Canae
{{Short description|City in ancient Aeolis}}
{{distinguish|Cannae|Cana}}
{{Coord|39|2|N|26|48|E|region:TR_type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox castrum
| name = Canae
Κάναι
| image =
| caption =
| alt_names =
| attested_by =
| type =
| events = Battle of Arginusae
| province = Asia
| nearby_water = Aegean Sea (Dikili Gulf)
| coordinates = {{coord|39|2|19|N|26|48|53|E|display=inline}}
| map = Turkey
| place_name = Kane Promontory (Cane)
| location_town = Bademli
| location_county = İzmir
| location_state = Dikili District
| location_country = Turkey
| discovery_year = 2015
| archaeologists =
}}
Canae {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|eɪ|.|n|iː}} ({{langx|grc|Κάναι}}; {{langx|tr|Kane}}) was, in classical antiquity, a city in ancient Aeolis, on the island of Argennusa in the Aegean Sea off the modern Dikili Peninsula on the coast of modern-day Turkey, near the modern village of Bademli.{{cite news |last=Goldhill |first=Olivia |date=16 November 2015 |title=Researchers just unearthed a lost island in the Aegean |url=http://qz.com/551210/researchers-just-unearthed-a-lost-island-in-the-aegean/ |newspaper=Quartz |location=İzmir |access-date=21 November 2015 }}{{cite book |last=Hamel |first=Debra |date=21 May 2015 |title=The Battle of Arginusae: Victory at Sea and Its Tragic Aftermath in the Final Years of the Peloponnesian War |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfV0CQAAQBAJ |location=U.S.A. |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |page=48 |isbn=978-1-4214-1680-9}} Today Argennusa has joined the mainland as the Kane Promontory off the Dikili Peninsula. Canae is famous as the site of the Battle of Arginusae in 406 B.C.{{cite news |title=Lost ancient island found in the Aegean |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/lost-ancient-island-found-in-the-aegean.aspx?pageID=238&nid=91073 |newspaper=Hurriyet Daily News |location=İzmir |access-date=14 November 2015}}{{cite news |last=Crew |first=Bec |date=20 November 2015 |title=An entire ancient island has been rediscovered in the Aegean: Have we finally found the long-lost city of Kane? |url=http://www.sciencealert.com/an-entire-ancient-island-has-been-rediscovered-in-the-aegean |newspaper=Science Alert |location=İzmir |access-date=21 November 2015 }}
Canae is mentioned by the ancient writers Herodotus, Strabo, Pliny, Livy, Ptolemy, Sappho, Thucydides, and Mela.{{cite encyclopedia |title=Canae |encyclopedia=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography |year=1878 |first=George |last=Long |editor=William Smith |publisher=John Murray |volume=I |location=London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEtBAQAAMAAJ&q=Canae }}{{cite encyclopedia |title=Arginusae |encyclopedia=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography |year=1878 |first=George |last=Long |editor=William Smith |publisher=John Murray |volume=I |location=London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEtBAQAAMAAJ&q=Canae }}
History
According to the first-century Greek geographer Strabo, Canae was founded by Locrians coming from Cynus in eastern Greece.{{cite book |last=Strabo |author-link=Strabo |date=1903 |title=The Geography of Strabo |volume=II |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qz4zAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA388 |translator=H. C. Hamilton and W. Falconer |location=London |publisher=George Bell & Sons |page=388}} Canae was built on the island of Argennusa (also spelt Arginusa), beside a small promontory hill variously called Mount Cane {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|eɪ|.|n|iː}} ({{langx|grc|Κάνη}}), Aega {{IPAc-en|ˈ|iː|ɡ|ə}} (Αἰγᾶ), or Argennon {{IPAc-en|ɑr|ˈ|dʒ|ɛ|n|ə|n}} (Ἄργεννον).Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica The name Canae (Κάναι) means "(city) of Mount Cane"; the district that included Argennusa and the neighboring two islands of Garip and Kalem was called Canaea.
According to the 5th-century B.C. Greek historian Herodotus, the massive Achaemenid army of Xerxes I passed Mount Cane on its way from Sardis to the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 B.C.Herodotus, Histories 7.42Barkworth, 1993. The Organization of Xerxes' Army. Iranica Antiqua Vol. 27, pp. 149–167
During the Peloponnesian War, an Athenian fleet commanded by eight strategoi unexpectedly defeated a Spartan fleet under Callicratidas off the coast of Canae in 406 B.C. in the Battle of Arginusae.
During the Roman–Seleucid War, fought between the Roman Republic and Antiochus the Great in 192–188 B.C., the Roman navy wintered in Canae on their way to Chios. Livy writes that "the ships were hauled on shore and surrounded with a trench and rampart."Livy, Foundation of the City [https://books.google.com/books?id=K39JAAAAIAAJ&dq=livy+%22canae%22&pg=PA289 36.45, 37.8]
By the time of Pliny the Elder in the first century A.D., the city was deserted.Pliny, Natural History 5.30
Archaeology
{{Empty section|date=November 2015}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Classical sources
{{refbegin}}
- Herodotus, The Histories
- Livy, The Foundation of the City
- Pliny the Elder, The Natural History
- Pomponius Mela, De situ orbis
- Ptolemy, Geography
- Sappho, quoted in Strabo (below)
- Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica
- Strabo, Geography
- Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War
{{refend}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20151120221938/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/11/151119-lost-island-aegean-kane-sparta-athens-archaeology/ "Lost Island of Ancient Greece Discovered in Aegean Sea"]
{{Ancient settlements in Turkey}}
{{Ancient Greece topics}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Cities in ancient Greece
Category:Former populated places in Turkey