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Candidula

{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Candidula unifasciata A MRKVICKA.JPG

|image_caption = Two live individuals of Candidula unifasciata

|taxon = Candidula

|authority = Kobelt, 1871{{in lang|de}} Kobelt W. (1871). Catalog der im europäischen Faunengebiet lebenden Binnenconchylien. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der in Rossmässler's Sammlung enthaltenen Arten. pp. I-XVI [= 1-16], 1–150. Cassel. page 22. [http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/digiref/ref-id-3417.pdf PDF].

|type_species = Glischrus (Helix) candidula

|type_species_authority = Studer, 1820

|synonyms_ref =

|synonyms =

  • Xeroalbina Monterosato, 1892
  • Xerocodia Monterosato, 1892
  • Xerotringa Monterosato, 1892
  • Xerovaga Monterosato, 1892

}}

Candidula is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Geomitridae,

.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Candidula Kobelt, 1871. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426353 on 2020-07-25{{Cite journal|last=Razkin|first=Oihana|last2=Gómez-Moliner|first2=Benjamín Juán|last3=Prieto|first3=Carlos Enrique|last4=Martínez-Ortí|first4=Alberto|last5=Arrébola|first5=José Ramón|last6=Muñoz|first6=Benito|last7=Chueca|first7=Luis Javier|last8=Madeira|first8=María José|date=February 2015|title=Molecular phylogeny of the western Palaearctic Helicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=83|pages=99–117|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.014|pmid=25485783}} the hairy snails and their allies.

The genus is characterized by the presence of a big dart sac, a sac containing an arrow-like structure found on a land snail's reproductive organs.

Species

Species within the genus Candidula s.l. include:Welter Schultes F.(2009). [http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/genus?id=679 "Genus summary for Candidula"]. AnimalBase, Accessed 14 November 2014.

;Species brought into synonymy:

  • Candidula arganica (Servain, 1880): synonym of Zarateana arganica (Servain, 1880) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula belemensis (Servain, 1880): synonym of Xeroplexa belemensis (Servain, 1880)
  • Candidula camporroblensis (Fez, 1944): synonym of Backeljaia camporroblensis (Fez, 1944) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula corbellai Martínez-Ortí, 2011: synonym of Backeljaia corbellai (Martínez-Ortí, 2011) (original combination)
  • Candidula coudensis Holyoak & Holyoak, 2010: synonym of Xeroplexa coudensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2010) (original combination)
  • Candidula fiorii (Alzona & Alzona Bisacchi, 1938): synonym of Xerogyra fiorii (Alzona & Alzona Bisachii, 1938) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula gigaxii (Pfeiffer, 1847): synonym of Backeljaia gigaxii (L. Pfeiffer, 1847) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula grovesiana (Paulucci, 1881): synonym of Xerogyra grovesiana (Paulucii, 1881) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula intersecta (Poiret, 1801): synonym of Xeroplexa intersecta (Poiret, 1801) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula najerensis (Ortiz de Zárate y López, 1950): synonym of Backeljaia najerensis (Ortiz de Zárate y López, 1950) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula olisippensis (Servain, 1880): synonym of Xeroplexa olisippensis (Servain, 1880) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula rocandioi (Ortiz de Zárate y López, 1950): synonym of Zarateana rocandioi (Ortiz de Zárate y López, 1950) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula setubalensis (Pfeiffer, 1850): synonym of Xeroplexa setubalensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula spadae (Calcara, 1845): synonym of Xerogyra spadae (Calcara, 1845) (invalid combination)
  • † Candidula striataformis (Lörenthey, 1906): synonym of † Helicella striataformis (Lörenthey, 1906)
  • Candidula ultima (Mousson, 1872): synonym of Orexana ultima (Mousson, 1872) (invalid combination)

Taxonomy

Molecular phylogenetic studies revealed the polyphyly of the genus being divided into at least six genera{{Cite journal|last=Chueca|first=Luis J.|last2=Gómez-Moliner|first2=Benjamín J.|last3=Madeira|first3=María José|last4=Pfenninger|first4=Markus|date=January 2018|title=Molecular phylogeny of Candidula (Geomitridae) land snails inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveals the polyphyly of the genus|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=118|pages=357–368|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.022|pmid=29107619}}

The species of Candidula s.l. should be classified as follows:

References

{{Reflist}}

  • Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017.

External links

{{Commons category}}

{{Wikispecies}}

  • [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33036879 Monterosato, T. A. di. (1892). Molluschi terrestri delle isole adiacenti alla Sicilia. Atti della Reale Accademia di Scienze, Lettere e Belle Arti di Palermo. 3rd Series, 2: 1-34]
  • [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.022 Chueca, L. J., Gómez-Moliner, B. J., Madeira, M. J. & Pfenninger, M. (2018). Molecular phylogeny of Candidula (Geomitridae) land snails inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveals the polyphyly of the genus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 118: 357-368]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1941819}}

Category:Gastropod genera

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