Carex vesicaria
{{Short description|Species of grass-like plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image=Carex vesicaria inflorescense (21).jpg
|status=LC
|status_system=IUCN3.1
|display_parents=3
|genus=Carex
|parent=Carex sect. Vesicariae
|species=vesicaria
|authority=L.
}}
Carex vesicaria is an essentially Holarctic species of sedge known as bladder sedge, inflated sedge, and blister sedge. It has been used to insulate footwear in Norway, Sweden and among the Sami people, and for basketry in North America.
Description
Carex vesicaria is a perennial plant with short creeping rhizomes which grow shoots resembling small tufts. It grows to heights of {{cvt|30|to|120|cm|}}. Its stems are rough near the tip but smoother towards their base. The narrow, ridged and pleated leaves can grow to around {{cvt|1|m|ft}} in length or more, and have fine toothed edges and sharp points. The fruits are erect, glossy and bulbous. The flower clusters are long and cylindrical in shape and each contains up to 150 developing fruits.
{{Gallery
|Carex vesicaria inflorescense (25).jpg|Flowering
|Carex vesicaria kz02.jpg|Sedge meadow in northern Poland
}}
Taxonomy
Distribution
Bladder sedge has a circumpolar, boreo-temperate distribution. It is native to northern North America being recorded over most of Canada and the northern United States, as far south as California. It can also be found in nearly all of northern Europe and northern Asia as far as Japan and Korea. It is widespread in Britain and Ireland although it is absent from the Orkney and Shetland and very rare in the Western Isles.
Habitat
Carex vesicaria grows in damp habitats, mostly in mesotrophic soils which are slightly basic, in areas where the water table is at or above the soil surface. It grows along edge of many types of waterbodies, as well as damp depressions in pastures and in wet woodlands. It can also colonise wet areas Where pits have been created for extraction of aggregates such as sand, gravel, or clay.
In Britain it has an altitude range of {{cvt|0-455|m|ft}} with the highest plants being found at Llyn Gorast in Cardiganshire.
Uses
File:Harvesting Carex vesicaria in Førstevann.jpg
Carex vesicaria was cultivated in North America by indigenous people as its rhizomes were used for basketry,{{cite web |url=https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CAVE6 |title=Carex vesicaria |access-date=22 March 2020 |work=Plant Database |publisher=Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center}} The dried fibres, were sometimes used as thermal insulation in footwear in polar regions, are known as sennegrass, saennegrass or similar, from the plant's Bokmål name sennegras.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=upcoFJXWT38C&q=Carex+vesicaria+insulation&pg=PA308 |access-date=22 March 2020 |title=The Antarctic Dictionary: A Complete Guide to Antarctic English |author=Bernadette Hince |publisher=Csiro Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=0643102329}}
References
External links
- [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7928,7931,8076 Jepson Manual Treatment - Carex vesicaria]
- [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Carex+vesicaria Carex vesicaria - Photo gallery at Calphotos]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q157765}}
Category:Flora of Northern America