Caran d'Ache
{{Short description|A 19th-century Russian-French satirist and political cartoonist}}
{{for|the Swiss manufacturer of writing instruments|Caran d'Ache (company)}}
{{Infobox comics creator
| image = Carandache 1890.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Photographed 1890 by Atelier Nadar
| birth_name = Emmanuel Poiré
| birth_date = {{birth date|1858|11|06|df=y}}
| birth_place = Moscow, Russian Empire
| death_date = {{death date and age|1909|2|25|1858|11|6|df=y}}
| death_place = Paris, France
| nationality = French
| area =
| alias = Caporal Poiré
| notable works =
| awards =
| relatives = Maria Poiret (sister)
}}
Emmanuel Poiré (6 November 1858 – 25 February 1909), known by the pseudonym Caran d'Ache ({{IPA|fr|kaʁɑ̃ daʃ}}), was a 19th-century Russian-French satirist and political cartoonist.
While his first work glorified the Napoleonic era, he went on to create "stories without words" and as a contributor to newspapers such as the Le Figaro, he is sometimes hailed as one of the precursors of comic strips.
Name
Emmanuel Poiré initially published his illustrations with military themes under the name Caporal Poiré, but later adopted the pseudonym Caran d'Ache, and it was under this name that his work became well known in France. The pseudonym comes from the Russian word {{Lang|ru-Latn|karandash}} ({{lang|ru|карандаш}}) meaning 'pencil',{{Cite web |title=Caran d'Ache - Biography |url=https://www.stephenongpin.com/artist/236850/caran-d-ache |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Stephen Ongpin Fine Art}} which, attested in Russian from the 16th–17th centuries, is in turn a borrowing from a Turkic language.
When the stationery company Fabrique Genevoise de Crayons Ecridor came under new management in 1924, the company was renamed Caran d'Ache, after Poiré, with a nod to the pseudonym's etymological roots.[http://www.carandache.ch/m/la-maison/l-histoire/index.lbl Caran d’Ache and the story of the black stone] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029175803/http://www.carandache.ch/m/la-maison/l-histoire/index.lbl|date=October 29, 2011}}{{Cite web |date=2015-02-10 |title=Pencils of Caran d'Ache |url=https://www.gentlemanstationer.com/blog/2015/2/10/pencils-of-caran-dache |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=The Gentleman Stationer |language=en-US}}
Biography
Born in Moscow on 6 November 1858, d'Ache was the grandson of an Officer-Grenadier in Napoleon's Grande Armée who, wounded during the Battle of Borodino, had stayed behind in Russia.{{Cite web|last=Graphic Witness|title=Le Rire|url=http://www.graphicwitness.org/group/rire.htm}} After his grandfather's death, he was adopted by a Polish family whose daughter he later married. His younger sister, Maria Poiret, became a famous dancer and actress.
In 1877, he emigrated to France where he gained French citizenship and joined the Army for five years, where he was assigned to design uniforms for the ministry of war. He also contributed to their journal La Vie militaire with satirical illustrations, among them some caricatures of the German army.{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Caran d'Ache|volume=5|page=301}}
In 1898 he co-founded the satirical, anti-Dreyfusard weekly magazine Psst... ! along with fellow artist and designer Jean-Louis Forain. The magazine lasted 85 issues and was made up entirely of editorial cartoons by Caran d'Ache and Forain, caricaturing society and its scandals from an antisemitic, pro-Army viewpoint.{{cite web |language=fr |title=La Caricature pendant la 3e République surtout autour de l'Affaire Dreyfus |trans-title=Caricature during the 3rd Republic especially with respect to the Dreyfus Affair |last1=Lambeth |first1=John |url=http://home.wlu.edu/~lambethj/Dreyfus/whitney/dreyfus3.htm |url-status=dead |website=wlu.edu |publisher=Washington & Lee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020619225741/http://home.wlu.edu/~lambethj/Dreyfus/whitney/dreyfus3.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2002 |access-date=November 23, 2017 }}, quoting from {{cite book |language=fr |last=Lethève |first=Jacques |title=La caricature et la presse sous la IIIe République |trans-title=Caricature and the Press in the 3rd Republic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u_g_AAAAIAAJ |series=Kiosque #16 |year=1961 |publisher=Armand Colin |location=Paris |oclc=801910610 }}{{cite journal |language=fr |title=Psst...!(Paris) |last1=Forain |first1=Jean-Louis |last2=d'Ache |first2=Caran |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb328454574/date |date=10 December 2012 |orig-year=1st pub. 1898-1899 |website=BnF Gallica |publisher=Plon |location=Paris |access-date=November 23, 2017 |via= "Source gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France" }}
He died in Paris on 25 February 1909 at the age of 50.
Works
Image:Caran-d-ache-dreyfus-supper.jpg divided the whole of French society. Here, Caran d'Ache depicts a fictional family dinner. At the top, somebody remarks "Above all, let's not discuss the Dreyfus Affair!". At the bottom, the family is fighting and the caption reads, "They discussed it."]]
Much of his work was contributed to La Vie Parisienne, Le Figaro illustré, La Caricature, and Le Chat Noir. He also issued various albums of sketches and posters, some listed below. and illustrated a good many books, notably Benardaky's Prince Kozakokoff.{{cite book |last=Benardaky |title=Prince Kozakokoff |date=1885 |publisher=Librairie Plon |location=Paris |url=https://archive.org/details/gri_33125015600865}}
- 1880: His first drawings of military caricatures were published in La Chronique Parisienne.{{Cite web|last=Lambiek Comiclopedia|title=Caran d'Ache|url=http://lambiek.net/artists/c/carandache.htm}}
- 1892: Caran d'Ache published Carnet de Chèques ("Checkbook") on the Panama Canal Affair.
- 1895: He started publishing editorial cartoons (every Monday) in the daily Le Figaro, and soon thereafter for the popular weekly Le Rire.
- A poster for an «Exposition Russe» in Paris was published in Les Maîtres de l'Affiche.
- 1898: Caran d'Ache published the cartoon {{lang|fr|Un diner en famille}} ("A Family Dinner"), highlighting the intense disagreements in French society regarding the Dreyfus Affair. It appeared a month after Émile Zola's famous J'Accuse, which inflamed and hardened opinion on both sides.{{cite journal |journal=French Politics and Society |last=Marrus |first=Michael R. |title='En Famille': The Dreyfus Affair and Its Myths |publisher=Berghahn Books |issn=0882-1267 |date=1994 |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=77–90 |jstor=42844432 |quote=The point of the cartoon—the volatility of the debate over Dreyfus, its explosive force, its capacity to divide families and by implication an entire country—is one of the most frequently made about the Affair, and one of the reasons why we remember it today, when so many other affaires have been forgotten.}}
Sources
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [http://lambiek.net/artists/c/carandache.htm Caran d'Ache biography] on Lambiek Comiclopedia
{{Authority control (arts)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Caran Dache}}
Category:Naturalized citizens of France
Category:French poster artists
Category:French editorial cartoonists
Category:French comics artists
Category:People from the Russian Empire of French descent