debates which invited the leaders of all registered and accredited parties to participate. On both occasions the leaders of the major parties declined, but the leaders of the other smaller political parties participated. While all other members of the Election Broadcasting Consortium failed to broadcast the 1993 program after announcing they would, in both the 1993 and 2000 the one-hour debates were carried on CBC Newsworld and the debates and another hour of town hall questions and answers afterword on CPAC (English: Cable Public Affairs Channel and in French: La Chaîne d'affaires publiques par câble). The debates were widely covered by the media including the Globe and Mail who wrote about the 2000 debate.[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/fringe-debate-features-less-yelling-better-karma/article1043880/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322162439/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/fringe-debate-features-less-yelling-better-karma/article1043880/|date=2019-03-22}} Globe and Mail Nov. 20, 2000, Fringe debate features less yelling, better karma" The 2000 Debate was the first of its kind broadcast and archived on the Internet on the Democracy Channel website [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljrYJ2zMFac] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411052726/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljrYJ2zMFac|date=2016-04-11}} link to Democracy Channel website http://democracychannel.net {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015075048/http://democracychannel.net/|date=2013-10-15}}
Prior to the 2008 election, the Green Party, which, from at least the 1997 election until 2008, was consistently the highest-polling party among those without a seat in Parliament, had unsuccessfully argued on several occasions for a role in the debates.
In the 1993 French-language debate, Reform Party leader Preston Manning opted to make only an opening statement, as he was only fluent in English at the time.{{cite news |first=Chantal |last=Hébert |author-link=Chantal Hébert |title=Networks have lost their journalistic backbone |url=https://www.thestar.com/FederalElection/article/496450 |work=Toronto Star |date=2008-09-10 |access-date=2008-09-10 |archive-date=2008-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911065620/http://www.thestar.com/FederalElection/article/496450 |url-status=live }} However, as parties with seats in the House of Commons prior to the election, they qualified regardless of this criticism.
1968 debate
{{see also|1968 Canadian federal election}}
| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | Party leaders and participants |
| File:Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau 1975 (UPI press photo) (cropped).jpg
|File:Robert Stanfield 1968 press photo.jpg | |
| Pierre Trudeau, Liberal |
| File:Premier Tommy Douglas (F1257 s1057 it2743).jpg |
| Tommy Douglas, NDP |
Present at Canada's first leaders debate, held on June 9, 1968, were Liberal leader and prime minister Pierre Trudeau, Progressive Conservative leader Robert Stanfield, New Democratic Party (NDP) leader Tommy Douglas and Réal Caouette of the Ralliement créditiste. Réal Caouette, speaking only in French, was present only during the latter of the part whilst Douglas and Stanfield only debated in English. Trudeau alternated between French and English.
Private network CTV originally proposed a 90-minute debate between only Trudeau and Stanfield, prompting the NDP to protest. Trudeau demanded that all leaders be included and that the debate be in both official languages. Ultimately, the debate was organized jointly by CTV and CBC/Radio-Canada as a two-hour event with Trudeau, Stanfield and Douglas debating for the 80 minutes, and Creditiste leader Caouette joining in for the final 40 minutes. Simultaneous translation was provided. Alexander Bell Patterson, leader of the rump Social Credit Party of Canada, was not included.{{Cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/05/25/ruffled-feathers-power-p_n_7434208.html |title=Canada's First TV Debate in 1968 Was Also a Huge Headache |access-date=2016-10-05 |archive-date=2016-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006051356/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/05/25/ruffled-feathers-power-p_n_7434208.html |url-status=live }}
The debate was conducted in Parliament's Confederation Hall; moderators were Pierre Nadeau of Radio-Canada/CBC and Charles Templeton of CTV with questions from a panel of journalists made up of Ron Collister, Tom Gould, and Jean-Marc Poliquin.{{Cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/1968-leaders-debate |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-10-05 |archive-date=2016-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006051441/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/1968-leaders-debate |url-status=live }}
Six years earlier, during the 1962 federal election, Liberal leader Lester Pearson had challenged Progressive Conservative prime minister John Diefenbaker to a televised debate but was turned down.
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1979 debate
{{see also|1979 Canadian federal election}}
| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | Party leaders and participants |
| File:Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau 1975 (UPI press photo) (cropped).jpg |
| Pierre Trudeau, Liberal |{{center|Joe Clark, |
After an 11-year absence during which no debates were held during the 1972 and 1974 federal elections, there was one English-language debate conducted during the 1979 campaign, held in Ottawa by a broadcasting consortium consisting of CBC/Radio-Canada, CTV, Global Television Network, and TVA. The debate was moderated by then Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Western Ontario, and future Governor General, David Johnston.{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBfDSimvCFY |title=1979 Canadian Federal Election Debate - YouTube |website=YouTube |date=23 July 2015 |access-date=2015-08-17 |archive-date=2016-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313104334/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBfDSimvCFY |url-status=live }}
The three participants were Liberal leader and incumbent prime minister Pierre Trudeau, Progressive Conservative leader Joe Clark, and NDP leader Ed Broadbent. Fabien Roy, leader of the Social Credit Party of Canada, was not invited to the debate even though the party had 9 sitting MPs at the time of the debate.
The two-hour long debate was conducted in Ottawa on May 13, 1979, in the studios of CJOH-TV and moderated by McGill University principal David Johnston, who would go on to become Governor General of Canada two decades later. Questions were asked by a panel of journalists consisting of the CBC's David Halton, Global Television's Peter Desbarats, and Bruce Phillips of CTV.{{Cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/1979-leaders-debate |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-10-05 |archive-date=2016-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006051447/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/1979-leaders-debate |url-status=live }}
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1984 debates
{{see also|1984 Canadian federal election}}
| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | Party leaders and participants |
| File:Finance Minister John Turner speaks to reporters 1975 (cropped).jpg |
| John Turner, Liberal |{{center|Brian Mulroney, |
Three debates were held in 1984, two organized by the broadcasting consortium (one each in English and French) and one on women's issues organized by the National Action Committee on the Status of Women. Leaders participating in the 1984 debates were Liberal leader and prime minister John Turner, Progressive Conservative leader Brian Mulroney, and NDP leader Ed Broadbent.
The most notable moment of the main English language debate was when Mulroney confronted Turner over his approval of patronage appointees by the outgoing prime minister, Trudeau in which Mulroney scolded Turner, telling him "You had an option, sir. You could have said, 'I am not going to do it. This is wrong for Canada, and I am not going to ask Canadians to pay the price.' You had an option, sir — to say 'no' — and you chose to say 'yes' to the old attitudes and the old stories of the Liberal Party. That sir, if I may say respectfully, that is not good enough for Canadians.. " The Progressive Conservatives won a landslide majority, leaving the Liberals nearly tied for second place with the NDP.
The broadcast consortium's French-language debate was held on July 24, 1984 and the two-hour English-language debate was held the next day. Both debates were held in Ottawa and conducted in the studios of CJOH-TV. The moderator for the English debate was McGill principal David Johnston, who also moderated the 1979 debate. Questions were asked by a panel of journalists consisting of the CBC's David Halton, Global's Peter Truman, and CTV's Bruce Phillips.{{Cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/1984-leaders-debate |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-10-05 |archive-date=2016-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006145803/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/1984-leaders-debate |url-status=live }}
The Leaders' debate on women's issues during the 1984 Canadian federal election campaign was held on August 15, 1984 at the Royal York Hotel in Toronto. Panellists were Eleanor Wachtel, a Vancouver freelance writer, Kay Sigurjonsson, an NAC founding member and director of the Federation of Women Teachers' Associations of Ontario, Francine Harel-Giasson, a professor at the University of Montreal business school, and Renée Rowan, columnist for Le Devoir, and the moderator of the debate was Caroline Andrew, chairman of the political science department at the University of Ottawa. The debate was jointly broadcast by four TV networks: CBC, Radio-Canada, CTV and Global.{{cite news |first=John |last=Cruickshank |author2=Regina Hickl-Szabo |author3=Ross Howard |author4=Jeff Sallot |title=Issue of trust left hanging after debate |work=The Globe and Mail |date=1984-08-16 |pages=1, 4 |quote=A Liberal government also would make affirmative-action hiring programs mandatory in the federal public service, Crown corporations and federally incorporated private businesses, Mr. Turner said.}}
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1988 debates
{{see also|1988 Canadian federal election}}
| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | Party leaders and participants |
| File:Brian Mulroney (cropped).jpg
|File:Finance Minister John Turner speaks to reporters 1975 (cropped).jpg |
| {{center|Brian Mulroney, Prog. Conservative}} |
The leaders participating were Progressive Conservative leader, and prime minister, Brian Mulroney, Liberal leader John Turner and NDP leader Ed Broadbent.
Debates were held by the consortium in English and French. The three-hour French debate occurred on October 24, 1988, and the three hour English debate was conducted in Ottawa on October 25, 1988 and was moderated by Rosalie Abella. Questions were asked by a panel of journalists made up of the CBC's David Halton, CTV's Pamela Wallin, and Global's Doug Small.
Mulroney's government was re-elected with a reduced majority.
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1993 debates
{{see also|1993 Canadian federal election}}
| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | Party leaders and participants |
| File:Prime Minister Kim Campbell of Canada (42-WHPO-P05407-13-1) (cropped).jpg |
| Kim Campbell, Prog. Conservative |
| File:Lucien Bouchard02 crop.jpg |
| Lucien Bouchard, Bloc Québécois | |
The leaders participating were Progressive Conservative leader, and prime minister, Kim Campbell, Liberal leader Jean Chrétien, NDP leader Audrey McLaughlin, Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard and Reform Party leader Preston Manning. The governing PCs were reduced to two seats, while the NDP won nine seats. The Bloc Québécois formed the official opposition, while the Reform Party emerged as Canada's main conservative movement.
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1997 debates
{{see also|1997 Canadian federal election}}
| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | Party leaders and participants |
| File:Jean Chrétien 1993.jpg |
| Jean Chrétien, Liberal |
| File:Mcdonoughalexa.jpg |
| Alexa McDonough, NDP | |
The leaders participating were Liberal leader and prime minister Jean Chrétien, Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe, Reform Party leader Preston Manning, NDP leader Alexa McDonough and Progressive Conservative leader Jean Charest. The Liberals were re-elected with a reduced majority, the Reform Party replaced the Bloc as official opposition, while the NDP and PCs made significant gains (for the NDP in the Atlantic provinces and the PCs in Quebec) but remained fourth and fifth place respectively.
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2000 debates
{{see also|2000 Canadian federal election}}
| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | Party leaders and participants |
| File:Jean Chrétien 1993.jpg |
| Jean Chrétien, Liberal |
| File:Mcdonoughalexa.jpg |
| Alexa McDonough, NDP | |
The leaders participating were Liberal leader and prime minister Jean Chrétien, Canadian Alliance leader Stockwell Day, Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe, NDP leader Alexa McDonough and Progressive Conservative leader Joe Clark. The Liberals were re-elected with an enlarged majority, the Canadian Alliance (formed by the Reform Party and some PC Party members) failed to make gains outside of the West, while the Bloc Québécois, NDP and PCs all experienced a relative decline.
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2004 debates
{{see also|2004 Canadian federal election}}
| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | Party leaders and participants |
| File:Paul Martin in 2006 (3x4).jpg |
| Paul Martin, Liberal |
| Image:Gilles Duceppe2.jpg |
| Gilles Duceppe, Bloc Québécois |
The leaders participating were Liberal leader and prime minister Paul Martin, Conservative Party leader Stephen Harper, Bloc Quebecois leader Gilles Duceppe, and NDP leader Jack Layton.
The Liberals were re-elected with a minority, while the Conservative Party (formed by an Alliance-PC merger) made gains in Ontario. A rejuvenated NDP also made gains in Ontario, and a rejuvenated Bloc Quebecois made gains in Québec.
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2005–2006 debates
{{see also|2006 Canadian federal election}}
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| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | Party leaders and participants |
| File:Paul Martin in 2006 (3x4).jpg |
| Paul Martin, Liberal |
| Image:Gilles Duceppe2.jpg |
| Gilles Duceppe, Bloc Québécois |
There were four debates for the 2006 election. The first two were held in Vancouver. The French-language debate was on Thursday, December 15, 2005, followed the next day by the English debate. The English debate was moderated by Trina McQueen, who was President and COO of CTVGlobemedia from 2000 to 2002. The final debates were scheduled for Gatineau and Montréal, the English-language debate on Monday, January 9, the French-language debate on January 10.
The four participants were Liberal leader and incumbent prime minister Paul Martin, Conservative leader Stephen Harper, NDP leader Jack Layton, and Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe.
The Conservatives were elected with a minority government, while the Liberals became official opposition. Bloc Québécois support remained mostly stagnant, while the NDP made modest gains.
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2008 debates
{{see also|2008 Canadian federal election#Leaders' debates}}
| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | Party leaders and participants |
| File:Stephen Harper by Remy Steinegger Infobox.jpg |
| Stephen Harper Conservative |
| File:Gilles Duceppe2.jpg |
| Gilles Duceppe, Bloc Québécois | |
Two debates took place during the 2008 election. The French-language debate was on October 1 from 8:00 to 10:00 p.m. EDT and was moderated by Stéphan Bureau. The English-language debate was held the following evening, from 9:00 to 11:00 p.m. EDT, and was moderated by Steve Paikin. Both were held at the National Arts Centre in Ottawa.[http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/September2008/08/c2613.html News Release – 2008 Leaders' Debate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912014948/http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/September2008/08/c2613.html |date=2008-09-12 }}, September 8, 2008 The timing of the English debate, at exactly the same time as the previously-scheduled U.S. vice presidential debate, means that Canadian networks did not have to preempt any popular simulcast American programming in order to carry the domestic broadcast. Sources close to the consortium reported that this was indeed a key motivation for choosing the October 2 date.{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/FederalElection/article/507472|title=It's duelling debates for Canadian viewers|first=Richard|last=Brennan|work=Toronto Star|date=2008-09-27|access-date=2008-09-30|archive-date=2008-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929090454/http://www.thestar.com/FederalElection/article/507472|url-status=live}}
The five participants were Conservative leader and incumbent prime minister Stephen Harper, Liberal leader Stéphane Dion, NDP leader Jack Layton, Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe, and Green Party leader Elizabeth May.
The consortium had announced that the Greens would again be excluded from the debates even though sitting MP Blair Wilson had crossed the floor to the Greens just prior to dissolution. Two parties, the Conservatives and the NDP, opposed the inclusion of the Green Party, citing a deal struck between the Green Party and Liberals where the Liberals would not run in Green Party leader Elizabeth May's riding, Central Nova, and the Green party in Liberal leader Stéphane Dion's riding, Saint-Laurent—Cartierville. Stephen Harper and Jack Layton said that if the Green Party were included, they would not participate in the Leaders' Debates. Dion said that while he supports May's inclusion, he would not attend if the prime minister did not, and the Bloc Québécois said it never threatened to boycott the debates.{{cite web | title=Green leader blames Harper, Layton for being barred from debates | work=canada.com | url=http://www.canada.com/windsorstar/story.html?id=ce3e7a10-554b-4aa7-ad89-5bef5927cd98 | access-date=2008-09-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916195727/http://www.canada.com/windsorstar/story.html?id=ce3e7a10-554b-4aa7-ad89-5bef5927cd98 | archive-date=2008-09-16 | url-status=dead }} The media consortium in charge of the debate decided that it would prefer to broadcast the debates with the four major party leaders, rather than risk not at all. The Green Party indicated it would lodge a formal complaint with the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC).{{cite web | title=News Release – 2008 Leaders' Debates | work=CNW group | url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/September2008/08/c2613.html | access-date=2008-09-09 | archive-date=2008-09-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912014948/http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/September2008/08/c2613.html | url-status=live }}{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/greens-can-t-participate-in-leaders-debates-networks-rule-1.757797 |title=Greens can't participate in leaders debates, networks rule |access-date=2008-09-09 |last=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date=September 2008 |work=CBC News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911195619/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/greens-can-t-participate-in-leaders-debates-networks-rule-1.757797 |archive-date=September 11, 2008 }} Tony Burman, a former CBC News Chief and Chair of the Network Consortium, called the process "a sham" and called for an independent body to govern the debates.{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080910.wburman0910/BNStory/politics/home|title=Former CBC News chief: The election debate process is a sham|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=2008-09-11|location=Toronto|first=Tony|last=Burman|date=September 10, 2008|archive-date=2008-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913134850/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080910.wburman0910/BNStory/politics/home|url-status=live}}
A considerable public outcry resulted, with extensive coverage on TV, radio, and websites.{{cite news|title=May gets green light with a push from the people |work=Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080911.ELECTDEBATE11/TPStory/National |access-date=2008-09-11 |location=Toronto |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914012556/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080911.ELECTDEBATE11/TPStory/National |archive-date=September 14, 2008 }} The NDP leader in particular came under pressure from his own members and supporters.{{cite news | title=May pins hopes on outcry | work=The Star | url=https://www.thestar.com/FederalElection/article/496459 | access-date=2008-09-11 | location=Toronto | first=Tonda | last=MacCharles | date=September 10, 2008 | archive-date=2008-09-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913012317/http://www.thestar.com/FederalElection/article/496459 | url-status=live }} Former prime minister Joe Clark called for May to be included.{{cite news|title=Let Elizabeth May speak |work=Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080910.COCLARK10/TPStory/TPComment/Television |access-date=2008-09-11 |location=Toronto |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913125750/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080910.COCLARK10/TPStory/TPComment/Television/ |archive-date=September 13, 2008 }} On September 10, the Conservatives and NDP announced they no longer opposed May's participation; shortly thereafter, the consortium invited May to participate.[http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/September2008/10/c3505.html Broadcast Consortium to invite Elizabeth May to participate in 2008 Leaders' Debates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609213120/http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/September2008/10/c3505.html |date=2011-06-09 }}, press release, September 10, 2008
=Format and draw results=
The following format was to be followed for the 2008 debates:[http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/September2008/19/c6669.html Broadcast Consortium press release] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921071254/http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/September2008/19/c6669.html |date=2008-09-21 }}, September 19, 2008
- Each leader will have 45 seconds for an opening statement, and the same length for a closing statement.
- The debates will each be divided into eight themed segments (one question per theme). The leaders will be informed of the themes, but not the questions, five days prior to the debates.
- Questions will be posed by Canadians via pre-taped segments. These will be selected from questions submitted to the consortium via email.
- For each question, each leader will have 45 seconds to respond, followed by eight minutes of open debate.
The parties and the consortium later agreed to allot additional time to the economy because of the 2008 financial crisis. The opening and closing statements have been eliminated.[https://www.thestar.com/FederalElection/article/509367 Economy engulfs TV debates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027060002/http://www.thestar.com/FederalElection/article/509367 |date=2012-10-27 }}, Bruce Campion-Smith, Toronto Star, October 1, 2008
Pursuant to draws held on September 19, the following order was used for the debates:
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%" | ||||||
| Language | Order of: | First | Second | Third | Fourth | Fifth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rowspan="2" | French
!Responses to first question |Conservative |Liberal |Green |Bloc |NDP | ||||||
| Post-debate scrums
|Bloc |Conservative |Liberal |Green |NDP | ||||||
| rowspan="2" | English
!Responses to first question |Green |Liberal |Conservative |NDP |Bloc | ||||||
| Post-debate scrums
|Liberal |Green |Bloc |NDP |Conservative |
The Conservatives were re-elected with a slightly increased minority, the Liberals suffered losses but remained official opposition, the Bloc suffered minor losses and the NDP again made modest gains.
2011 debates
{{See also|2011 Canadian federal election#Leaders' debates}}
| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Party leaders and participants |
| File:Stephen Harper by Remy Steinegger Infobox.jpg
|File:Victoria, BC Liberal Town Hall Forum public libéral.jpg |
| Stephen Harper, Conservative |
| File:Gilles Duceppe2.jpg |
| Gilles Duceppe, Bloc Québécois |
Two debates took place during the 2011 election. The English-language debate was held on April 12, 2011 from 7:00 to 9:00 p.m. EDT, and was moderated by Steve Paikin. The French-language debate was held on April 13 from 8:00 to 10:00 p.m. EDT and was co-moderated by Paul Larocque and Anne-Marie Dussault. Both were held at the Government Conference Centre in Ottawa.[http://www.ottawasun.com/news/decision2011/2011/04/12/17965761.html News Article – Canadians heard our message: Leaders], April 12, 2011 After the original date was chosen for the French debate, a Montreal Canadiens playoff hockey game was scheduled for the same day, causing the debate to be moved one night forward. The four participants in both debates were Conservative leader and incumbent prime minister Stephen Harper, Liberal leader Michael Ignatieff, NDP leader Jack Layton, and Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe. Green Party leader Elizabeth May was excluded from the debate by the media consortium, as her party did not have representation in the House of Commons.[https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/leaders-debates-set-without-may-1.976646 News Article – Leaders' debates set without May], March 30, 2011
The English debate was best known for Layton's attack on Ignatieff for having the worst House of Commons attendance record of any of the party leaders. Layton said, "You know, most Canadians, if they don't show up for work, they don't get a promotion." This quote has been compared to Brian Mulroney's "You had an option, sir — you could have said 'no'." rebuttal to John Turner.{{cite web|url=http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2011/08/23/scott-stinson-10-moments-that-helped-shape-layton%E2%80%99s-political-career/ |title=Scott Stinson: 10 moments that helped shape Layton's political career | Canada | National Post |access-date=2011-09-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712043947/http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2011/08/23/scott-stinson-10-moments-that-helped-shape-layton%E2%80%99s-political-career/ |archive-date=2012-07-12 }}
The new Conservative Party won its first majority mandate, and the NDP formed the official opposition for the first time with 103 seats. Conservative gains came mostly at the expense of the Liberals in the GTA, while NDP gains came from equally from the Bloc Quebecois, Liberals and Conservatives in Quebec, and to a lesser extent from the Liberals in Ontario (primarily Toronto). The Liberals came in third (34 seats and less than 19% of the vote), while the Bloc Québécois was reduced to only 4 seats. The Greens won their first seat in British Columbia.
{{clear}}
2015 debates
{{See also|2015 Canadian federal election#Leaders' debates}}
| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | Party leaders and participants |
| File:Stephen-Harper-Cropped-2014-02-18.jpg |
| Stephen Harper, Conservative |
| File:Gilles Duceppe 2011 (cropped).jpg |
| Gilles Duceppe, Bloc Québécois | |
Traditionally, party leaders participated in at least two nationally televised debates during the federal election – at least one each in English and French. These debates were produced by a consortium of Canada's major television networks.{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/broadcasters-fight-back-against-federal-leaders-debate-changes/article24442646/|title=Broadcasters fight back against federal leaders' debate changes|work=The Globe and Mail|date=14 May 2015 |access-date=May 28, 2015|archive-date=May 21, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521060329/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/broadcasters-fight-back-against-federal-leaders-debate-changes/article24442646/|url-status=live|last1=Chase |first1=Steven }} In May 2015, the Conservatives said they would not participate in the consortium debates and instead would take part in as many as five independently staged debates in the run-up to the fall federal election. Ultimately, the Conservatives agreed to participate in a French-language debate organized by the consortium of broadcasters as one of their five debates.{{cite news|last1=Payton|first1=Laura|title=Harper, Mulcair and Trudeau confirm participation in Munk Debates, 2nd French debate|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-ndp-debates-aug11-1.3186042|access-date=August 12, 2015|work=CBC News|date=August 12, 2015|archive-date=August 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812000500/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-ndp-debates-aug11-1.3186042|url-status=live}} The New Democratic Party confirmed that Tom Mulcair would accept every debate where the Prime Minister was present. The NDP had previously confirmed their intention to participate in both of the consortium debates before Stephen Harper withdrew{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-ndp-threatens-to-pull-out-of-broadcasters-debates-1.3175720|title=Canada election 2015: NDP threatens to pull out of broadcasters' debates|date=July 31, 2015|work=cbc.ca|access-date=August 1, 2015|archive-date=August 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801222749/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-ndp-threatens-to-pull-out-of-broadcasters-debates-1.3175720|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/election-debate-dates-set-by-broadcasters-without-conservatives-1.3145190|title=Election debate dates set by broadcasters without Conservatives|last=Payton|first=Laura|publisher=CBC News|date=July 9, 2015|access-date=August 6, 2015|archive-date=August 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818124920/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/election-debate-dates-set-by-broadcasters-without-conservatives-1.3145190|url-status=live}} but ultimately only participated in the French language consortium debate which included the Conservatives. Liberal leader Justin Trudeau attended the Maclean's, Globe and Mail, and French consortium debates; and the Liberals confirmed he would attend the other debates.{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/conservatives-ndp-agree-to-globe-election-debate-on-economy/article24510188/|title=Conservatives, NDP agree to Globe election debate on economy|work=The Globe and Mail|date=20 May 2015 |access-date=2017-08-25|archive-date=2015-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524174109/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/conservatives-ndp-agree-to-globe-election-debate-on-economy/article24510188/|url-status=live|last1=Chase |first1=Steven }}{{cite web|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1540825/federal-election-debate-announcement-first-ever-federal-election-debate-on-foreign-policy-proposed|title=Munk Debates – Federal Election Debate Announcement – First Ever Federal Election Debate on Foreign Policy Proposed|work=newswire.ca}}{{cite web|url=http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/politique/2015/05/22/004-debats-electoraux-groupe-tva-accord-quatre-partis-federaux.shtml|title=Harper, Mulcair, Trudeau et Beaulieu croiseront le fer à TVA – ICI.Radio-Canada.ca|work=Radio-Canada.ca|date=22 May 2015 |access-date=2015-08-01|archive-date=2015-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923090311/http://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/politique/2015/05/22/004-debats-electoraux-groupe-tva-accord-quatre-partis-federaux.shtml|url-status=live}} The Bloc Québécois attended the French language consortium debate and confirmed their attendance at the French-language TVA debate. The Green Party attended the Maclean's and French language consortium debates, and confirmed their intention to participate in the English language consortium debate.{{cite web|url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/the-macleans-national-leaders-debate|title=A viewer's guide to the Maclean's National Leaders Debate|work=Macleans.ca|access-date=2015-08-01|archive-date=2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726040013/http://www.macleans.ca/politics/the-macleans-national-leaders-debate/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=Agreement reached for televised French-language 2015 leaders debate|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/2160291/agreement-reached-for-televised-french-language-2015-leaders-debate/|access-date=19 September 2015|work=Global News|date=12 August 2015|archive-date=14 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914162935/http://globalnews.ca/news/2160291/agreement-reached-for-televised-french-language-2015-leaders-debate/|url-status=live}} Strength in Democracy, which had the same number of seats in the House of Commons at dissolution as the Greens and Bloc Québécois, were not invited to participate in any of the televised debates. The leaders of the party objected to their exclusion and launched a petition demanding that all parties represented in Parliament be invited to the debates.{{cite web|title=Strength in Democracy demands to be present in debates|url=http://www.forcesetdemocratie.org/en/293/strength-in-democracy-demands-to-be-present-in-debates/nouvelle.html|publisher=Strength in Democracy|access-date=31 August 2015|date=17 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911223248/http://www.forcesetdemocratie.org/en/293/strength-in-democracy-demands-to-be-present-in-debates/nouvelle.html|archive-date=11 September 2015|url-status=dead}} Other minor parties without representation in the House of Commons were not invited to participate in any of the televised debates.
{{clear}}
Completed televised debates:
Proposed debates:
2019 debates
{{See also|2019 Canadian federal election#Leaders' debates}}
| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | Party leaders and participants |
| width="10em" | {{CSS image crop|Image = Justin Trudeau in 2019 at the G7 (Biarritz) (48622478973) (cropped) (cropped) (cropped).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
|width="10em" | {{CSS image crop|Image = Andrew Scheer portrait style (cropped).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}} |width="10em" | {{CSS image crop|Image = Jagmeet Singh at the 2nd National Bike Summit - Ottawa - 2018 (42481105871) (cropped v2).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}} |
| Justin Trudeau, Liberal |
| {{CSS image crop|Image = Yves-Francois Blanchet in October 2009.jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
|{{CSS image crop|Image = Elizabeth May in July 2014.jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}} |{{CSS image crop|Image = Maxime Bernier in 2017 - cropped.jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}} |
| Yves-François Blanchet, Bloc Québécois |
The first debate was hosted by Maclean's and Citytv on September 12. Scheer, Singh and May participated. Trudeau declined his invitation.{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-snub-debates-commision-1.5272277 |title=Trudeau snubs Munk, Maclean's/Citytv debates but will attend commission debates |last=CBC News |date=September 5, 2019 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=September 5, 2019 |archive-date=September 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906012705/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-snub-debates-commision-1.5272277 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/justin-trudeau-leaders-deabte_ca_5d66a315e4b063c341f94333 |title=Liberals undecided if Trudeau will be at 1st leader's debate |first=Zi-Ann |last=Lum |work=HuffPost |date=August 28, 2019 |access-date=September 1, 2019 |archive-date=August 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831224818/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/justin-trudeau-leaders-deabte_ca_5d66a315e4b063c341f94333 |url-status=live }} An empty podium was left on stage for him.{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/tasker-leaders-debate-trudeau-no-show-1.5281618|title=Opponents pounce on Liberal record after Trudeau's no-show at leaders' debate|last=Tasker|first=John Paul|date=September 13, 2019|publisher=CBC News|access-date=September 13, 2019|archive-date=September 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913085724/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/tasker-leaders-debate-trudeau-no-show-1.5281618|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/justin-trudeau-empty-podium-first-debate_ca_5d7ae634e4b00d690595b40e|title=Justin Trudeau Wasn't at the Maclean's Debate, But This Empty Podium Was|last=Woods|first=Melanie|date=September 12, 2019|work=HuffPost|access-date=September 13, 2019|archive-date=September 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914045306/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/justin-trudeau-empty-podium-first-debate_ca_5d7ae634e4b00d690595b40e|url-status=live}}
Two official debates were organized and held by the newly created Leaders' Debates Commission.{{Cite news|url=https://debates-debats.ca/en|title=Leaders' Debates Commission|last=Government of Canada|date=April 2019|access-date=July 9, 2019|archive-date=July 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709203946/https://debates-debats.ca/en/|url-status=live}} The English language debate took place on October 7 and the French on October 10.{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-election-debate-moderators-october-1.5253732 |title=CBC's Rosemary Barton to be among federal debate moderators |last=CBC News |date=August 20, 2019 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=August 20, 2019 |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820231407/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-election-debate-moderators-october-1.5253732 |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |url=https://ipolitics.ca/2019/07/31/proposed-dates-for-federal-election-debates-set-for-second-week-of-october |title=Proposed dates for federal election debates set for second week of October |last=Lim |first=Jolson |date=July 31, 2019 |work=iPolitics |access-date=July 31, 2019 |archive-date=July 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731180029/https://ipolitics.ca/2019/07/31/proposed-dates-for-federal-election-debates-set-for-second-week-of-october/ |url-status=live }} Both debates took place at the Canadian Museum of History in Gatineau, Quebec.{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/debate-partnership-dates-1.5231418 |title=English election debate hosted by new media group set for week of Oct. 7 |last=CBC News |date=July 31, 2019 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=July 31, 2019 |archive-date=July 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731232316/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/debate-partnership-dates-1.5231418 |url-status=live }}
On August 12, 2019, the Commissioner extended invitations for Justin Trudeau, Andrew Scheer, Jagmeet Singh, Elizabeth May and Yves-François Blanchet to attend. He also sent a letter to Maxime Bernier indicating that he did not qualify for the debates at that time, and asked for additional information from the People's Party so that a final decision could be reached by September 16.{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/leaders-debate-commission-maxime-bernier-out-1.5244287|title=Maxime Bernier excluded from initial invitations to leaders' election debates|last=Tasker|first=John Paul|publisher=CBC News|date=August 12, 2019|access-date=August 12, 2019|archive-date=August 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812205517/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/leaders-debate-commission-maxime-bernier-out-1.5244287|url-status=live}} Bernier criticized the decision saying that it would not be a "real debate" without him.{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/maxime-bernier-leaders-debates-1.5251608 |title=Maxime Bernier argues he deserves place in leaders' debates |last=The Canadian Press |publisher=CBC News |date=August 18, 2019 |access-date=August 19, 2019 |archive-date=August 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819024113/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/maxime-bernier-leaders-debates-1.5251608 |url-status=live }} On September 16, the Commission announced that Bernier would be invited to attend the official debates.{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/maxime-bernier-debates-commission-election-1.5285162 |title=Maxime Bernier invited to participate in official commission debates |last=Wherry |first=Aaron |date=September 16, 2019 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=September 16, 2019 |archive-date=July 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706202825/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/maxime-bernier-debates-commission-election-1.5285162 |url-status=live }}
The government established rules in 2018 to determine which party leaders are invited to the official debates.{{Cite news|url=https://orders-in-council.canada.ca/attachment.php?attach=37002&lang=en|title=Order in Council 2018-1322|last=Government of Canada|date=October 29, 2018|access-date=July 12, 2019|archive-date=July 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731145837/https://orders-in-council.canada.ca/attachment.php?attach=37002&lang=en|url-status=live}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2019/05/03/election-2019-debates-commission_a_23721185 |title=Federal Election 2019 Debates Need To Be More Civil And Educational For Voters, Commission Told |last=Bryden |first=Joan |date=May 3, 2019 |work=HuffPost |access-date=July 12, 2019 |archive-date=July 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712234130/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2019/05/03/election-2019-debates-commission_a_23721185/ |url-status=live }} To be invited a party must satisfy two of the following:
- Have at least one member elected under the party's banner;
- Nominate candidates to run in at least 90% of all ridings;
- Have captured at least 4% of the votes in the previous election or be considered by the commissioner to have a legitimate chance to win seats in the current election, based on public opinion polls.
In November 2018, Minister of Democratic Institutions Karina Gould said that Maxime Bernier would qualify for the debates as leader of the People's Party of Canada if the party nominated candidates in 90% of ridings.{{Cite news |url=https://ipolitics.ca/2018/11/22/bernier-can-join-leaders-debates-if-peoples-party-meets-nomination-threshold-gould |title=Bernier can join leaders' debates if People's Party meets nomination threshold: Gould |last=Vigliotti |first=Marco |date=November 22, 2019 |work=iPolitics |access-date=July 12, 2019 |archive-date=July 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712234135/https://ipolitics.ca/2018/11/22/bernier-can-join-leaders-debates-if-peoples-party-meets-nomination-threshold-gould/ |url-status=live }}
{{clear}}
Completed debates:
Cancelled debates:
2021 debates
{{See also|2021 Canadian federal election#Leaders' debates}}
| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | Party leaders and participants |
| width="10em" | {{CSS image crop|Image = Justin Trudeau in 2019 at the G7 (Biarritz) (48622478973) (cropped) (cropped) (cropped).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| width="10em" | {{CSS image crop|Image = Erin O'Toole March 18, 2021 portrait (cropped).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}} | width="10em" | {{CSS image crop|Image = Jagmeet Singh at the 2nd National Bike Summit - Ottawa - 2018 (42481105871) (cropped v2).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}} |
| Justin Trudeau, Liberal |
| {{CSS image crop|Image = Yves-Francois Blanchet in October 2009.jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| 120px | {{CSS image crop|Image = Annamie Paul in Toronto Regent Park (cropped).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 5|oLeft = 0}} |
| Yves-François Blanchet, Bloc Québécois | |
Following the 2019 debates, the Leaders' Debates Commission prepared a report reviewing the 2019 debates and making recommendations for future elections debates.{{cite news |last=The Canadian Press |date=June 1, 2020 |title=Report on federal election leaders' debates suggests permanent commission |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/debate-commission-1.5593724 |work=CBC News |access-date=October 26, 2020 |archive-date=October 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015144423/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/debate-commission-1.5593724 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Johnston |first=David (Debates Commissioner) |date=June 1, 2020 |title=Democracy Matters, Debates Count: A report on the 2019 Leaders' Debates Commission and the future of debates in Canada |url=https://www.debates-debats.ca/en/report |work=Leaders' Debates Commission |access-date=October 26, 2020 |archive-date=November 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102120810/https://www.debates-debats.ca/en/report/ |url-status=live }} The report was released on June 1, 2020.
One of the recommendations of the 2020 Report was for Future Participation Criteria to be set by the Debates Commissioner.{{cite news |last=Johnston |first=David (Debates Commissioner) |date=June 1, 2020 |title=Democracy Matters, Debates Count: A report on the 2019 Leaders' Debates Commission and the future of debates in Canada |url=https://www.debates-debats.ca/en/report |work=Leaders' Debates Commission |access-date=October 26, 2020 |archive-date=November 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102120810/https://www.debates-debats.ca/en/report/ |url-status=live }} The Debate Commissioner released Participation Criteria for the 2021 Election in June 2021.{{cite news |last=Johnston |first=David (Debates Commissioner) |date=June 22, 2021 |title=Leaders' Debates Commissioner David Johnston sets participation criteria for next federal general election |url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/leaders-debates-commissioner-david-johnston-sets-participation-criteria-for-next-federal-general-election-843285606.html }} To be invited a party must satisfy at least one of the following:
- Have at least one member elected under the party's banner;
- Have captured at least 4% of the votes in the previous election; and
- Five days after the date the general election is called, have an average level of national support of at least 4% in Opinion Polls as measured by leading national public opinion polling organizations.
On August 16, 2021 the commission officially invited the leaders of the Bloc Québécois, Conservative Party, Green Party, Liberal Party, and New Democratic Party as those parties had already met the first two criteria.{{cite web |title=Leaders' Debates Commissioner David Johnston issues decision on participation criteria for 44th General Election |url=https://www.debates-debats.ca/en/news/2021/decision-participation-criteria/index.htm |website=Leaders' Debates Commission |access-date=22 August 2021 |date=21 August 2021}} On August 21, 2021 the Commissioner confirmed that neither the People's Party nor Maverick Party met criterion 3, and therefore would not be invited to participate.{{cite news |title=People's Party Leader Maxime Bernier will not be in federal election debates |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-election-debate-decision-participant-leaders-1.6148751 |access-date=22 August 2021 |work=CBC News |date=21 August 2021}}{{cite news |title=People's Party of Canada, Maverick Party left out of federal leaders' debate |url=https://www.cp24.com/news/people-s-party-of-canada-maverick-party-left-out-of-federal-leaders-debate-1.5556359 |access-date=22 August 2021 |work=CP24 |agency=The Canadian Press |date=21 August 2021 |language=en}}{{cite press release|url=https://www.debates-debats.ca/en/news/2021/decision-participation-criteria/|date=August 21, 2021|title=Leaders' Debates Commissioner David Johnston issues decision on participation criteria for 44th General Election|publisher=Leaders' Debates Commission}}
The English-language debate gained notoriety when the moderator posed a question to Blanchet that suggested some in English speaking Canada may view Quebec's law on secularism as "discriminatory". He challenged her use of that word, and the response was seen as a turning point in the Bloc's campaign, which saw an upsurge in the polls after the debate.{{cite web |last1=Stevenson |first1=Verity |title=Controversial question in English debate may have galvanized Bloc voters |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/bloc-debate-reaction-1.6176663 |website=CBC News |access-date=September 26, 2021 |date=September 16, 2021 |archive-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926213012/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/bloc-debate-reaction-1.6176663 |url-status=live }} The Quebec National Assembly passed a motion calling for a formal apology for the question.{{cite web | url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/national/election-2021/national-assembly-calls-for-apology-for-english-debate-question | title=Quebec demands formal apology for controversial question at English debate }}
{{clear}}
2025 debates
{{See also|2025 Canadian federal election#Leaders' debates}}
| style="border: solid 1px #bbb; margin: 0 0 0 1.4em; float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | Party leaders and participants |
| width="10em" | {{CSS image crop|Image = Mark Carney portrait May 2025 (4).jpg|bSize = 130|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 5}}
| width="10em" | {{CSS image crop|Image = Pierre Poilievre in 2023 (edited).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}} | width="10em" | {{CSS image crop|Image = Jagmeet Singh at the 2nd National Bike Summit - Ottawa - 2018 (42481105871) (cropped v2).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}} |
| Mark Carney, Liberal |
| File:Yves-François Blanchet Entrevue no smile 2023 (cropped-2).png
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| Yves-François Blanchet, Bloc Québécois | |
The Leaders’ Debates Commission announced its selected moderators for the 2025 federal election debates in October 2024: the English-language debate will be hosted by TVO's Steve Paikin, while the French-language debate will be hosted by ICI RDI's Patrice Roy.{{cite news |last1=Tasker |first1=John Paul |title=TVO's Steve Paikin will host federal leaders' English-language election debate |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-leaders-debate-next-election-1.7365529 |access-date=March 23, 2025 |work=CBC News |date=October 28, 2025}} The commission released the participation criteria for the 2025 debates on January 14, 2025.{{cite news |author= |date=January 14, 2025 |title=Leaders' Debates Commission issues its participation criteria for next federal general election |url=https://www.debates-debats.ca/en/news/2025/participation-criteria-next-debates/index.htm }} To be invited a party must satisfy at least two of the following:
- on the date the general election is called, the party is represented in the House of Commons by a Member of Parliament who was elected as a member of that party.
- 28 days before the date of the general election, the party receives a level of national support of at least 4%, determined by voting intention, and as measured by leading national public opinion polling organizations, using the average of those organizations' most recently publicly reported results.
- 28 days before the date of the general election, the party has endorsed candidates in at least 90% of federal ridings.
Television network TVA announced its intention to host another French televised debate with the Liberal, Conservative, NDP, and Bloc leaders; but it would require the four parties to each pay $75,000 to cover the cost of putting on the debate.{{cite news|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/11092911/federal-parties-pay-300k-french-debate-tva/|work=Global News|title=TVA says federal parties have to pay total of $300K for head-to-head French debate|agency=The Canadian Press|date=March 21, 2025|accessdate=March 24, 2025}} The second French debate was cancelled after Prime Minister Mark Carney announced that he would not participate in TVA's "Face-à-Face".{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=News |date=2025-03-25 |title=Second French debate cancelled after Carney refuses to participate |url=https://montreal.citynews.ca/2025/03/25/second-french-debate-cancelled-carney/ |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=CityNews Montreal |language=en}}
The Green Party was planned to be represented by its co-leader, Jonathan Pedneault.{{cite web |last=Major |first=Darren |date=March 21, 2025 |title=Green co-leader Jonathan Pedneault to be face of party's national campaign |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/jonathan-pedneault-co-leader-green-party-election-campaign-1.7489822 |website=cbc.ca |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=March 25, 2025}} The party's invitation was rescinded on April 16 as it ultimately ran candidates in 232 ridings (less than 70%) despite earlier telling the Commission that it would run candidates in every riding.{{Cite web |date=16 April 2025 |title=Green Party dropped from leaders' debates for not running enough candidates |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/leaders-debate-commission-green-party-removed-1.7511447 |website=CBC News}} The party subsequently filed a judicial review in the Federal Court, claiming their exclusion from the debates "violated principles of procedural fairness" and that the commission criteria "expressly provided that parties were not required to show that the party had successfully nominated candidates in 90 per cent of ridings". May countered allegations that the party strategically removed candidates to prevent a Conservative win, claiming that certain candidates were unable to obtain the required number of signatures, and that electoral officers rejected several signatures presented by the Green candidates.{{Cite news |title=Green Party applies for judicial review after being kicked out of leaders' debates |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/green-party-legal-application-debates-1.7518215|work=CBC}}
On April 15, the leaders of the Bloc Québécois and the NDP suggested rescheduling the French language debate because of the debate coinciding with the final hockey game of the Montreal Canadiens' regular season, after it became clear the game would decide whether the Canadiens would make the playoffs. The Commission declined to reschedule the debate to a different day, but agreed to move the start time two hours earlier to 6:00 pm EDT.{{cite news |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/11132946/canada-election-leaders-debate-french-postponement-montreal-canadiens-game/ |title=French election debate time moved to avoid Montreal Canadiens game conflict |first=Sean |last=Previl |work=Global News |date=April 15, 2025 |access-date=April 16, 2025}}
A post-debate news scrum after the French language debate was dominated by the far-right Rebel News and other right-wing media outlets, leading to complaints from other journalists at the event.{{cite web |title=‘Canadians deserve better,’ Voters are disappointed after Leaders’ Debates Commission cancelled post-debate scrums due to security concerns |first=Beatriz |last=Ferreira |date=April 18, 2025 |website=NOW Toronto |url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/voters-are-disappointed-after-leaders-debates-commission-cancelled-post-debate-scrums-due-to-security-concerns/ |access-date=April 19, 2025}} Michel Cormier, the Commission's executive director, responded that he was "unaware" that Rebel News and another organization associated with Rebel founder Ezra Levant were registered as third-party advertisers with Elections Canada.{{cite news |title=Debates commission unaware Rebel News registered as advocacy group, official says |first=Darren |last=Major |newspaper=CBC News |date=April 17, 2025 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/rebel-news-rightwing-media-press-conferences-debates-1.7512714 |access-date=April 19, 2025}}{{cite news |title=Party leaders didn't take media questions after the English debate. Here's why |first=Catherine |last=Lévesque |newspaper=National Post |date=April 17, 2025 |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/party-leaders-reporters-questions-english-debate |access-date=April 19, 2025}} In an interview, David Cochrane of CBC News, asked Cormier about the fairness of the distribution of questions among outlets and the type of questions asked. Cormier responded, "There's only so much we can do to control free speech." During the English language debate the next day, CTV News and the Globe and Mail reported a disturbance between Levant and journalists from other outlets, and a Global News reporter suggested that Rebel staff tried to interfere with the live broadcast of the debate. Cormier abruptly cancelled the planned news scrum, citing security concerns, as Montreal Police secured the venue.{{cite news |title=Post-leaders’ debate scrums cancelled due to security concerns |first=Spencer |last=Van Dyk |date=April 17, 2025 |newspaper=CTV News |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/federal-election-2025/article/post-leaders-debate-scrums-cancelled-due-to-security-concerns/ |access-date=April 19, 2025}}
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