Carillion

{{Short description|British construction company, 1999–2018}}

{{About|the British company|the musical instrument|Carillon}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}

{{EngvarB|date=January 2018}}

{{Infobox company

| name = Carillion plc

| logo = carillion.png

| type = Public limited company

| traded_as = {{lse|CLLN}}

| defunct = {{End date|2018|01|15|df=yes}}

| fate = Compulsory liquidation

| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1999}} (demerger from Tarmac)

| location = Wolverhampton, West Midlands, United Kingdom

| key_people = {{ubl

|Philip Nevill Green CBE (former chairman)

|Richard Howson (former CEO)

|Keith Cochrane (former interim CEO)

}}

| industry = Construction, civil engineering, facilities management

| products =

| revenue = £5,214.2M (2016){{cite web |url=https://carillionplc-uploads-shared.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/0615KP-2016-prelim-announcement-full-original.pdf |title=Preliminary Results for year ended 31 December 2016 |publisher=Carillion |access-date=18 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318174245/https://carillionplc-uploads-shared.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/0615KP-2016-prelim-announcement-full-original.pdf |archive-date=18 March 2017 |url-status=dead }}

| operating_income = £235.9M (2016)

| net_income = £129.5M (2016)

| num_employees = c. 43,000; with 19,000 in the UK (2016){{efn|Carillion's Annual Report and Accounts for the year ending 31 December 2016 said the group had 31,628 employees - 19,256 in the UK and 12,372 overseas - plus 11,429 staff employed in joint ventures located in the Middle East.{{cite web |title=Carillion Annual Report and Accounts 2016 |url=https://carillionplc-uploads-shared.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/0930AQ-carillion-annual-report-2016-original.pdf |access-date=27 March 2018 |page=105 |publisher=Carillion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116081306/http://carillionplc-uploads-shared.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/0930AQ-carillion-annual-report-2016-original.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2018 |url-status=dead }}}}{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/15/carillion-what-went-wrong-liquidation-staff |title=What went wrong with Carillion and where does it go from here? |first=Julia |last=Kollewe |date=15 January 2018 |newspaper=The Guardian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129124221/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/15/carillion-what-went-wrong-liquidation-staff |archive-date=29 January 2018 |url-status=live}}

| parent =

| subsid =

| homepage = {{URL|pwc.co.uk/carillion}}

| footnotes =

}}

Carillion plc was a British multinational construction and facilities management services company headquartered in Wolverhampton in the United Kingdom, prior to its liquidation in January 2018.{{cite web |url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/03782379/insolvency |title=CARILLION PLC (03782379) overview |author=Companies House |publisher=gov.uk |access-date=5 May 2018 |quote=Commencement of winding up: 15 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728124423/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/03782379/insolvency |archive-date=28 July 2021 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/03782379 |title=CARILLION PLC (03782379) insolvency |publisher=gov.uk |author=Companies House |access-date=5 May 2018 |quote=Company status: Liquidation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728124423/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/03782379 |url-status=live |archive-date=28 July 2021}}

Carillion was created in July 1999, following a demerger from Tarmac. It grew through a series of acquisitions to become the second largest construction company in the United Kingdom,{{cite news |title=Carillion's collapse raises questions about pension protection |url=https://www.economist.com/news/britain/21734873-workers-will-keep-most-their-benefits-protection-fund-viable-long |access-date=16 January 2018 |newspaper=The Economist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116004354/https://www.economist.com/news/britain/21734873-workers-will-keep-most-their-benefits-protection-fund-viable-long |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-date=16 January 2018 }} was listed on the London Stock Exchange, and in 2016 had some 43,000 employees (18,257 of them in the United Kingdom). Concerns about Carillion's debt situation were raised in 2015, and after the company experienced financial difficulties in 2017, it went into compulsory liquidation on 15 January 2018, the most drastic procedure in UK insolvency law, with liabilities of almost £7 billion.

In the United Kingdom, the insolvency caused project shutdowns and delays in the UK and overseas (PFI projects in Ireland were suspended, while four of Carillion's Canadian businesses sought legal bankruptcy protection), job losses (over 3,000 redundancies in Carillion alone, plus others among its suppliers), financial losses to clients, joint venture partners and lenders, to Carillion's 30,000 suppliers (some of which were pushed into insolvency), and to 27,000 pensioners, and could cost UK taxpayers up to £180M. It also led to questions and multiple parliamentary inquiries about the conduct of the firm's directors, its auditors (KPMG), the Financial Reporting Council and The Pensions Regulator, and about the UK Government's relationships with major suppliers working on private finance initiative (PFI) schemes and other privatised outsourcing of public services (in October 2018, the UK Government said no new PFI projects would be started). It also prompted legislation proposals to reform industry payment systems, consultations on new government procurement processes to promote good payment practices, and proposed FRC reforms to the treatment of directors' bonuses paid in shares.

The May 2018 report of a Parliamentary inquiry by the Business and the Work and Pensions Select Committees said Carillion's collapse was "a story of recklessness, hubris and greed, its business model was a relentless dash for cash", and accused its directors of misrepresenting the financial realities of the business. The report's recommendations included regulatory reforms and a possible break-up of the Big Four accounting firms. A separate report by the Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Select Committee, in July 2018, blamed the UK government for outsourcing contracts based on lowest price, saying its use of contractors such as Carillion had caused public services to deteriorate.

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History

=Foundation=

{{main|Tarmac Group}}

Carillion was created in July 1999, following a demerger from Tarmac, which had been founded in 1903. Tarmac focused on its core heavy building materials business, while Carillion included the former Tarmac Construction contracting business and the Tarmac Professional Services group of businesses.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/the_company_file/297579.stm |title=Tarmac to split in two |work=BBC News |date=16 March 1999 |access-date=13 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030407034938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/the_company_file/297579.stm |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-date=7 April 2003 }} At the time of demerger Sir Neville Simms was appointed executive chairman of the business.{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/1999/jul/02/12 |title=Tarmac investors threaten revolt |first=Lisa |last=Buckingham |newspaper=The Guardian |date=2 July 1999 |access-date=21 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507190733/https://www.theguardian.com/business/1999/jul/02/12 |url-status=live |archive-date=7 May 2014}} Simms stood down from his executive responsibilities in January 2001 but remained non-executive chairman until May 2005 when Philip Rogerson took over the chair.{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=1793256&privcapId=410348 |title=Philip Graham Rogerson |website=Bloomberg |access-date=17 April 2016 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701215337/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=1793256&privcapId=410348 |archive-date=1 July 2019}}

The name 'Carillion', a corruption of the word 'carillon' (a peal of bells), was intended to give the construction business a clearly defined, separate identity, and to distance it from its construction roots.{{cite news |last1=Minton |first1=Anna |title=Tarmac spins off construction arm as Carillion |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/tarmac-spins-off-construction-arm-as-carillion-1100147.html |access-date=19 January 2018 |newspaper=The Independent |date=13 June 1999 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115191649/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/tarmac-spins-off-construction-arm-as-carillion-1100147.html |archive-date=15 January 2018}} It was proposed by London branding consultancy Sampson Tyrell (later Enterprise IG,{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=David |title='Where did they get the Carillion name? They might just as well have called it Lozenge or Muskrat and saved whatever Enterprise IG stung them for' |url-access=limited |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/archive/where-did-they-get-the-carillion-name-they-might-just-as-well-have-called-it-lozenge-or-muskrat-and-saved-whatever-enterprise-ig-stung-them-for-01-07-1999 |access-date=19 January 2018 |work=Construction News |date=1 July 1999 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511125150/https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/archive/where-did-they-get-the-carillion-name-they-might-just-as-well-have-called-it-lozenge-or-muskrat-and-saved-whatever-enterprise-ig-stung-them-for-01-07-1999 |archive-date=11 May 2020}} part of WPP).{{cite news |last1=Donohue |first1=Alex |title=IG rebrands as The Brand Union |url=https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/wpps-enterprise-ig-rebrands-brand-union/764577 |access-date=22 January 2018 |work=Campaign |date=5 November 2007 |url-access=registration |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810112255/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/wpps-enterprise-ig-rebrands-brand-union/764577 |archive-date=10 August 2022 }}

=Acquisitions=

File:Banbury Carrilion train 1.png]]

Under CEO John McDonough (formerly at Johnson Controls, and appointed Carillion CEO in January 2001), Carillion expanded into the facilities management services sector.{{cite news|title=Carillion Analysis: The fall of a titan|url=https://www.ecobuild.co.uk/industry-news/carillion-analysis-the-fall-of-a-titan|access-date=19 January 2018|work=Ecobuild: Industry News|date=18 January 2018|archive-date=19 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235441/https://www.ecobuild.co.uk/industry-news/carillion-analysis-the-fall-of-a-titan|url-status=dead}}

In September 2001, Carillion acquired the 51% of GT Rail Maintenance it did not already own, thereby creating Carillion Rail.{{cite news |url=https://www.building.co.uk/transport-finance-carillion-buys-rest-of-gtrm/1012317.article |title=Transport finance: Carillion buys rest of GTRM |newspaper=Building |date=6 October 2001 |access-date=7 October 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?rev_t=1633622084&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.building.co.uk%2Ftransport-finance-carillion-buys-rest-of-gtrm%2F1012317.article |url-access=registration}}{{cite web|url=http://www.ukbusinesspark.co.uk/can92223.htm |title=UK Business Activity Report |publisher=UK Business Park |access-date=28 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605180251/http://www.ukbusinesspark.co.uk/can92223.htm |archive-date=5 June 2009}} Carillion Rail carried out track renewals on the rail network, and contract work for Network Rail.{{cite news |url=http://www.cityam.com/article/carillion-wins-122m-network-rail-contracts |title=Carillion wins £122m Network Rail contracts |newspaper=City AM |date=3 July 2013 |access-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923222316/http://www.cityam.com/article/carillion-wins-122m-network-rail-contracts |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=dead |first=Suzie |last=Neuwirth}}

In August 2002, Carillion bought Citex Management Services for £11.5M{{cite news |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/archive/carillion-buys-citex-for-11-5m-22-08-2002 |title=Carillion buys Citex Management Services |newspaper=Construction News |url-access=limited |date=22 August 2002 |access-date=26 July 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113124704/https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/archive/carillion-buys-citex-for-11-5m-22-08-2002 |archive-date=13 January 2020}} and, in March 2005, it acquired Planned Maintenance Group for circa £40M.{{cite news |url=http://www.electricaltimes.co.uk/news/article.asp?articleid=4091 |title=Carillion buys M&E firm for £40m |work=Electrical Times |date=9 March 2005 |access-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801091342/http://www.electricaltimes.co.uk/news/article.asp?articleid=4091 |archive-date=1 August 2013 }} After that, Carillion went on to acquire two more United Kingdom support services firms: Mowlem, for circa £350M in February 2006,{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4505826.stm |title=Construction firms agree takeover |work=BBC News |date=7 December 2005 |access-date=13 July 2008 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051213011011/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4505826.stm |archive-date=13 December 2005 }} and Alfred McAlpine, for £572M in February 2008.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7135893.stm |title=Carillion agrees to buy McAlpine |work=BBC News |date=10 December 2007 |access-date=13 July 2008 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227113756/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7135893.stm |archive-date=27 February 2009 }} Then, in October 2008, Carillion bought Vanbots Construction in Canada for £14.3M.{{cite news |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/latest/2008/10/09/carillions-delight-at-205m-boost |title=Carillion's delight at £205m boost |work=Express & Star |date=9 October 2008 |access-date=13 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122151652/http://www.expressandstar.com/news/2008/10/09/carillions-delight-at-205m-boost/ |archive-date=22 January 2013}}

File:Carillion Ford Transit 350 LWB Panel Van.jpg panel van]]

Carillion bought Eaga, an energy efficiency business, for £306M in April 2011.{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/8319284/Carillion-buys-Eaga-for-300m-in-bet-on-green-home-revolution.html |title=Carillion buys Eaga for £300m in bet on 'green home' revolution |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=12 February 2011 |access-date=21 November 2011 |location=London |first=Rowena |last=Mason |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825231801/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/8319284/Carillion-buys-Eaga-for-300m-in-bet-on-green-home-revolution.html |archive-date=25 August 2011 }} However, by December 2011 the UK Government had significantly reduced the feed-in tariffs for green energy and Carillion had to rationalise the business.{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/carillion-jobs-at-risk-over-solar-funding-cut-6270293.html |title=Carillion jobs at risk over solar funding cut |date=1 December 2011 |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=11 August 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125070913/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/carillion-jobs-at-risk-over-solar-funding-cut-6270293.html |archive-date=25 January 2012 |first=Peter|last=Cripps}}

In December 2012, it acquired a 49% interest in The Bouchier Group, a company providing services in the Athabasca oil sands area, for £24m.{{cite news |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2012/12/12/carillion-buys-into-canadian-road-maintenance-firm |title=Carillion buys into Canadian civils firm |newspaper=Construction Enquirer |date=12 December 2012 |access-date=29 October 2014 |location=London |first=Aaron |last=Morby |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029113406/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2012/12/12/carillion-buys-into-canadian-road-maintenance-firm/ |archive-date=29 October 2014 }} Then, in October 2013, the company bought the facilities management business of John Laing.{{cite news |url=http://www.building.co.uk/carillion-buys-john-laings-fm-business/5062383.article |first=Allister |last=Hayman |title=Carillion buys John Laing's FM business |newspaper=Building |date=21 October 2013 |access-date=9 February 2015 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210004250/http://www.building.co.uk/carillion-buys-john-laings-fm-business/5062383.article |archive-date=10 February 2015 |url-access=registration }}

In August 2014, the company spent several weeks attempting a merger with rival Balfour Beatty. Three offers were made; the last bid, which valued Balfour Beatty at £2.1 billion, was unanimously rejected by the Balfour Beatty board on 19 August 2014. Balfour refused to allow an extension of time for negotiations that could have prompted a fourth bid. Carillion announced later that day that it would no longer pursue a merger with its rival.{{cite news |title=Balfour Beatty rejects latest Carillion merger offer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/aug/20/balfour-beatty-rejects-latest-carillion-merger-offer |date=20 August 2014 |access-date=21 August 2014 |work=The Guardian |first=Jennifer |last=Rankin |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820195623/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/aug/20/balfour-beatty-rejects-latest-carillion-merger-offer |archive-date=20 August 2014 }}

In December 2014, Carillion acquired a 60% stake in Rokstad Power Corporation, a Canadian transmission and distribution business, for £33M.{{cite news |url=http://www.building.co.uk/carillion-buys-canadian-power-business/5072434.article |title=Carillion buys Canadian power business |date=1 December 2014 |newspaper=Building |access-date=14 June 2015 |url-access=registration |first=David |last=Blackman |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195142/http://www.building.co.uk/carillion-buys-canadian-power-business/5072434.article |archive-date=23 September 2015 }} Carillion acquired 100% of the Outland Group, a specialist supplier of camps and catering at remote locations in Canada, in May 2015{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/fastft/2015/05/29/carillion-buys-canadian-camp-contractor-63m |title=Carillion goes on £63m camping trip |work=Financial Times |date=29 May 2015 |access-date=19 March 2016 |url-access=subscription}}{{cite news |url=https://www.lexpert.ca/big-deals/outland-group-acquired-by-carillion-construction-inc/350274 |title=Outland Group acquired by Carillion Construction Inc. |newspaper=Lexpert |date=28 May 2015 |access-date=8 October 2021 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922105041/https://www.lexpert.ca/big-deals/outland-group-acquired-by-carillion-construction-inc/350274 |archive-date=22 September 2021 }} and a majority stake in Ask Real Estate, a Manchester-based developer, in January 2016.{{cite news |url=http://www.building.co.uk/carillion-buys-majority-stake-in-developer-ask/5079543.article |title=Carillion buys majority stake in developer Ask |newspaper=Building |date=7 January 2016 |access-date=9 April 2016 |url-access=registration |first=Yoosof |last=Farah |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191201185705/https://www.building.co.uk/news/carillion-buys-majority-stake-in-developer-ask/5079543.article |archive-date=1 December 2019}}

=Blacklisting involvement=

In 2009, Carillion was revealed as a subscriber to an illegal construction industry blacklisting body, The Consulting Association (TCA), though its inclusion on the list was mainly due to its previous ownership of Crown House Engineering (acquired by Laing O'Rourke in 2004), and previous use of TCA by Mowlem (acquired by Carillion in 2006). Carillion made two voluntary submissions to the House of Commons' Scottish Affairs Select Committee, one in September 2012,{{cite web |title=Blacklisting in employment: Written evidence submitted by Carillion |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmscotaf/writev/blacklisting/m05.htm |access-date=7 September 2015 |date=September 2012 |author=Scottish Affairs Select Committee |publisher=UK Parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916091913/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmscotaf/writev/blacklisting/m05.htm |archive-date=16 September 2016 |url-status=live }} and another in March 2013, relating to its involvement with TCA.{{cite web |title=Supplementary submission from Carillion plc to the House of Commons Scottish Affairs Committee – Blacklisting in Employment |url=http://www.carillionplc.com/media/89869/sac_supplementary_submission.pdf |access-date=7 September 2015 |date=March 2013 |publisher=Carillion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309171027/http://www.carillionplc.com/media/89869/sac_supplementary_submission.pdf |archive-date=9 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}

In July 2014, Carillion was one of eight businesses involved in the 2014 launch of the Construction Workers Compensation Scheme,{{cite news |title=Construction blacklist compensation scheme opens |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-28155936 |access-date=7 September 2015 |work=BBC News |date=4 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728143501/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-28155936 |archive-date=28 July 2021 |url-status=live}} though this was condemned as a "PR stunt" by the GMB union, and described by the Scottish Affairs Select Committee as "an act of bad faith".{{cite web |title=Blacklisting in Employment: Final Report |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201415/cmselect/cmscotaf/272/27202.htm |author=Scottish Affairs Select Committee |publisher=UK Parliament |access-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004123028/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201415/cmselect/cmscotaf/272/27202.htm |archive-date=4 October 2015 |url-status=live }} As one of the contributors to the scheme, Carillion reported in August 2016 "a non-recurring operating charge of £10.5M" representing the compensation and associated costs it expected to pay.{{cite news |title=Half-year financial report for the six months ended 30 June 2016 |url=http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/9592H_1-2016-8-23.pdf |publisher=London Stock Exchange | work=Regulatory News Service |author=Carillion |access-date=24 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827164603/http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/9592H_1-2016-8-23.pdf |archive-date=27 August 2016 |url-status=live }} In December 2017, Unite announced that it had issued High Court proceedings against 12 major contractors including Carillion.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Unite launches new round of blacklisting legal action |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/12/04/unite-launches-new-round-of-blacklisting-legal-action |access-date=4 December 2017 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=4 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204114852/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/12/04/unite-launches-new-round-of-blacklisting-legal-action |archive-date=4 December 2017 |url-status=live}}

=Financial difficulties=

Concerns about Carillion's debt situation were voiced in March 2015 by UBS analyst Gregor Kuglitsch who highlighted the company's extended supplier payment terms and its use of 'reverse factoring',{{efn|Carillion instigated a supply chain finance scheme influenced by the Greensill Capital model (Lex Greensill spoke at a 2014 event organised by Carillion in Wolverhampton). From 2011 to 2016, while Carillion's reported debt rose only slightly (from £839M to £850M), underlying debt in the early payment facility almost tripled, from £263M to £760M. Credit rating agency Moody's suggested that Carillion misclassified as much as £498M of debt in its annual accounts.{{cite news |last1=Pickard |first1=Jim |last2=Plimmer |first2=Gill |last3=Smith |first3=Robert |title=How Lex Greensill helped sow the seeds of Carillion crisis |url=https://www.ft.com/content/cb7e1c50-6e38-4063-ae20-057726c6b98f |access-date=4 February 2022 |work=Financial Times |date=10 May 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204105301/https://www.ft.com/content/cb7e1c50-6e38-4063-ae20-057726c6b98f |archive-date=4 February 2022 |url-status=live }}}} argued Carillion was more leveraged than it reported, and predicted a "profit shortfall" was likely.{{cite news |last1=Bryant |first1=Chris |title=Hedge Funds Are the Good Guys In Carillion Debacle |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2018-05-16/hedge-funds-are-the-good-guys-in-carillion-debacle |access-date=23 August 2018 |work=Bloomberg Opinion |date=16 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823211850/https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2018-05-16/hedge-funds-are-the-good-guys-in-carillion-debacle |archive-date=23 August 2018 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}} By October 2015, Carillion had become hedge funds' most popular share to 'sell short' as analysts questioned the lack of growth and rising debt.{{cite news |url-access=subscription |last1=McCrum |first1=Don |last2=Plimmer |first2=Gill |title=Carillion draws short sellers' attention |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d90be254-6e98-11e5-8608-a0853fb4e1fe |access-date=23 August 2018 |work=Financial Times |date=12 October 2015}} From having less than 5% of its shares shorted at the beginning of 2015, over 20% of Carillion shares were on loan to hedge funds by June 2016; the company's share price fell 19% over the same period.{{cite news |last1=Newman |first1=Alex |title=Chart: a short selling update |url=https://www.investorschronicle.co.uk/2016/06/09/comment/chronic-investor-blog/chart-a-short-selling-update-6zOCUi9ENZuQenjhFTsMrI/article.html |access-date=23 August 2018 |work=Investors Chronicle |date=9 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610133408/https://www.investorschronicle.co.uk/2016/06/09/comment/chronic-investor-blog/chart-a-short-selling-update-6zOCUi9ENZuQenjhFTsMrI/article.html |archive-date=10 June 2016 |url-status=live}}

On 10 July 2017, a Carillion trading update highlighted a £845M impairment charge in its construction services division, mainly relating to three loss-making UK PFI projects and costs arising from Middle East projects.{{cite web |url=http://walbrockresearch.com/seven-important-factors-carillion-plc-became-shorted-company |title=Seven Important Factors why Carillion PLC Became the Most Shorted Company |date=4 August 2017 |access-date=4 August 2017 |author=Walter |website=Walbrock Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928200635/http://walbrockresearch.com/seven-important-factors-carillion-plc-became-shorted-company |archive-date=28 September 2017 |url-status=usurped}} Chief executive Richard Howson (appointed CEO in December 2011) stepped down but was retained as operations director, with Keith Cochrane temporarily becoming CEO{{cite news |first=Julia |last=Kollewe |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/jul/10/carillion-boss-richard-howson-steps-down-shares-crash |title=Carillion boss steps down as shares crash 40% |newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 July 2017 |access-date=10 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801073355/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/jul/10/carillion-boss-richard-howson-steps-down-shares-crash |archive-date=1 August 2017 |url-status=live}} (Carillion's search for a new CEO led to the appointment of Andrew Davies, CEO of Wates – announced on 27 October 2017 – with Davies set to join the firm in April 2018).{{cite news |last1=Bury |first1=Rhiannon |title=New Carillion boss will oversee cost-cutting and further sales |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/10/27/carillion-poaches-wates-boss-new-chief-executive |access-date=2 February 2018 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=27 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028213942/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/10/27/carillion-poaches-wates-boss-new-chief-executive |archive-date=28 October 2017 |url-status=live}}

As a result, the contractor was demoted from the FTSE 250 Index,{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Carillion crashes out of FTSE 250 |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/08/31/carillion-crashes-out-of-ftse-250 |access-date=31 August 2017 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=31 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901192812/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/08/31/carillion-crashes-out-of-ftse-250 |archive-date=1 September 2017 |url-status=live}} and five directors (including Howson and finance director Zafar Khan) left the company as it tried to refinance.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Five Carillion directors in senior management exodus |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/09/11/five-carillion-directors-in-senior-management-exodus |access-date=11 September 2017 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=11 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911135608/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/09/11/five-carillion-directors-in-senior-management-exodus |archive-date=11 September 2017 |url-status=live}} On 27 September 2017, a Middle Eastern firm was said to be considering a takeover bid.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Carillion shares surge on takeover bid rumours |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/09/27/carillion-shares-surge-on-takeover-bid-rumours |access-date=27 September 2017 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=27 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927124349/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/09/27/carillion-shares-surge-on-takeover-bid-rumours |archive-date=27 September 2017 |url-status=live}} Two days later, it was revealed that Carillion's losses for the six months ended 30 June 2017 totalled £1.15 billion, following a further write down of £200M relating to its support services division.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Carillion losses spiral to £1.15 billion as more problems unearthed |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/09/29/carillion-losses-spiral-to-1-15bn-as-more-problem-jobs-unearthed |access-date=30 September 2017 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=29 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929105928/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/09/29/carillion-losses-spiral-to-1-15bn-as-more-problem-jobs-unearthed |archive-date=29 September 2017 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |title=Carillion shares hit as it cuts revenue forecast |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-41439274 |access-date=30 September 2017 |work=BBC News |date=29 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002150919/http://www.bbc.com/news/business-41439274 |archive-date=2 October 2017 |url-status=live}}

In September 2017 Keith Cochrane told investors that the business had accepted too many projects which turned out unprofitable and for which the amount paid was insufficient for the cost of work done ("we were building a Rolls-Royce but only getting paid to build a Mini"), and its management structure and internal organisation had been over-complex and lacking sufficient regard to contractual risk assessment and overly optimistic assumptions; as a result, the company had "burned through cash" trying to deliver to a high standard without assessing the possible implications.{{cite news |last1=Kiladze |first1=Tim |title=It was debt that sank Carillion |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/streetwise/it-was-debt-that-sank-carillion-putting-6000-canadian-jobs-at-risk/article37608986 |work=The Globe and Mail |date=15 January 2018 |url-access=limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130120921/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/streetwise/it-was-debt-that-sank-carillion-putting-6000-canadian-jobs-at-risk/article37608986 |archive-date=30 January 2018 |url-status=live}} In September 2019, the Investors Chronicle commented that its financial problems were not a secret and had been known for at least two years, with little working capital, shrinking amounts due to customers, and rising monies withheld by clients.{{cite news |last1=Ryland |first1=Philip |title=Cash vs concept |url=https://www.investorschronicle.co.uk/shares/2019/09/26/cash-vs-concept/ |newspaper=Investors Chronicle |date=26 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909221242/https://www.investorschronicle.co.uk/shares/2019/09/26/cash-vs-concept/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |url-status=bot: unknown |access-date=10 August 2022 }}

On 24 October 2017, it was reported that Carillion was preparing to sell its healthcare facilities management business to Serco (the deal included 15 contracts, with annual revenues of approximately £90M for which Serco was to pay £47.7M – later cut to £29.7M{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Serco cuts £20m from Carillion health FM deal |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/02/14/serco-cuts-20m-from-carillion-health-fm-deal |access-date=14 February 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216081432/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/02/14/serco-cuts-20m-from-carillion-health-fm-deal |archive-date=16 February 2018 |url-status=live}} – with Carillion losing £1bn from the value of its order book),{{cite news |title=Carillion closes health deal with Serco |url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/carillion-closes-health-deal-with-serco |access-date=13 December 2017 |work=The Construction Index |date=13 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216060226/http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/carillion-closes-health-deal-with-serco |archive-date=16 December 2017 |url-status=live}} and was planning to dispose of its Canadian operations to help shore up its finances.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Carillion to sell healthcare FM arm to Serco for £50m |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/10/24/serco-to-buy-carillion-healthcare-fm-business-for-50m |access-date=24 October 2017 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=24 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119021328/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/10/24/serco-to-buy-carillion-healthcare-fm-business-for-50m |archive-date=19 November 2017 |url-status=live}} A week later, it was announced Carillion was selling its interest in developer Ask Real Estate to West Midlands developers Richardsons Developments for £14M.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Richardsons buy Carillion's Ask Real Estate for £14m |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/10/31/richardsons-buys-carillions-ask-real-estate-for-14m |access-date=31 October 2017 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=31 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107025024/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/10/31/richardsons-buys-carillions-ask-real-estate-for-14m |archive-date=7 November 2017 |url-status=live}} In December 2017, the Richardsons also acquired Carillion's interest in the Milburngate development in Durham.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Carillion sells stake in £150m Durham scheme |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/12/18/carillion-sells-stake-in-150m-durham-scheme |access-date=18 December 2017 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=18 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219221135/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/12/18/carillion-sells-stake-in-150m-durham-scheme |archive-date=19 December 2017 |url-status=live}}

In a further profit warning, on 17 November 2017, Carillion said it would breach banking covenants the following month, with full year debts set to reach up to £925M. A recapitalisation plan was to be implemented in early 2018. The company's share price fell over 50% in early trading to just 18p – valuing the business at £73M.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Carillion warns on profits again as it breaches banking covenants |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/11/17/carillion-warns-on-profits-again-as-it-breaches-banking-terms |access-date=17 November 2017 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118211438/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/11/17/carillion-warns-on-profits-again-as-it-breaches-banking-terms |archive-date=18 November 2017 |url-status=live}} Unite the Union sought urgent talks with the company, concerned about the future of around 1,000 Carillion workers plus others employed by subcontractors and agencies.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Union demands urgent talks over threat to Carillion jobs |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/11/20/union-demands-urgent-talks-over-threat-to-carillion-jobs |access-date=20 November 2017 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=20 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125101456/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2017/11/20/union-demands-urgent-talks-over-threat-to-carillion-jobs |archive-date=25 November 2017 |url-status=live}} Major shareholder Kiltearn Partners halved its shareholding incurring a loss of over £40M.{{cite news |last1=Rees |first1=Tom |title=Market report: Carillion shareholder halves stake ahead of potential rights issue |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/12/11/market-reportcarillion-shareholder-halves-stake-ahead-potential |access-date=19 February 2018 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=11 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214081721/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/12/11/market-reportcarillion-shareholder-halves-stake-ahead-potential |archive-date=14 December 2017 |url-status=live}} On 20 December, Carillion announced it had brought forward the arrival of new CEO Andrew Davies to 22 January 2018.{{cite news |last1=Torrance |first1=Jack |title=Troubled Carillion brings forward appointment of chief executive |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/12/20/troubled-carillions-new-boss-join-earlier-planned |access-date=2 February 2018 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=20 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221173550/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/12/20/troubled-carillions-new-boss-join-earlier-planned |archive-date=21 December 2017 |url-status=live}}

On 3 January 2018, it was reported that the UK Financial Conduct Authority was to investigate the timeliness and content of Carillion announcements from December 2016 regarding its financial situation.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Financial watchdog launches probe into Carillion |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/03/financial-watchdog-launches-probe-into-carillion |access-date=3 January 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=3 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105124518/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/03/financial-watchdog-launches-probe-into-carillion |archive-date=5 January 2018 |url-status=live}} Ten days later, the BBC reported that the company had "a matter of days" to avoid collapse and that Carillion was the subject of "high level government meetings".{{cite news |title=Carillion: 'Matter of days' to stop collapse |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42675427 |date=13 January 2018 |work=BBC News |access-date=13 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124121649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42675427 |archive-date=24 January 2018 |url-status=live}}

These meetings continued throughout the weekend of 13–14 January – covering the company's £900M debts, a £580M pension deficit, and many ongoing contracts for government departments – but broke up without a rescue deal agreed, with a potential administration process set to start on 15 January 2018.{{cite news |last1=Davies |first1=Rob |title=Carillion lenders consider appeal to save firm from collapse |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/14/carillion-on-the-brink-as-uk-government-prepares-for-firms-collapse |access-date=14 January 2018 |work=The Guardian |date=14 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129125004/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/14/carillion-on-the-brink-as-uk-government-prepares-for-firms-collapse |archive-date=29 January 2018 |url-status=live}} The Financial Times later reported Carillion had just £29M in cash when it collapsed, and would have run out of cash by 18 January 2018.{{cite news |last1=Plimmer |first1=Gill |last2=Johnston |first2=Miles |last3=Pickard |first3=Jim |title=Carillion held just £29m in cash when it collapsed |url=https://www.ft.com/content/8f14f694-faab-11e7-a492-2c9be7f3120a |access-date=16 January 2018 |work=Financial Times |date=16 January 2018 |url-access=subscription}} Consultants PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) and EY had both rejected roles as administrators amid concerns they would not be paid.

Liquidation

On 15 January 2018, the BBC reported Carillion was to go into liquidation{{cite news |title=Carillion to go into liquidation |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42687032 |access-date=15 January 2018 |work=BBC News |date=15 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121002240/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42687032 |archive-date=21 January 2018 |url-status=live}} (as opposed to administration), the company having issued a notice to the London Stock Exchange "that it had no choice but to take steps to enter into compulsory liquidation with immediate effect". The notice anticipated an application to the High Court for PwC to be appointed as Special Managers, to act on behalf of the Official Receiver.{{cite news |title=Compulsory liquidation of Carillion |url=http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/news/market-news/market-news-detail/CLLN/13495528.html |publisher=London Stock Exchange | work=Regulatory News Service |author=Carillion |access-date=15 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118014452/http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/news/market-news/market-news-detail/CLLN/13495528.html |archive-date=18 January 2018 |url-status=live}} Carillion chairman Philip Green (appointed in May 2014) said:

{{blockquote|This is a very sad day for Carillion, for our colleagues, suppliers and customers that we have been proud to serve over many years. [...] In recent days however we have been unable to secure the funding to support our business plan and it is therefore with the deepest regret that we have arrived at this decision. We understand that HM Government will be providing the necessary funding required by the Official Receiver to maintain the public services carried on by Carillion staff, subcontractors and suppliers.}}

Six UK Carillion businesses, including Carillion plc and Carillion Construction Ltd, were liquidated in the first phase.{{cite press release |title=Carillion declares insolvency: information for employees, creditors and suppliers |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-declares-insolvency-information-for-employees-creditors-and-suppliers |publisher=Department for Work and Pensions and The Insolvency Service |date=15 January 2018 |access-date=29 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129141928/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-declares-insolvency-information-for-employees-creditors-and-suppliers |archive-date=29 January 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown }} On 19 January, Carillion (AMBS) Limited was placed in provisional liquidation, and on 25 and 26 January 2018 ten further UK companies went into liquidation. Another business went into liquidation on 2 February, followed by ten more on 16 February 2018.{{cite web |title=Carillion Group |url=https://www.pwc.co.uk/carillion |website=PwC |access-date=10 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301105456/https://www.pwc.co.uk/carillion |archive-date=1 March 2019 |url-status=live}} Two Carillion businesses in Jersey and Guernsey also went into liquidation, in January and March 2018 respectively. In June 2018, Carillion (Qatar) LLC went into a locally managed liquidation.{{cite press release |title=Carillion (Qatar) LLC enters liquidation in Qatar 12/06/18 |url=https://www.pwc.co.uk/services/business-recovery/administrations/carillion/LatestNewsandUpdates.html |publisher=PwC |date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612190513/https://www.pwc.co.uk/services/business-recovery/administrations/carillion/LatestNewsandUpdates.html |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Marshall |first1=Jordan |title=Carillion's Qatari arm goes bust |url=https://www.building.co.uk/news/carillions-qatari-arm-goes-bust/5094043.article |url-access=registration |access-date=12 June 2018 |work=Building |date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162118/https://www.building.co.uk/news/carillions-qatari-arm-goes-bust/5094043.article |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown }} By the end of 2018, 91 Carillion companies had been liquidated.

In April 2018, the Official Receiver estimated the total liabilities of the then 27 liquidated UK companies at £6.9 billion, a figure over three times higher than given in the Group's accounts at the end of 2016.{{cite news |last1=Simpson |first1=Jack |title=Carillion Construction had £6.9bn liabilities when it collapsed Carillion Construction had £6.9bn liabilities when it collapsed |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/contractors-news/carillion-construction-had-6-9bn-liabilities-when-it-collapsed-14-04-2018 |access-date=16 April 2018 |work=Construction News |date=14 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030153116/https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/contractors-news/carillion-construction-had-6-9bn-liabilities-when-it-collapsed-14-04-2018 |archive-date=30 October 2019 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Titcomb |first1=James |title=£7bn in Carillion liabilities revealed |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/04/14/7bn-carillion-debts-revealed |access-date=16 April 2018 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=14 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417051051/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/04/14/7bn-carillion-debts-revealed |archive-date=17 April 2018 |url-status=live}}

On 6 August 2018, the Insolvency Service announced the end of the trading phase of the liquidation, described by the Official Receiver as "the largest ever trading liquidation in the UK". Work on finalising Carillion's trading accounts and payments to suppliers, and investigations into the cause of the company's failure, including the conduct of its directors, continued. In December 2018, it was reported that former Carillion directors Philip Green and Richard Howson had been interviewed by the Insolvency Service.{{cite news |last1=Kleinman |first1=Mark |title=Former Carillion bosses quizzed as Government probe deepens |url=https://news.sky.com/story/former-carillion-bosses-quizzed-as-government-probe-deepens-11593946 |access-date=29 December 2018 |work=Sky News |date=29 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229171639/https://news.sky.com/story/former-carillion-bosses-quizzed-as-government-probe-deepens-11593946 |archive-date=29 December 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown }} In November 2019, the liquidators said they were reportedly close to clawing back around £510M from asset sales, insurance and debt recoveries.

=Direct impacts of liquidation=

The liquidation announcement had an immediate impact on 30,000 subcontractors and suppliers, Carillion employees, apprentices and pensioners, plus shareholders, lenders, joint venture partners and customers in the UK, Canada and other countries.

==Suppliers==

Subcontractors were said to be vulnerable: the Specialist Engineering Contractors Group said Carillion's failure "could lead to many smaller firms going under".{{cite news |title=Carillion collapse: industry responds |url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/carillion-collapse-industry-responds |access-date=15 January 2018 |work=The Construction Index |date=15 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117183859/http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/carillion-collapse-industry-responds |archive-date=17 January 2018 |url-status=live}} Up to 30,000 small businesses were reportedly owed money by Carillion,{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/16/carillion-subcontractors-laying-off-staff-collapse |title=Subcontractors lay off staff as Carillion crisis spreads |work=The Guardian |access-date=16 January 2018 |last1=Goodley |first1=Simon |last2=Sabbagh |first2=Dan |last3=Kollewe |first3=Julia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129104633/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/16/carillion-subcontractors-laying-off-staff-collapse |archive-date=29 January 2018 |url-status=live |date=16 January 2018}} who used 'delay tactics' and withheld payments to suppliers, sometimes for up to 120 days.{{cite news |last1=Curry |first1=Rhiannon |title=Carillion accused of using 'delay tactics' and withholding payments by suppliers |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/02/12/carillion-accused-using-delay-tactics-withholding-payments-suppliers |access-date=12 February 2018 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=12 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129104633/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/16/carillion-subcontractors-laying-off-staff-collapse |archive-date=29 January 2018 |url-status=live}}

Within 24 hours, equipment hire firm Speedy Hire and piling contractor Van Elle were reporting potential losses of £2M and £1.6M respectively;{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Carillion fall-out hits Van Elle and Speedy |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/16/carillion-fall-out-hits-van-elle-and-speedy |access-date=16 January 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=16 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122053233/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/16/carillion-fall-out-hits-van-elle-and-speedy |archive-date=22 January 2018 |url-status=live}} Van Elle also reported uncertainty relating to £2.5M worth of future work for Network Rail.{{cite news|last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Van Elle reveals full cost of Carillion collapse |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/25/van-elle-reveals-full-cost-of-carillion-collapse |access-date=25 January 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129215311/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/25/van-elle-reveals-full-cost-of-carillion-collapse |archive-date=29 January 2018 |url-status=live}} A survey of 133 companies by the Building Engineering Services Association and the Electrical Contractors' Association found that 80 of them were collectively owed £30 million by Carillion, an average exposure of £375,000. Average debts owed to micro businesses (fewer than 10 employees) were £98,000; medium-sized businesses (50 to 249 employees) were owed on average £236,000, with the most exposed firm owed almost £1.4M.{{cite news |title=Survey indicates Carillion subcontractors take average hit of £375k |url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/poll-shows-carillion-subcontractors-take-average-hit-of-375k |access-date=24 January 2018 |work=The Construction Index |date=24 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129083615/http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/poll-shows-carillion-subcontractors-take-average-hit-of-375k |archive-date=29 January 2018 |url-status=live}} Only £31M of the estimated £1bn-plus owed by Carillion was covered by trade credit insurance.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Just £31m of £1bn Carillion owed to firms insured |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/26/just-31m-of-carillions-1bn-trade-debt-insured |access-date=26 January 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=26 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129183738/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/26/just-31m-of-carillions-1bn-trade-debt-insured |archive-date=29 January 2018 |url-status=live}} In late March 2018, Bury North MP James Frith hosted a meeting in Parliament attended by suppliers affected by Carillion's collapse; companies highlighted unpaid debts of between £250,000 and £2.7M.{{cite news |last1=Walker |first1=Andy |title=Companies must be paid for Carillion work, debtor firms tell MPs |url=http://www.infrastructure-intelligence.com/article/mar-2018/firms-must-be-paid-carillion-work-mps-told-debtor-firms |access-date=29 March 2018 |work=Infrastructure Intelligence |date=28 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330012207/http://www.infrastructure-intelligence.com/article/mar-2018/firms-must-be-paid-carillion-work-mps-told-debtor-firms |archive-date=30 March 2018 |url-status=live}} In August 2018, building services specialist NG Bailey announced a £2.2M exceptional loss for irrecoverable costs arising from a Carillion subcontract at the Midland Metropolitan University Hospital.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=NG Bailey reveals £2.2m Carillion hit |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/08/15/n-g-bailey-reveals-2-2m-carillion-hit |access-date=15 August 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817212212/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/08/15/n-g-bailey-reveals-2-2m-carillion-hit |archive-date=17 August 2018 |url-status=live}}

On 29 January 2018, CCP, a Slough-based dry lining contractor with a 350-strong site-based labour force, called in liquidators due to debts owed by Carillion.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Carillion debts force dry lining specialist out of business |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/30/carillion-debts-force-dry-lining-specialist-out-of-business |access-date=30 January 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=30 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202105707/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/30/carillion-debts-force-dry-lining-specialist-out-of-business |archive-date=2 February 2018 |url-status=live}} Already financially troubled ground engineering business Aspin Group Holdings went into administration in February 2018 as part of pre-pack deal after the group and its subsidiaries were owed around £800,000 by Carillion{{cite news |last1=Simpson |first1=Jack |title=Carillion: Aspin Group took £800k hit prior to administration |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/contractors-news/carillion-aspin-group-took-800k-hit-prior-to-administration-09-04-2018/ |access-date=9 April 2018 |work=Construction News |date=9 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104005306/https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/contractors-news/carillion-aspin-group-took-800k-hit-prior-to-administration-09-04-2018/ |archive-date=4 November 2019 |url-status=live}} (bought by private equity firm Sandton Capital Partners, Aspin subsequently went into administration, with the loss of 200 jobs, in July 2019).{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Foundations specialist Aspin goes into administration |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2019/07/11/foundations-specialist-aspin-goes-into-administration/ |access-date=11 July 2019 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=11 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715035600/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2019/07/11/foundations-specialist-aspin-goes-into-administration/ |archive-date=15 July 2019 |url-status=live}} On 23 March 2018, 160-strong mechanical and electrical subcontractor Vaughan Engineering warned it faced administration after losing £650,000 on two Carillion projects;{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Carillion fells M&E specialist with 160 jobs at risk |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/03/23/carillion-fells-me-specialist-with-160-jobs-at-risk/ |access-date=23 March 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=23 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327110046/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/03/23/carillion-fells-me-specialist-with-160-jobs-at-risk/ |archive-date=27 March 2018 |url-status=live}} KPMG were subsequently appointed as administrators, making 83 employees in Broxburn, 43 in Newcastle and 28 in Warrington redundant.{{cite news |last1=Gerrard |first1=Neil |title=Carillion-hit M&E firm calls in administrators |url=http://www.constructionmanagermagazine.com/news/carillion-hit-me-firm-calls-administrators-after-2 |access-date=29 March 2018 |work=Construction Manager |date=29 March 2018 |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330012447/http://www.constructionmanagermagazine.com/news/carillion-hit-me-firm-calls-administrators-after-2 |archive-date=30 March 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown }} Vaughan collapsed owing £9.2M to its suppliers,{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Vaughan Engineering failure costs supply chain £9m |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/05/28/vaughan-engineering-failure-costs-supply-chain-9m/ |access-date=29 May 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=29 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531072638/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/05/28/vaughan-engineering-failure-costs-supply-chain-9m/ |archive-date=31 May 2018 |url-status=live}} though one supplier, Bmech, later claimed that Vaughan used Carillion's collapse as a 'smokescreen' for its own poor payment record.{{cite news |last1=Garner-Purkis |first1=Zak |title=Failed firm 'used Carillion smokescreen' for payment problems |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/financial-news/failed-firm-used-carillion-smokescreen-for-payment-problems-21-08-2018 |access-date=21 August 2018 |work=Construction News |date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416095843/https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/financial-news/failed-firm-used-carillion-smokescreen-for-payment-problems-21-08-2018/ |archive-date=16 April 2019 |url-status=bot: unknown |url-access=subscription }} Four companies in Lagan Construction Group went into administration owing £21M in early March 2018 partly as a result of Carillion's insolvency; tightened credit terms and requests for upfront payments had affected cashflow.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Failed Lagan Construction Group owed firms over £21m |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/05/09/failed-lagan-construction-group-owed-firms-over-21m/ |access-date=10 May 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=9 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514143256/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/05/09/failed-lagan-construction-group-owed-firms-over-21m/ |archive-date=14 May 2018 |url-status=live}} Similarly, 55-strong Chippenham-based flooring contractor Polydeck blamed Carillion "tailwinds" after it went into administration on 25 May 2018.{{cite news |last1=Faulkner |first1=Doug |title=Carillion failure and dispute over £1.7m RAF Marham payment behind collapse of flooring specialist |url=http://www.edp24.co.uk/business/polydeck-group-administration-due-carillion-balfour-beatty-raf-marham-1-5547789 |access-date=5 June 2018 |work=Eastern Daily Press |date=5 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608185435/http://www.edp24.co.uk/business/polydeck-group-administration-due-carillion-balfour-beatty-raf-marham-1-5547789 |archive-date=8 June 2018 |url-status=live}} Cheshire-based civil engineering contractor D G Cummins lost £1.8M owed by Carillion for work undertaken on the M6 motorway widening contract junctions 16–19, and, facing a £600,000 tax demand, had to file a notice of intent to enter administration, endangering 50 jobs.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Taxman sends Carillion civils firm under |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/07/09/taxman-sends-carillion-civils-firm-under/ |access-date=9 July 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712110001/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/07/09/taxman-sends-carillion-civils-firm-under/ |archive-date=12 July 2018 |url-status=live}}

In October 2018, a report from accountant Moore Stephens said Carillion's liquidation had triggered a 20% spike in the number of UK building firms becoming insolvent: 780 companies fell into insolvency in the first quarter of 2018, up a fifth on the same period in 2017, with small to medium-sized companies and specialist subcontractors particularly hard hit, having to write off virtually everything owed to them by Carillion.{{cite news |last1=Smithers |first1=Rebecca |title=Insolvencies in UK building firms rise 20% after Carillion collapse |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/oct/01/insolvencies-in-uk-building-firms-rise-20-after-carillion-collapse |access-date=1 October 2018 |work=The Guardian |date=1 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001064812/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/oct/01/insolvencies-in-uk-building-firms-rise-20-after-carillion-collapse |archive-date=1 October 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown }} Total construction insolvencies in 2018 were up 13% to 2,954 companies, according to law firm Nockolds, who said fallout from Carillion's collapse had contributed to a spike in businesses folding.{{cite news |title=Carillion effect sees construction insolvencies rise 13% |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/carillion-effect-sees-construction-insolvencies-rise-13 |access-date=1 February 2019 |work=The Construction Index |date=1 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706101349/https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/carillion-effect-sees-construction-insolvencies-rise-13 |archive-date=6 July 2019 |url-status=live}}

Law firm RPC made a "a small number of redundancies" in its construction and projects team as a result of Carillion's collapse.{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Alex |title=RPC to make construction redundancies after loss of Carillion work |url=https://www.thelawyer.com/rpc-redundancies-carillion-construction/ |access-date=5 July 2018 |work=The Lawyer |date=5 July 2018 |url-access=registration}}

The impacts of Carillion's collapse extended over a year: in January 2019, construction equipment hirer Hawk Plant went into administration after losing around £800,000 from the collapse of Carillion and a problem contract in Sierra Leone;{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Plant hire giant Hawk falls into administration |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2019/01/14/plant-hire-giant-hawk-falls-into-administration/ |access-date=15 January 2019 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=14 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119053700/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2019/01/14/plant-hire-giant-hawk-falls-into-administration/ |archive-date=19 January 2019 |url-status=live}} also in January 2019, piling contractor Van Elle reported pretax profits down 54% to £2.4M as turnover fell 18% to £42.9M in the six months to 31 October 2018 – with its CEO blaming Carillion's collapse for the profit slump.{{cite magazine |last1=Sholli |first1=Sam |title=Van Elle boss blames Carillion for profit slump |url=https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/van-elle-boss-blames-carillion-for-profit-slump/10039017.article |access-date=17 January 2019 |magazine=New Civil Engineer |date=17 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121434/https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/van-elle-boss-blames-carillion-for-profit-slump/10039017.article |archive-date=19 January 2019 |url-status=live}} In September 2019, Antrim-based electrical subcontractor Blackbourne ceased trading, making 86 staff redundant, partly due to Carillion debts incurred on the Royal Liverpool University Hospital project.{{cite news |title=Royal Liverpool hospital subbie shuts its doors |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/royal-liverpool-hospital-subbie-shuts-doors |access-date=20 September 2019 |work=The Construction Index |date=19 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119055015/https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/royal-liverpool-hospital-subbie-shuts-doors |archive-date=19 November 2019 |url-status=live}}

==Employees==

At the time of liquidation Carillion employed 18,257 people in the UK.{{cite news |last1=Scott |first1=John |title=The calm after the storm: How Carillion's collapse is still being felt in the West Midlands |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/2019/01/16/the-calm-after-the-storm-how-carillions-collapse-is-still-being-felt-in-the-west-midlands/ |access-date=16 January 2019 |work=Express & Star |date=16 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117065938/https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/2019/01/16/the-calm-after-the-storm-how-carillions-collapse-is-still-being-felt-in-the-west-midlands/ |archive-date=17 January 2019 |url-status=live}}{{cite book |title=Investigation into the government's handling of the collapse of Carillion |date=7 June 2018 |publisher=National Audit Office |location=London |url=https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Investigation-into-the-governments-handling-of-the-collapse-of-Carillion.pdf |access-date=8 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140210/https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Investigation-into-the-governments-handling-of-the-collapse-of-Carillion.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown }} Liquidator PwC began staff consultations over planned redundancies and transfers to new employers.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Consultation opens on Carillion staff layoffs |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/28/consultation-opens-on-carillion-staff-layoffs/ |access-date=29 January 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=28 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131125510/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/28/consultation-opens-on-carillion-staff-layoffs/ |archive-date=31 January 2018 |url-status=live}} On 2 February 2018, the Official Receiver announced an initial 377 redundancies;{{cite news |title=377 Carillion workers to lose jobs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42918031 |access-date=2 February 2018 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=2 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214130032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42918031 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |url-status=live}} a further 994 redundancies were announced during February,{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Another 452 Carillion staff made redundant |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/02/05/another-452-carillion-staff-made-redundant |access-date=5 February 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=5 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206002635/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/02/05/another-452-carillion-staff-made-redundant |archive-date=6 February 2018 |url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's employment update|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-employment-update|access-date=8 February 2018|work=Gov.uk: Official Receiver|date=8 February 2018}}{{cite web|title=Latest Carillion update from the Official Receiver|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/latest-carillion-update-from-the-official-receiver|website=Gov.uk: Official Receiver|access-date=12 February 2018}}{{cite web|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update|website=Gov.uk: Official Receiver|access-date=19 February 2018}}{{cite web|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update--2|website=Gov.uk: Official Receiver|access-date=26 February 2018}} 337 in March,{{cite web|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|url=http://www.govwire.co.uk/news/govt/carillion-official-receivers-update-14823|website=Gov.uk: Official Receiver|access-date=5 March 2018}}{{cite web|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update--4|website=Gov.uk: Official Receiver|access-date=12 March 2018}}{{cite web|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update--5|website=Gov.uk: Official Receiver|access-date=21 March 2018}}{{cite web|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update--6|website=Gov.uk: Official Receiver|access-date=26 March 2018}} 554 in April,{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update--7|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|date=3 April 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=3 April 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update--9|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|date=9 April 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=9 April 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update--10|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|date=16 April 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=16 April 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update--11|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|date=23 April 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=23 April 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update--12|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|date=30 April 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=30 April 2018}} 75 in May,{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update--13|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|date=8 May 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=8 May 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update--14|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|date=14 May 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=14 May 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update--15|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|date=21 May 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=21 May 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update--16|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|date=29 May 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=29 May 2018}} 43 in June,{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-update--17|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's update|date=4 June 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=4 June 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-employment-update--2|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's employment update|date=11 June 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=11 June 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-employment-update--3|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's employment update|date=18 June 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=18 June 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-employment-update--4|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's employment update|date=25 June 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=25 June 2018}} 399 in July,{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-employment-update--5|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's employment update|date=2 July 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=2 July 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-employment-update--6|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's employment update|date=9 July 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=9 July 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-employment-update--7|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's employment update|date=16 July 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=16 July 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-employment-update--8|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's employment update|date=23 July 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=23 July 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-official-receivers-employment-update--9|title=Carillion: Official Receiver's employment update|date=30 July 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=30 July 2018}} and 9 in August,{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-contracts-complete-transfer|title=Carillion contracts complete transfer|date=6 August 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=6 August 2018}} bringing the redundancy total by this date to 2,787 – 15% of the pre-liquidation workforce. In parallel, 13,945 jobs had been safeguarded through transfers (76% of the pre-liquidation workforce), while 1,274 employees left the business through finding new work, retirement or for other reasons; a year after the liquidation, the total number of redundancies was reported as 3,038. Around £50M in redundancy payments had been paid up to September 2018, with the final bill likely to reach £65M.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Carillion redundancy payouts to top £65m |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/09/25/carillion-redundancy-payouts-to-top-65m/ |access-date=26 September 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=25 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001122648/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/09/25/carillion-redundancy-payouts-to-top-65m/ |archive-date=1 October 2018 |url-status=live}}

After staff made redundant claimed PwC did not provide information necessary for them to claim redundancy pay and statutory notice pay, causing financial hardship and threatening mortgages,{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Axed Carillion staff slam PwC over redundo claims delay |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/02/15/axed-carillion-staff-slam-pwc-over-redundo-claims-delay/ |access-date=15 February 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=15 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225050313/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/02/15/axed-carillion-staff-slam-pwc-over-redundo-claims-delay/ |archive-date=25 February 2018 |url-status=live}} the Official Receiver established a specialist team and said former staff should receive the necessary information within seven days of being made redundant or transferring to a new employer.{{cite web|title=Update for Carillion workers: claiming redundancy payments|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/update-for-carillion-workers-claiming-redundancy-payments--2|website=Gov.uk: Official Receiver|access-date=15 February 2018}} In July 2018, Unite launched legal action on behalf of 27 members made redundant at GCHQ in Cheltenham claiming proper consultation had not taken place;{{cite news |last1=Lezard |first1=Time |title=Unite launches legal action on behalf of former Carillion workers |url=https://www.union-news.co.uk/unite-launches-legal-action-on-behalf-of-former-carillion-workers/ |access-date=3 July 2018 |work=Union News |date=3 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703104019/https://www.union-news.co.uk/unite-launches-legal-action-on-behalf-of-former-carillion-workers/ |archive-date=3 July 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown }} in July 2021, on behalf of 263 members seeking compensation over Carillion's failure to inform and consult them on redundancy terms, Unite secured a legal ruling that the group's collapse did not warrant "special circumstances" protection.{{cite news |last1=Clark |first1=Tim |title=Ex-Carillion workers win right to seek compensation |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/contractors/carillion/ex-carillion-workers-win-right-to-seek-compensation-12-07-2021/ |access-date=12 July 2021 |work=Construction News |date=12 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901212113/https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/contractors/carillion/ex-carillion-workers-win-right-to-seek-compensation-12-07-2021/ |archive-date=1 September 2021 |url-status=live}} In January 2019, Unite reported that worker redundancy payment negotiations had been made "unduly complicated" because of Carillion's complex corporate structure, and said the total amount of redundancy pay awarded to ex-Carillion workers was expected to rise to £65M.{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Alan |last2=Begum |first2=Shelina |title=Complicated task of obtaining redundancy pay for Carillion workers revealed |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/complicated-task-obtaining-redundancy-pay-15617910 |access-date=2 January 2019 |work=Manchester Evening News |date=2 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701225242/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/complicated-task-obtaining-redundancy-pay-15617910 |archive-date=1 July 2019 |url-status=live}}

A week after the liquidation, PwC agreed with Network Rail that Carillion Construction employees to its projects would have their wages guaranteed through to at least mid April 2018, while Carillion suppliers on Network Rail projects would also be paid.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Network Rail to pay Carillion workers for next three months |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/19/network-rail-to-pay-carillion-workers-for-next-three-months/ |access-date=19 January 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=19 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125000306/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/19/network-rail-to-pay-carillion-workers-for-next-three-months/ |archive-date=25 January 2018 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |title=Short-term pay secured for Carillion rail workers |url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/short-term-pay-secured-for-carillion-rail-workers |access-date=22 January 2018 |work=The Construction Index |date=22 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128174755/http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/short-term-pay-secured-for-carillion-rail-workers |archive-date=28 January 2018 |url-status=live}} 150 Carillion workers employed on smart motorway joint ventures with Kier were set to become Kier employees; 51 Carillion employees working on seven HS2 civil engineering packages awarded to the CEK joint venture were offered the opportunity to join Kier/Eiffage.{{cite news |title=Kier takes on Carillion JV staff |url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/kier-takes-on-carillion-jv-staff |access-date=22 January 2018 |work=The Construction Index |date=22 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128174731/http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/kier-takes-on-carillion-jv-staff |archive-date=28 January 2018 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Kier saves 200 Carillion staff jobs to complete JVs |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/22/kier-saves-200-carillon-staff-jobs-to-complete-jvs/ |access-date=22 January 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=22 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124045644/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/22/kier-saves-200-carillon-staff-jobs-to-complete-jvs/ |archive-date=24 January 2018 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |first=Rhiannon |last=Curry |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/01/22/kier-takes-carillion-staff-hs2-motorways-work/ |title=Kier takes on Carillion staff for HS2 and motorways work |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=22 January 2018 |access-date=7 July 2018 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124215742/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/01/22/kier-takes-carillion-staff-hs2-motorways-work/ |archive-date=24 January 2018 |url-status=live}} Nationwide Building Society took on around 250 former Carillion employees engaged in facilities management work at its offices and branches.{{cite news |last1=Rutter Pooley |first1=Cat |title=Nationwide Building Society guarantees Carillion workers' jobs |url=https://www.ft.com/content/22a0615e-fc3d-11e7-9b32-d7d59aace167 |access-date=2 February 2018 |work=Financial Times |date=18 January 2018 |url-access=subscription}} Around 1,000 Carillion staff engaged on prison facilities management work for the Ministry of Justice were transferred to a new government-owned company,{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=MoJ sets up FM firm for Carillion prison work |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/29/moj-sets-up-fm-firm-for-carillion-prison-work/ |access-date=29 January 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=29 January 2018}} 22 workers from Carillion's power network business joined J Murphy & Sons,{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Murphy snaps up Carillion UK power business |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/02/07/murphy-snaps-up-carillion-power-business/ |access-date=8 February 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=7 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210153630/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/02/07/murphy-snaps-up-carillion-power-business/ |archive-date=10 February 2018 |url-status=live}} around 60 staff at Carillion's Newcastle-based legal services arm joined Clifford Chance,{{cite news |last1=Gill |first1=Oliver |title=Carillion collapse: Scores of Newcastle jobs saved by Clifford Chance |url=http://www.cityam.com/280616/carillion-collapse-scores-newcastle-jobs-saved-clifford |access-date=15 February 2018 |work=City AM |date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214194412/http://www.cityam.com/280616/carillion-collapse-scores-newcastle-jobs-saved-clifford |archive-date=14 February 2018 |url-status=dead}} and 700 employees engaged on Network Rail projects transferred to Amey Rail;{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Amey Rail snaps up Carillion rail projects saving 700 jobs |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/02/22/amey-rail-snaps-up-carillion-rail-projects-saving-700-jobs/ |access-date=22 February 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=22 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224070006/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/02/22/amey-rail-snaps-up-carillion-rail-projects-saving-700-jobs/ |archive-date=24 February 2018 |url-status=live}} Amey paid the Official Receiver £2.1M for Carillion's rail contracts.{{cite news |last1=Simpson |first1=Jack |title=Amey paid £2.1m for Carillion rail contracts |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/contractors-news/amey-paid-2-1m-for-carillion-rail-contracts-26-10-2018/ |access-date=26 October 2018 |work=Construction News |date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110192058/https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/contractors-news/amey-paid-2-1m-for-carillion-rail-contracts-26-10-2018/ |archive-date=10 November 2019 |url-status=live}} French engineering group Egis took on Carillion's M40 upkeep motorway contract, safeguarding the jobs of around 95 Carillion workers.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Egis takes on M40 upkeep role from Carillion |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/04/25/egis-takes-on-m40-upkeep-role-from-carillion/ |access-date=25 April 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429174220/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/04/25/egis-takes-on-m40-upkeep-role-from-carillion/ |archive-date=29 April 2018 |url-status=live}} Carillion Welding was acquired by Rail Safety Solutions Ltd, saving 63 jobs.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Rail Safety Solutions buys Carillion Welding |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/05/09/rail-safety-solutions-buys-carillion-welding/ |access-date=9 May 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=9 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629211546/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/05/09/rail-safety-solutions-buys-carillion-welding/ |archive-date=29 June 2018 |url-status=live}}

However, the transfer of some overseas-born staff to new employers was hampered by strict application of immigration rules that required the workers to apply for permission to remain in the UK. MPs on the Home Affairs Select Committee, citing the case of Nigerian-born Hamza Idris, called on the Home Office to display flexibility and compassion, concerned that "scores" more workers might also be affected.{{cite news |last1=Honeycombe-Foster |first1=Matt |title=Furious MPs demand answers from Home Office as ex-Carillion worker battles to stay in Britain |url=https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/home-affairs/immigration/news/95348/excl-furious-mps-demand-answers-home-office-ex-carillion |access-date=21 May 2018 |work=Politics Home |date=21 May 2018 |publisher=Merit Group |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706163032/https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/home-affairs/immigration/news/95348/excl-furious-mps-demand-answers-home-office-ex-carillion |archive-date=6 July 2018 |url-status=live}}

In early February 2018, private equity groups Greybull Capital, Brookfield and Endless LLP were said to be interested in acquiring parts of Carillion that might be ringfenced for auction.{{cite news |last1=Espinoza |first1=Javier |last2=Plimmer |first2=Gill |title=Greybull circles Carillion assets |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2e41149a-0421-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5 |access-date=5 February 2018 |work=Financial Times |date=4 February 2018 |url-access=subscription}} On 8 February, PwC opened bidding for Carillion's rail division and several of the company's road maintenance and facilities management contracts.{{cite news |last1=Simpson |first1=Jack |title=PwC to sell Carillion's rail division |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/contractors-news/pwc-to-sell-carillions-rail-division-08-02-2018/ |access-date=8 February 2018 |work=Construction News |date=8 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511132332/https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/contractors-news/pwc-to-sell-carillions-rail-division-08-02-2018/ |archive-date=11 May 2020 |url-status=live}} Canadian FM firm BGIS, a subsidiary of Brookfield, negotiated to take on 2,500 workers engaged on UK hospital, education, justice, transport and emergency services contracts,{{cite news |title=Carillion: Canadian firm BGIS seeks facilities contracts |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43065656 |access-date=15 February 2018 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217210924/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43065656 |archive-date=17 February 2018 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |title=Brookfield swoops on Carillion's FM business |url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/brookfield-swoops-on-carillions-fm-business |access-date=15 February 2018 |work=The Construction Index |date=15 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218060306/http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/brookfield-swoops-on-carillions-fm-business |archive-date=18 February 2018 |url-status=live}} but the negotiations failed on 8 March 2018.{{cite news |last1=Davies |first1=Rob |title=Carillion contracts deal fails putting 2,500 jobs at risk |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/08/carillion-contracts-deal-fails-putting-2500-jobs-at-risk |access-date=8 March 2018 |work=The Guardian |date=8 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315192509/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/08/carillion-contracts-deal-fails-putting-2500-jobs-at-risk |archive-date=15 March 2018 |url-status=live}}

Out of nearly 1200 apprentices affected by Carillion's liquidation, around a third – 419 – were still without work in early April 2018; only two had been offered a training contract with a government department or agency.{{cite news |last1=Wearmouth |first1=Rachel |title=Just 2 Of 1,200 Carillion Apprentices Offered Placements By Government |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/carillion-government-department_uk_5ac3451be4b09712fec3fc06 |access-date=4 April 2018|work=Huffington Post |date=3 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404201244/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/carillion-government-department_uk_5ac3451be4b09712fec3fc06 |archive-date=4 April 2018 |url-status=live}} In June 2018, 776 out of 1148 had been re-employed or moved into full-time education, 225 were seeking future work and 147 had become disengaged.{{cite web |last1=Milton |first1=Anne |title=Letter to Robert Halfon, Education select committee |url=https://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-committees/Education/Correspondence-from-the-Minister-for-Apprenticeships-and-Skills-concerning-apprenticeships.pdf |access-date=12 June 2018 |publisher=Education Select Committee |date=6 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162724/https://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-committees/Education/Correspondence-from-the-Minister-for-Apprenticeships-and-Skills-concerning-apprenticeships.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown }} Construction apprentices made up 341 of the 356 people made redundant in the week reported on 30 July;{{cite news |last1=Marshall |first1=Jordan |title=Close to 350 Carillion apprentices given their marching orders in past week |url=https://www.building.co.uk/news/close-to-350-carillion-apprentices-given-their-marching-orders-in-past-week/5094863.article |url-access=registration |access-date=30 July 2018 |work=Building |date=30 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730140427/https://www.building.co.uk/news/close-to-350-carillion-apprentices-given-their-marching-orders-in-past-week/5094863.article |archive-date=30 July 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown }} Unite said these redundancies reduced UK construction apprenticeship numbers by 1.6%, while the government said the CITB had found new paid employment for 777 former Carillion apprentices.{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Sarah |title=Carillion faces criticism for laying off 340 apprentices |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jul/31/carillion-faces-criticism-laying-off-340-apprentices |access-date=31 July 2018 |work=The Guardian |date=31 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829063521/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jul/31/carillion-faces-criticism-laying-off-340-apprentices |archive-date=29 August 2018 |url-status=live}} On 31 July 2018, The Guardian highlighted the matter: Unite assistant general secretary Gail Cartmail said: "This is an appalling way to treat these apprentices who should have become the backbone of the industry. To dump them and to destroy their training is an act of crass stupidity."

In April 2018, Carillion's Wolverhampton headquarters was put up for sale for £3M.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Carillion HQ on the block for £3m |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/04/04/carillion-hq-on-the-block-for-3m/ |access-date=4 April 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=4 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408182822/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/04/04/carillion-hq-on-the-block-for-3m/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |url-status=live}} The building was not owned by Carillion; it had leased it for around £440,000 per annum after it had been bought by an unnamed private investor for £6.165M in January 2016. In July 2018, it was reported that the building had been sold (for an undisclosed sum).{{cite news |last1=Penfold |first1=Simon |title=Carillion House bought in major property deal by investors |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/2018/07/07/property-investment-brothers-buy-carillion-house/ |access-date=8 July 2018 |work=Express & Star |date=7 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708191505/https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/2018/07/07/property-investment-brothers-buy-carillion-house/ |archive-date=8 July 2018 |url-status=live}} At this date, some 140 Carillion staff were still based at the building, working for PwC; over 320 staff had either left or been made redundant. Carillion-owned assets set for auction in July 2018 include 12 car parking spaces at Wolverhampton's Molineux Stadium, and development land in Rowley Regis and Loughborough.{{cite news |last1=Covill |first1=Rachel |title=Carillion assets to go under the hammer |url=http://www.thebusinessdesk.com/westmidlands/news/2019370-carillion-assets-go-hammer |access-date=11 July 2018 |work=The Business Desk |date=11 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711193047/http://www.thebusinessdesk.com/westmidlands/news/2019370-carillion-assets-go-hammer |archive-date=11 July 2018 |url-status=live}}

==Pensioners==

According to the National Audit Office, £2.6bn in pension liabilities have to be covered by the Pension Protection Fund. Carillion operated 13 UK defined benefit pension schemes with 27,000 members. Following the liquidation, 12 of these schemes entered a Pension Protection Fund assessment period.{{cite web |title=Carillion pension schemes |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8316/CBP-8316.pdf |access-date=5 July 2018 |work=House of Commons Library |agency=Parliament of the United Kingdom |date=5 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306141252/https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8316/CBP-8316.pdf |archive-date=6 March 2021 |url-status=bot: unknown }}

==Clients and projects==

In January 2018, the contracts previously awarded to Carillion for smart motorway projects were taken on by Kier Group.

Rival contractors looked to take over Carillion's two major hospital PFI projects. Skanska targeted the Midland Metropolitan University Hospital (where 70 Carillion staff lost their jobs){{cite news |last1=Penfold |first1=Simon |title=Carillion: More jobs go but 10,000 have now been saved |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/2018/04/09/carillion-more-jobs-go-but-10000-have-now-been-saved/ |access-date=9 April 2018 |work=Express & Star |date=9 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803133722/https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/2018/04/09/carillion-more-jobs-go-but-10000-have-now-been-saved/ |archive-date=3 August 2018 |url-status=live}} in Birmingham,{{cite news |last1=Aaron |first1=Morby |title=Contractors lined-up for Carillion problem PFI hospitals |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/03/12/contractors-lined-up-for-carillion-problem-pfi-hospitals/ |access-date=12 March 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=12 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315025027/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/03/12/contractors-lined-up-for-carillion-problem-pfi-hospitals/ |archive-date=15 March 2018 |url-status=live}} with the project 18 months late and likely to cost an additional £125M.{{cite news |last1=Aaron |first1=Morby |title=Carillion's Midlands Pf2 hospital to cost extra £125m |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/04/20/carillions-midlands-pf2-hospital-to-cost-extra-125m/ |access-date=20 April 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=20 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424180327/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/04/20/carillions-midlands-pf2-hospital-to-cost-extra-125m/ |archive-date=24 April 2018 |url-status=live}} However, in June 2018, banks financing the project withdrew their support, and HM Treasury cancelled the PFI contract for construction of the hospital, leaving the NHS Trust to search for new investment and pushing the completion date back to at least 2022.{{cite news |last1=Plimmer |first1=Gill |title=Treasury scrambles for investors for Carillion hospital project |url=https://www.ft.com/content/41f37472-6af8-11e8-8cf3-0c230fa67aec |access-date=11 June 2018 |work=Financial Times |date=10 June 2018 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141329/https://www.ft.com/content/41f37472-6af8-11e8-8cf3-0c230fa67aec |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown }}{{cite news |last1=Penfold |first1=Simon |title=Government may take over work on Midland Met Hospital if new PFI attempt fails |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/2018/06/27/government-may-take-over-work-on-midland-met-hospital-if-new-pfi-attempt-fails/ |access-date=28 June 2018 |work=Express & Star |date=27 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628181747/https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/2018/06/27/government-may-take-over-work-on-midland-met-hospital-if-new-pfi-attempt-fails/ |archive-date=28 June 2018 |url-status=live}} Market testing with contractors showed there was little appetite to bid under a private finance model, and that a PF2 bid would be over £100M more expensive and take six months longer. As a result, the NHS trust sought direct government funding,{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Trust cans PF2 plan for Carillion-hit hospital restart |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/08/03/trust-cans-pf2-plan-for-midlands-hospital-restart/ |access-date=3 August 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=3 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805014042/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/08/03/trust-cans-pf2-plan-for-midlands-hospital-restart/ |archive-date=5 August 2018 |url-status=live}} and on 16 August 2018, the government announced it would provide funding to complete the hospital.{{cite news |last1=Marshall |first1=Jordan |title=Government confirms bailout for stalled Carillion hospital job |url=https://www.building.co.uk/news/government-confirms-bailout-for-stalled-carillion-hospital-job/5095144.article |url-access=registration |access-date=16 August 2018 |work=Building |date=16 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817023112/https://www.building.co.uk/news/government-confirms-bailout-for-stalled-carillion-hospital-job/5095144.article |archive-date=17 August 2018 |url-status=live}}

Laing O'Rourke negotiated about the Royal Liverpool University Hospital, but the project remained stalled. In early September 2018, the NHS Trust revealed that the cost of rectifying serious faults, including replacing non-compliant cladding installed by Carillion, was holding up plans to restart and finish the £350M project; with the project further delayed, the Trust was considering invoking a break clause to terminate the PFI contract.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Stalled Royal Liverpool Hospital fails cladding check |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/09/12/stalled-royal-liverpool-hospital-fails-cladding-check/ |access-date=13 September 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=12 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917010456/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/09/12/stalled-royal-liverpool-hospital-fails-cladding-check/ |archive-date=17 September 2018 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Thorp |first1=Liam |title=Two weeks to save Royal Liverpool Hospital and why September 30 is D-day |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/two-weeks-save-royal-liverpool-15149100 |access-date=17 September 2018 |work=Liverpool Echo |date=17 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917143552/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/two-weeks-save-royal-liverpool-15149100 |archive-date=17 September 2018 |url-status=live}} On 24 September 2018, it was reported that the government would step in to terminate the PFI deal, taking the hospital into full public ownership, meaning a £180M loss for private sector lenders Legal & General and the European Investment Bank.{{cite news |last1=Kleinman |first1=Mark |title=Ministers bail out £335m Liverpool hospital after Carillion collapse |url=https://news.sky.com/story/ministers-bail-out-335m-liverpool-hospital-after-carillion-collapse-11507854 |access-date=24 September 2018 |work=Sky News |date=24 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925025439/https://news.sky.com/story/ministers-bail-out-335m-liverpool-hospital-after-carillion-collapse-11507854 |archive-date=25 September 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown }} This was confirmed on 26 September 2018, with completion of the hospital in 2020 (later delayed to autumn 2022){{cite news |last1=Gayne |first1=Daniel |title=Liverpool hospital stalled by Carillion collapse set for autumn opening |url=https://www.building.co.uk/news/liverpool-hospital-stalled-by-carillion-collapse-set-for-autumn-opening/5117879.article |access-date=13 June 2022 |work=Building |date=13 June 2022 |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613080652/https://www.building.co.uk/news/liverpool-hospital-stalled-by-carillion-collapse-set-for-autumn-opening/5117879.article |archive-date=13 June 2022 |url-status=live}} likely to cost an additional £120M, due to unforeseen issues left behind by Carillion.{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Faye |title=Royal Liverpool Hospital "to open in 2020" after PFI deal with Carillion ripped up |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-royal-hospital-open-2020-15204313 |access-date=26 September 2018 |work=Liverpool Echo |date=26 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927005442/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-royal-hospital-open-2020-15204313 |archive-date=27 September 2018 |url-status=live}} On 26 October 2018 Laing O'Rourke was confirmed as the contractor to complete the project.{{cite news |last1=Garner-Purkis |first1=Zak |title=Laing O'Rourke confirmed on Carillion's Royal Liverpool Hospital |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/contractors-news/laing-orourke-confirmed-on-carillions-royal-liverpool-hospital-26-10-2018/ |access-date=26 October 2018 |work=Construction News |date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018185510/https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/contractors-news/laing-orourke-confirmed-on-carillions-royal-liverpool-hospital-26-10-2018/ |archive-date=18 October 2019 |url-status=live}} More than a year later, in November 2019, the defective cladding issue remained unresolved.{{cite news |last1=Marshall |first1=Jordan |title=Cladding still giving Liverpool hospital bosses headaches |url=https://www.building.co.uk/news/cladding-still-giving-liverpool-hospital-bosses-headaches/5102913.article |url-access=registration |access-date=25 November 2019 |work=Building |date=25 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224133212/https://www.building.co.uk/news/cladding-still-giving-liverpool-hospital-bosses-headaches/5102913.article |archive-date=24 December 2019 |url-status=live}} In March 2020, the hospital NHS Trust revealed it was drawing up claims against Carillion's insurers and a Carillion subcontractor, Heyrod Construction.{{cite news |last1=Weinfass |first1=Ian |title=Liverpool hospital trust reveals subjects of potential legal action |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/contractors/carillion/liverpool-hospital-trust-reveals-subjects-of-potential-legal-action-30-03-2020/ |access-date=30 March 2020 |work=Construction News |date=30 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511130708/https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/contractors/carillion/liverpool-hospital-trust-reveals-subjects-of-potential-legal-action-30-03-2020/ |archive-date=11 May 2020 |url-status=live}}

A delayed National Audit Office report into the government's handling of the Midland Metropolitan and Royal Liverpool hospitals was published in January 2020. The report warned of possible further significant cost increases, particularly to rectify the badly built Liverpool project, and blamed Carillion for pricing the jobs too low to meet specifications. The two projects were expected to cost more than 40% more than their original budgets, and to be completed between three and five years late. However, due to effective risk transfer to the contractor, the total cost to the taxpayer would be very similar to the original plan.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=NAO raises alarm over cost of finishing Carillion hospitals |url=https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2020/01/17/nao-raises-alarm-over-cost-of-finishing-carillion-hospitals/ |access-date=17 January 2020 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=17 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512104542/https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2020/01/17/nao-raises-alarm-over-cost-of-finishing-carillion-hospitals/ |archive-date=12 May 2020 |url-status=live}} A follow-up investigation into the hospitals projects by the Public Accounts Committee was postponed in May 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.{{cite news |last1=Marshall |first1=Jordan |title=Government probe into Carillion hospital jobs suspended because of pandemic |url=https://www.building.co.uk/news/government-probe-into-carillion-hospital-jobs-suspended-because-of-pandemic/5106205.article |access-date=28 May 2020 |work=Building |date=28 May 2020 |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620034137/https://www.building.co.uk/news/government-probe-into-carillion-hospital-jobs-suspended-because-of-pandemic/5106205.article |archive-date=20 June 2020 |url-status=live}}

The Lincoln eastern bypass project, originally awarded by Lincolnshire County Council to Carillion, was taken over by Galliford Try, adding £24M in costs and delaying the project's completion by six months to May 2020.{{cite news |last1=Metcalf |first1=Sam |title=Lincoln bypass to cost an extra £24m following Carillion collapse |url=http://www.thebusinessdesk.com/eastmidlands/news/2014807-lincoln-eastern-bypass-cost-extra-24m-following-carillion-collapse |access-date=6 June 2018 |work=The Business Desk |date=6 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929000508/http://www.thebusinessdesk.com/eastmidlands/news/2014807-lincoln-eastern-bypass-cost-extra-24m-following-carillion-collapse |archive-date=29 September 2018 |url-status=live}}

The redevelopment of the Vaux Breweries site in Sunderland resumed, after a six-month delay following Carillion's collapse, in July 2018, with Tolent as the main contractor.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Tolent restarts work at Vaux site stalled by Carillion collapse |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/07/19/tolent-restarts-work-at-vaux-site-stalled-by-carillion-collapse/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=19 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723092351/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/07/19/tolent-restarts-work-at-vaux-site-stalled-by-carillion-collapse/ |archive-date=23 July 2018 |url-status=live}}{{efn|Tolent subsequently also went into liquidation in early 2023, and completion of the contract passed to Wates Group.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Wates to finish Tolent's Vaux job in Sunderland |url=https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2023/08/29/wates-to-finish-tolents-vaux-job-in-sunderland/ |access-date=29 August 2023 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=29 August 2023}}}} Tameside Council's 'Vision Tameside' project east of Manchester was taken over by Robertson Construction,{{cite news |last1=Ord |first1=Matthew |title=Carillion replacement secured for Vision Tameside project |url=https://www.insidermedia.com/news/north-west/carillion-replacement-secured-for-vision-tameside-project |access-date=31 January 2022 |work=Insider Media |date=9 March 2018 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220131130132/https://www.insidermedia.com/news/north-west/carillion-replacement-secured-for-vision-tameside-project |archive-date=31 January 2022 |url-status=live }} but rising costs for this and other former Carillion projects meant 18 major investment projects were put on hold, while the council faced rising fees imposed by PwC.{{cite news |last1=Green |first1=Charlotte |title=The collapse of Carillion has devastated Tameside and the scandal is going to cost millions |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/collapse-carillion-devastated-tameside-scandal-15263055 |access-date=11 October 2018 |work=Manchester Evening News |date=10 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011133635/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/collapse-carillion-devastated-tameside-scandal-15263055 |archive-date=11 October 2018 |url-status=live}} Tameside also faced a £5M bill to repair problems arising from a £2.7M school refurbishment project carried out by Carillion before it collapsed.{{cite news |title=Carillion collapse: Rebuilt school could be demolished, MP says |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-58476875 |access-date=9 September 2021 |work=BBC News |date=8 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909125131/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-58476875 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Price |first1=David |title=School facing £5m remediation bill for Carillion's work |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/contractors/carillion/school-facing-5m-remediation-bill-for-carillions-work-08-09-2021/ |access-date=9 September 2021 |work=Construction News |date=8 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909141503/https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/contractors/carillion/school-facing-5m-remediation-bill-for-carillions-work-08-09-2021/ |archive-date=9 September 2021 |url-status=live}}

Smaller projects, including the construction of new school buildings in Oxfordshire, were also disrupted and delayed.{{cite news |title=Wallingford's Fir Tree Schools pupils take Carillion plight to the top |url=http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/yourtown/wallingford/16121081.Pupils_take_temporary_classrooms_plight_to_the_top/ |access-date=1 June 2018 |work=Oxford Mail |date=28 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718204930/http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/yourtown/wallingford/16121081.Pupils_take_temporary_classrooms_plight_to_the_top/ |archive-date=18 July 2018 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Hornsey |first1=Rachel |title=Carillion collapse has left our school in a sorry state |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/may/31/carillion-collapse-has-left-our-school-in-a-sorry-state |access-date=1 June 2018 |work=The Guardian |date=31 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718205425/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/may/31/carillion-collapse-has-left-our-school-in-a-sorry-state |archive-date=18 July 2018 |url-status=live}} In July 2018, Oxfordshire County Council was reviewing costs and liabilities related to its properties following the Carillion collapse; it was concerned about 'latent defects' – normally dealt with as part of the contract with the builder, but with many Carillion businesses in liquidation now less straightforward if claims needed to be made.{{cite press release |title=County council counts the cost of the Carillion collapse |url=http://news.oxfordshire.gov.uk/county-council-counts-the-cost-of-the-carillion-collapse/ |access-date=18 July 2018 |publisher=Oxfordshire County Council |date=18 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718211337/https://news.oxfordshire.gov.uk/county-council-counts-the-cost-of-the-carillion-collapse/ |archive-date=18 July 2018 |url-status=live}} In November 2018, the council said that auditing Carillion's shortcomings across 162 of its biggest projects for the council had cost it £1.7M; in the process it had identified missing certificates and fire safety issues on building projects, for which it intended to claim costs (as yet unspecified) from Carillion's liquidators.{{cite news |title=Carillion audit costs Oxfordshire County Council £1.7m |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-46144769 |access-date=9 November 2018 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=8 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124060542/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-46144769 |archive-date=24 November 2018 |url-status=live}} Exactly how much the council owed to Carillion's liquidators and how much the council intended to claim was unclear in January 2019,{{cite news |last1=Briant |first1=Nathan |title=Oxfordshire council might owe yet more cash after Carillion crash |url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/17339236.oxfordshire-council-might-owe-yet-more-cash-after-carillion-crash/ |access-date=7 January 2019 |work=Oxford Mail |date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108011023/https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/17339236.oxfordshire-council-might-owe-yet-more-cash-after-carillion-crash/ |archive-date=8 January 2019 |url-status=live}} although in March 2019, the council was reported to be owing three times what it thought it should pay – a figure that "might run into tens of millions of pounds at least".{{cite news |last1=Briant |first1=Nathan |title=Council in potentially costly dispute with Carillion over work |url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/17488850.council-in-potentially-costly-dispute-with-carillion-over-work/ |access-date=9 March 2019 |work=Oxford Mail |date=9 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630184053/https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/17488850.council-in-potentially-costly-dispute-with-carillion-over-work/ |archive-date=30 June 2019 |url-status=live}} In May 2024, the council said it had spent over £13m on fixing defects in buildings worked on by Carillion, including 24 schools, the Thame fire station, and Didcot's park-and-ride facility.{{cite news |last1=Stein |first1=Joshua |title=Carillion collapse left council with £13.5m defects bill |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/contractors/carillion/carillion-collapse-left-council-with-13-5m-defects-bill-31-05-2024/ |access-date=31 May 2024 |work=Construction News |date=31 May 2024}}

On 6 August 2018, the Insolvency Service announced that agreements to transfer the last of 278 former Carillion contracts to new service providers were in place, signalling the end of the trading phase of the liquidation.

File:Beetham Tower from below.jpg (2006) built by Carillion]]

Carillion's collapse also prolonged a £4M dispute relating to faulty glazing on Manchester's Beetham Tower.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Beetham Tower owner faces £4m reclad bill |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2019/02/14/beetham-tower-owner-faces-4m-reclad-bill/ |access-date=14 February 2019 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=14 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218062438/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2019/02/14/beetham-tower-owner-faces-4m-reclad-bill/ |archive-date=18 February 2019 |url-status=live}}

==Joint venture partners==

Main contractors Balfour Beatty (partner on three highway projects) and Galliford Try (partner on one highway project) were now jointly liable for additional cash contributions: the cash contributions for one of those projects, the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route, totalled between £60M and £80M; Balfour Beatty estimated a cost across the three schemes of between £35M and £45M,{{cite news |title=Balfour takes £40m hit on Carillion collapse |url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/balfour-takes-40m-hit-on-carillion-collapse |access-date=15 January 2018 |work=The Construction Index |date=15 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118101740/http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/balfour-takes-40m-hit-on-carillion-collapse |archive-date=18 January 2018 |url-status=live}} while Galliford Try sought to raise £150M and cut its dividend to support its balance sheet claiming Carillion's collapse had "increased the group's total cash commitments on the project by in excess of £150M"{{cite news |last1=Megaw |first1=Nicholas |title=Carillion collapse prompts Galliford Try to cut dividend and raise capital |url=https://www.ft.com/content/46c0eb62-1155-11e8-940e-08320fc2a277 |access-date=14 February 2018 |work=Financial Times |date=14 February 2018 |url-access=subscription}} (on 27 March 2018, the company confirmed it had successfully raised £158M in a rights issue).{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Galliford Try cash call raises £158m for Aberdeen Bypass |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/03/27/galliford-try-cash-call-raises-158m-for-aberdeen-bypass/ |access-date=27 March 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=27 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330060348/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/03/27/galliford-try-cash-call-raises-158m-for-aberdeen-bypass/ |archive-date=30 March 2018 |url-status=live}} In August 2018, Balfour Beatty said its liabilities on the Aberdeen project had risen by a further £23M and were forecast to reach £135M.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Balfour boosts profits despite another Aberdeen road hit |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/08/15/balfour-boosts-profits-despite-another-aberdeen-road-hit/ |access-date=15 August 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817212046/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/08/15/balfour-boosts-profits-despite-another-aberdeen-road-hit/ |archive-date=17 August 2018 |url-status=live}}

Rail electrification JV partner Powerlines bought Carillion's 50% stake, safeguarding 300 jobs,{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Powerlines buys Carillion JV stake saving 300 jobs |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/03/28/powerlines-buys-carillion-jv-stake-saving-300-jobs/ |access-date=28 March 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=28 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330060328/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/03/28/powerlines-buys-carillion-jv-stake-saving-300-jobs/ |archive-date=30 March 2018 |url-status=live}} and Aspire Defence partner KBR acquired Carillion's interests in relation to the Project Allenby Connaught PFI deal.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=KBR buys Carillion's Aspire Defence business |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/04/19/kbr-buys-carillions-aspire-defence-business/ |access-date=19 April 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=19 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421040036/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/04/19/kbr-buys-carillions-aspire-defence-business/ |archive-date=21 April 2018 |url-status=live}} Joint venture partner Abellio withdrew from a bid for a Welsh rail franchise as a result of Carillion's collapse.{{cite news |title=Abellio ends rail bid after Carillion collapse |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-43169116 |access-date=23 February 2018 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=23 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228141025/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-43169116 |archive-date=28 February 2018 |url-status=live}}

In August 2018 Amey completed the acquisition of Ministry of Defence (MoD) housing maintenance contracts previously ran in joint venture with Carillion.{{cite news |title=Amey completes Carillion defence JV transition |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/amey-completes-carillion-defence-jv-transition |access-date=31 August 2018 |work=The Construction Index |date=31 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831174619/https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/amey-completes-carillion-defence-jv-transition |archive-date=31 August 2018 |url-status=live}}

In September 2018, Emaar and Al-Futtaim Group acquired Carillion's stake in Dubai's Emrill, a facilities management company founded in 2002.{{cite news |last1=Bhatia |first1=Neha |title=Emaar and Al-Futtaim acquire Carillion's stake in Dubai's Emrill |url=http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-50310-emaar-and-al-futtaim-acquire-carillions-stake-in-dubais-emrill |access-date=24 September 2018 |work=Construction Week |date=23 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924185505/http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-50310-emaar-and-al-futtaim-acquire-carillions-stake-in-dubais-emrill |archive-date=24 September 2018 |url-status=live}}

In October 2018, Arlington Real Estate completed the acquisition of Carillion's 50% interest in the Durham Gate mixed-use regeneration projects south of Durham.{{cite news |title=Arlington buys out Carillion's Durham Gate interest |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/arlington-buys-out-carillions-durham-gate-interest |access-date=29 October 2018 |work=The Construction Index |date=29 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029152032/https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/arlington-buys-out-carillions-durham-gate-interest |archive-date=29 October 2018 |url-status=live}}

==Lenders==

Five UK banks incurred heavy losses on loans to Carillion. Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS), HSBC, Santander, Lloyds and Barclays had provided £140M of emergency loans in September 2017 and were also lenders on a £790M revolving credit facility.{{cite news |last1=Bradley |first1=Sandrine |title=LPC-UK banks bear the brunt of Carillion's collapse |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-carillion-loans/lpc-uk-banks-bear-the-brunt-of-carillions-collapse-idUKKBN1F72DC |access-date=23 February 2018 |work=Reuters |date=18 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171503/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-carillion-loans/lpc-uk-banks-bear-the-brunt-of-carillions-collapse-idUKKBN1F72DC |archive-date=23 February 2018 |url-status=dead}} On 22 February 2018, Barclays revealed Carillion's collapse had cost it £127M.{{cite news |title=Barclays takes £127m hit from Carillion collapse |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43152466 |access-date=23 February 2018 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=22 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225221806/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43152466 |archive-date=25 February 2018 |url-status=live}} On 24 April 2018, Santander revealed a £60M impairment charge attributed mainly to Carillion but also said to include Interserve.{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Holly |title=Banking giant Santander's UK profits plunge 21% after taking hit from collapse of construction giant Carillion |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/money/savings-banks/banking-giant-santanders-uk-profits-12416544 |access-date=24 April 2018 |work=Daily Mirror |date=24 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424100230/https://www.mirror.co.uk/money/savings-banks/banking-giant-santanders-uk-profits-12416544 |archive-date=24 April 2018 |url-status=live}}

The knock-on impact of Carillion's liquidation also affected bank loans to supplier companies forced into administration: for example, Vaughan collapsed owing £2.9M to Danske Bank.

==Non-UK operations==

Outside the UK, the completion and handover of six schools being constructed under PFI arrangements in Ireland was also suspended following Carillion's liquidation,{{cite news |last1=O Kelly |first1=Emma |title=Construction of six schools in doubt following Carillion collapse |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/education/2018/0123/935501-school-buildings-construction-carillion/ |access-date=24 January 2018 |work=RTÉ |date=24 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015304/https://www.rte.ie/news/education/2018/0123/935501-school-buildings-construction-carillion/ |archive-date=25 January 2018 |url-status=live}} with Irish suppliers fearing non-payment of Carillion debts{{cite news |last1=Ryan |first1=Órla |title='Livelihoods on the line': Irish contractors affected by Carillion collapse fear they won't be paid |url=http://www.thejournal.ie/carillion-collapse-schools-ireland-3822468-Jan2018/ |access-date=30 January 2018 |work=The Journal |date=30 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131194219/http://www.thejournal.ie/carillion-collapse-schools-ireland-3822468-Jan2018/ |archive-date=31 January 2018 |url-status=live}} (on 6 April 2018, 216-strong Co Kildare-based Sammon Contracting Group sought bankruptcy protection after becoming insolvent due to €8M debts on the schools projects,{{cite news |last1=O Faolain |first1=Aodhan |last2=Managh |first2=Ray |title=Carillion collapse leads to Irish firm fighting for its survival in court |url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/carillion-collapse-leads-to-irish-firm-fighting-for-its-survival-in-court-36779800.html |access-date=6 April 2018 |work=The Irish Independent |date=6 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612234542/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/carillion-collapse-leads-to-irish-firm-fighting-for-its-survival-in-court-36779800.html |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Price |first1=David |title=Carillion: Irish firm owed €8m on the brink |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/contractors-news/carillion-irish-firm-owed-e8m-on-the-brink-06-04-2018/ |access-date=6 April 2018 |work=Construction News |date=6 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729064538/https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/contractors-news/carillion-irish-firm-owed-e8m-on-the-brink-06-04-2018/ |archive-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=O Faolain |first1=Aodhan |title=Court confirms examiner for Sammon, owed millions by Carillion |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/ireland-world/article/court-confirms-examiner-for-sammon-owed-millions-by-carillion-q5hr7gxch |access-date=17 April 2018 |work=The Times |date=17 April 2018 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417130538/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/court-confirms-examiner-for-sammon-owed-millions-by-carillion-q5hr7gxch |archive-date=17 April 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown }} before going into liquidation in early June;{{cite news |last2=O'Halloran |first2=Barry |last1=O'Brien |first1=Ciara |title=Sammon goes into liquidation following Carillion 'perfect storm' |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/commercial-property/sammon-goes-into-liquidation-following-carillion-perfect-storm-1.3520061 |access-date=5 June 2018 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=5 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627005529/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/commercial-property/sammon-goes-into-liquidation-following-carillion-perfect-storm-1.3520061 |archive-date=27 June 2018 |url-status=live}} numerous other Irish subcontractors were also owed sums – on one school, figures ranged from €16,000 to over €200,000).{{cite news |last1=Devine |first1=Catherine |title='It's our time and money that went into the school' - Sub-contractors 'owed thousands' after Carillion collapse |url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/its-our-time-and-money-that-went-into-the-school-subcontractors-owed-thousands-after-carillion-collapse-36839565.html |access-date=30 April 2018 |work=The Irish Independent |date=29 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502010312/https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/its-our-time-and-money-that-went-into-the-school-subcontractors-owed-thousands-after-carillion-collapse-36839565.html |archive-date=2 May 2018 |url-status=live}} Work was not expected to resume until May 2018.{{cite news |last1=O Kelly |first1=Emma |title=Progress on schools affected by Carillion collapse 'unlikely until May' |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2018/0314/947445-carillion-schools/ |access-date=15 March 2018 |work=RTÉ |date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316023511/https://www.rte.ie/news/2018/0314/947445-carillion-schools/ |archive-date=16 March 2018 |url-status=live}} In March 2018, it was announced that the schools building and facilities contracts had been re-tendered, with the schools expected to open in September 2018,{{cite news |last1=Murray |first1=Niall |title=Carillion projects put out to tender |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/carillion-projects-put-out-to-tender-468625.html |access-date=23 March 2018 |work=The Irish Examiner |date=23 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627005742/https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/carillion-projects-put-out-to-tender-468625.html |archive-date=27 June 2018 |url-status=live}} but concerns about whether this completion date would be met continued in late April.{{cite news |last1=Finn |first1=Christina |title=Carillion construction fallout: Wexford principal fearful new school may not be able to open in time |url=http://www.thejournal.ie/carillion-collapse-wexford-schools-3982251-Apr2018/ |access-date=30 April 2018 |work=The Journal |date=30 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502003338/http://www.thejournal.ie/carillion-collapse-wexford-schools-3982251-Apr2018/ |archive-date=2 May 2018 |url-status=live}} In June 2018, the six former Carillion schools contracts were reported to have been taken over by Omagh, Co Tyrone-based contractor Woodvale Construction, with three schools to open in September 2018 and three in December 2018.{{cite news |last1=O'Halloran |first1=Barry |title=Woodvale Construction wins contract for six unfinished schools |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/construction/woodvale-construction-wins-contract-for-six-unfinished-schools-1.3543459 |access-date=26 June 2018 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=25 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109030549/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/construction/woodvale-construction-wins-contract-for-six-unfinished-schools-1.3543459 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |url-status=live}} However, work on some sites was disrupted by unpaid Carillion subcontractors who, on 18 July, became subject to a temporary High Court injunction preventing them from blockading sites.{{cite news |title=High Court issues injunction over school site pickets |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2018/0718/979562-subcontractors-carillion-sammon/ |access-date=18 July 2018 |work=RTÉ |date=18 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718174615/https://www.rte.ie/news/2018/0718/979562-subcontractors-carillion-sammon/ |archive-date=18 July 2018 |url-status=live}}

Four of Carillion's Canadian businesses sought protection from creditors under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act by an Ontario court so that the businesses, employing 6,000 people and including maintenance contracts in hospitals and roadways plus public–private partnership construction of hospitals, could continue.{{cite news |last1=Healing |first1=Dan |title=Carillion Canada, major road maintenance contractor, files for creditor protection |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3987415/carillion-canada-creditor-protection/ |access-date=25 January 2018 |work=Global News |date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021142/https://globalnews.ca/news/3987415/carillion-canada-creditor-protection/ |archive-date=3 February 2018 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Healing |first1=Dan |title=Canadian arm of U.K. construction giant Carillion files for creditor protection |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/canadian-arm-of-u-k-construction-giant-carillion-files-for-creditor-protection-1.3775579 |access-date=26 January 2018 |work=CTV News |date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730170641/https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/canadian-arm-of-u-k-construction-giant-carillion-files-for-creditor-protection-1.3775579 |archive-date=30 July 2018 |url-status=live}} On 5 February 2018 Fairfax Financial announced it had taken over several Carillion Canada facilities management contracts, with over 4,500 Carillion Canada employees joining Fairfax;{{cite news |title=Fairfax Financial to buy some Carillion Canada contracts, take over 4,500 jobs |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/carillion-canada-1.4520040 |access-date=5 February 2018 |work=CBC News |date=5 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205221123/http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/carillion-canada-1.4520040 |archive-date=5 February 2018 |url-status=bot: unknown }} the deal excluded highway maintenance contracts in Ontario and Alberta.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Carillion Canadian FM arm sold to insurance giant |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/02/06/carillion-canadian-fm-arm-sold-to-insurance-giant/ |access-date=6 February 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=6 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730170929/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/02/06/carillion-canadian-fm-arm-sold-to-insurance-giant/ |archive-date=30 July 2018 |url-status=live}} On 15 February 2018, it was reported that the Ontario highways maintenance business could run out of money in days and might need to be bailed out by province authorities,{{cite news |last1=Daniszewski |first1=Hank |title=What's Ontario's Plan B if road maintainer Carillion Canada run out of cash, asks NDP transportation critic |url=https://lfpress.com/2018/02/14/whats-ontarios-planb-if-road-maintainer-carillion-canada-run-out-of-cash-asks-ndp-transportation-critic |access-date=16 February 2018 |work=The London Free Press |date=15 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731062033/https://lfpress.com/2018/02/14/whats-ontarios-planb-if-road-maintainer-carillion-canada-run-out-of-cash-asks-ndp-transportation-critic/wcm/ae7b8f98-1394-e09f-741a-73ba294de523 |archive-date=31 July 2018 |url-status=live}} though this was denied by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario.{{cite news|last1=Hrvratin|first1=Vanessa|title=Ontario winter road maintenance will continue despite Carillion Canada's uncertain future |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/ontario-winter-road-maintenance-will-continue-despite-carillion-canadas-uncertain-future |access-date=18 February 2018 |work=The National Post |date=18 February 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220520133548/https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/ontario-winter-road-maintenance-will-continue-despite-carillion-canadas-uncertain-future |archive-date=20 May 2022 |url-status=live}} On 23 February, Carillion Canada's bankruptcy protection was extended to 25 May 2018.{{cite news |last1=Prokopchuk |first1=Matt |title=Carillion Canada, Ontario highway contractor, granted creditor protection extension |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/thunder-bay/carillion-creditor-protection-extension-1.4552364 |access-date=27 February 2018 |date=27 February 2018 |work=CBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306002420/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/thunder-bay/carillion-creditor-protection-extension-1.4552364 |archive-date=6 March 2018 |url-status=live}} On 1 March 2018 Carillion's joint venture partner EllisDon acquired its interests in four Ontario hospital projects, becoming the sole service provider at Royal Ottawa Hospital, Oakville-Trafalgar Memorial Hospital, Brampton Civic Hospital and Sault Area Hospital.{{cite news |title=EllisDon announces purchase of Carillion health care assets |url=https://canada.constructconnect.com/dcn/news/economic/2018/03/ellisdon-announces-purchase-carillion-health-care-assets |access-date=1 March 2018 |work=Daily Commercial News |date=1 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730170817/https://canada.constructconnect.com/dcn/news/economic/2018/03/ellisdon-announces-purchase-carillion-health-care-assets |archive-date=30 July 2018 |url-status=live}} The Alberta government made $8.9M available to help Carillion Canada continue its highway maintenance operations for the remainder of the winter season.{{cite news |last1=Bartko |first1=Karen |title=Carillion gets $9M bailout from Alberta to continue winter highway maintenance |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4096686/carillion-canada-alberta-highway-bailout/ |access-date=23 March 2018 |work=Global News |date=21 March 2018}} An additional $3.1M was made available in May to allow the company to continue to the end of June.{{cite news |last1=Heidenreich |first1=Phil |title=Government makes 'additional $3.1M available' to financially troubled Carillion to maintain Alberta highways |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4204020/alberta-transportation-highways-carillion-canada-business-insolvent/ |access-date=11 May 2018|work=Global News |date=11 May 2018}} On 30 July 2018, it was announced that Carillion Canada's highway operations in Alberta and Ontario had been sold to Emcon Services Inc.{{cite news |title=Carillion sells highway maintenance operations |url=https://www.renewcanada.net/carillion-sells-highway-maintenance-operations/ |access-date=30 July 2018 |work=Renew Canada |date=30 July 2018}}

=Political impacts of liquidation=

There were immediate calls for a public inquiry from politicians and financial analysts in the United Kingdom.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/live/2018/jan/15/carillion-crisis-liquidation-last-ditch-talks-fail-business-live|title=Carillion liquidation: Jeremy Corbyn attacks 'rip-off' privatisations as workers face uncertainty – as it happened|first=Graeme|last=Wearden|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 January 2018|via=www.theguardian.com}} On 16 January 2018, the UK government ordered a fast track investigation into the directors at the construction firm to look into possible misconduct.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42703549 |title=Carillion directors to be investigated |work=BBC News|date=16 January 2018 |access-date=16 January 2018}}{{cite news |url=https://news.sky.com/story/carillion-collapse-the-fat-cats-in-the-frame-over-contractors-failure-11209838 |title=Carillion collapse: The key personnel at the firm |last=Sillars |first=James |publisher=Sky News |date=16 January 2018 |access-date=16 January 2018}}

The company's liquidation raised political questions about the award of UK Government contracts to a financially troubled business, and about Private Finance Initiative projects and wider privatisation of public services. At Prime Minister's Questions on 17 January 2018, Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn challenged Prime Minister Theresa May over Carillion, asking why over £2bn of contracts had been awarded to Carillion even after the company had issued three profit warnings.{{cite news|last1=Sparrow|first1=Andrew|title=PMQs verdict: Corbyn taunts May over Carillion|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jan/17/pmqs-verdict-corbyn-crushes-may-over-carillion|access-date=21 January 2018|work=Guardian|date=17 January 2018}}

Transport Secretary Chris Grayling faced calls to resign, having awarded a major HS2 rail contract to Carillion in July 2017.{{cite news|last1=Maidment|first1=Jack|title=Chris Grayling: Delivery of HS2 will not be delayed by collapse of Carillion|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/17/chris-grayling-delivery-hs2-will-not-delayed-collapse-carillion/|access-date=21 January 2018|work=Telegraph|date=17 January 2018}}

Particular concerns were raised about the National Health Service where 14 hospital trusts had relied on Carillion services and where construction of two major hospital PFI projects – the new Royal Liverpool University Hospital and the Midland Metropolitan University Hospital in Birmingham – faced shutdowns and further delays;{{cite news|last1=Matthews-King|first1=Alex|title=Alarm in hospitals as NHS triggers emergency plans in 14 trusts after Carillion collapse|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/carillion-latest-nhs-contingency-plans-hospitals-triggered-contracts-trusts-liquidation-government-a8161881.html|access-date=21 January 2018|work=Independent|date=16 January 2018}} in March 2018 it was reported that costs on these two projects were over £70M higher than the company was officially reporting.{{cite news|last1=Price|first1=David|title=Carillion understated hospital costs by £70m|url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/contractors-news/carillion-understated-hospital-costs-by-70m-26-03-2018/|access-date=26 March 2018|work=Construction News|date=26 March 2018}} The British Medical Association and Labour Shadow Health Secretary Jon Ashworth were among those who called for urgent action following Carillion's collapse.{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Rob|last2=Clark|first2=Tim|last3=Campbell|first3=Denis|title=Carillion collapse further delays building at two major hospitals|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/19/carillion-collapse-expected-to-further-delay-building-at-two-major-hospitals|access-date=21 January 2018|work=Guardian|date=19 January 2018}}

The UK Government established a Carillion task force, including representatives from business, construction trade associations, trade unions, lenders and government, chaired by Business Secretary Greg Clark. On 18 January 2018, Clark welcomed the creation of a £225M fund established by HSBC, Royal Bank of Scotland and Lloyds Bank to support suppliers, particularly SMEs, affected by Carillion's insolvency;{{cite news|last1=Gill|first1=Oliver|title=Government sets up Carillion task force|url=http://www.cityam.com/279034/government-sets-up-carillion-task-force|access-date=21 January 2018|work=City AM|date=18 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122001203/http://www.cityam.com/279034/government-sets-up-carillion-task-force|archive-date=22 January 2018|url-status=dead}} a further £100M of lending was offered by the state-owned British Business Bank.{{cite news|title=Carillion collapse: UK puts up £100m to back Carillion contractor loans|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42925155|access-date=4 February 2018|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=3 February 2018}} Around 30,000 suppliers were reported to be owed approximately £1 billion.{{cite news|last1=Torrance|first1=Jack|title=Carillion collapse leaves 30,000 businesses losing out on up to £1bn|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/01/15/carillion-plunges-liquidation-putting-jobs-pensions-government/|access-date=21 January 2018|work=Telegraph|date=16 January 2018}} MP James Frith tabled an early day motion calling on the government to honour all outstanding payments on public contracts for work completed and to enforce public sector 30-day payment regulations.

==Parliamentary investigations==

MPs began an investigation into Carillion's pension deficit, amid suggestions that The Pensions Regulator and the firm's pension trustees failed to act after the 2017 profit warnings, putting pensions at risk. Carillion operated 13 UK pension schemes, with around 27,000 members, of whom over 12,000 already received pensions. Despite initial estimates of a £587M deficit, reports suggested the true figure could be between £800M and £2.6bn;{{cite news|last1=Curry|first1=Rhiannon|title=MPs open investigation into Carillion's pension deficit|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/01/19/mps-open-investigation-carillions-pension-deficit/|access-date=21 January 2018|work=Telegraph|date=19 January 2018}} on 29 January 2018, Frank Field, chair of the Work and Pensions Select Committee accused Carillion of trying to "wriggle out" of pension payments, resulting in a £990M deficit.{{cite news|title=Carillion tried to 'wriggle out' of pension contributions|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42853895|access-date=29 January 2018|work=BBC News|date=29 January 2018}} Pensions advisers were said to have repeatedly warned that Carillion was prioritising shareholder dividends over the funding of its pension scheme.{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Rob|title=Carillion ignored warnings about pensions, documents reveal|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/feb/05/carillion-ignored-warnings-about-pensions-documents-reveal|access-date=5 February 2018|work=Guardian|date=5 February 2018}}

Carillion directors, trustees of the company's pension scheme, and the Financial Reporting Council were summoned to appear before the House of Commons Business and Work and Pensions Select Committees on 30 January and 6 February.{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Rob|title=MPs to question senior Carillion executives over collapse|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/24/mps-to-question-senior-carillion-executives-over-collapse|access-date=24 January 2018|work=Guardian|date=24 January 2018}} Directors were also summoned before the Public Accounts Committee on 27 February 2018.

The Business and Work and Pensions Select Committees also wrote to the 'Big 4' firms, KPMG, EY, PwC and Deloitte, asking for detailed accounts of services offered to Carillion, its subsidiaries and pension scheme since 2008, and what fees were received.{{cite news|title=Committees question Big Four accountancy firms on involvement with Carillion|url=http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/work-and-pensions-committee/news-parliament-2017/draft-for-friday-am/|access-date=29 January 2018|work=Parliament.uk|date=25 January 2018}} At 30 January hearing, Frank Field asked the FRC's head Stephen Hadrill whether the 'Big 4' should be broken up in the wake of Carillion's collapse.{{cite news|title=Carillion collapse sparks break up call for 'Big four'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42870816|access-date=30 January 2018|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=30 January 2018}} On 13 February, the 'Big 4' were described by Field as "feasting on what was soon to become a carcass" after collecting fees of £72M for Carillion work during the years leading up to its collapse.{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Rob|title=Carillion: accountants accused of 'feasting' on company|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/feb/13/carillion-accountants-accused-of-feasting-on-company|access-date=13 February 2018|work=Guardian|date=13 February 2018}} It later emerged that Carillion paid £6.4M to 12 firms of advisers the day before pleading for an emergency £10M loan from the UK Government; £2.5M was paid to Ernst and Young, with other large payments to Slaughter and May (£1.2M), FTI Consulting (£1M) and Lazard and Co (£0.5M).{{cite news|last1=Merrick|first1=Rob|title=Carillion 'shelled out' £6.4m to advisers day before it asked Government for £10m loan|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/carillion-collapse-private-consultants-philip-green-outsourcing-rachel-reeves-frank-field-a8249331.html|access-date=11 March 2018|work=Independent|date=11 March 2018}}

In 6 February hearings, Carillion directors blamed the company's collapse on problem contracts (including two hospital PFI projects – in Liverpool and Birmingham – with cost overruns), high levels of debt arising from the 2011 acquisition of Eaga,{{cite news|last1=Morby|first1=Aaron|title=Cracked beams at Liverpool hospital sparked Carillion collapse|url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/02/06/cracked-beams-at-liverpool-hospital-sparked-carillion-collapse/|access-date=7 February 2018|work=Construction Enquirer|date=6 February 2018}} plus Brexit, the 2017 General Election and interest rates.{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Rob|title=Former Carillion directors branded 'delusional' at MPs' Q&A|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/feb/06/carillion-director-mp-executives-collapse|access-date=7 February 2018|work=Guardian|date=6 February 2018}} The company also claimed it was owed £200M in relation to the Msheireb Downtown Doha project in Qatar{{cite news|last1=Withers|first1=Iain|last2=Curry|first2=Rhiannon|title=Former Carillion bosses to give explosive tesimony to MPs this week and pin blame on Qataris|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/02/03/former-carillion-bosses-give-explosive-tesimony-mps-try-pin/|access-date=4 February 2018|work=Telegraph|date=4 February 2018}} – former CEO Richard Howson said he felt like "a bailiff" in chasing the debt.{{cite news|title=I felt like a bailiff, says Howson|url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/i-felt-like-a-bailiff-says-howson|access-date=7 February 2018|work=The Construction Index|date=6 February 2018}} (Carillion's claim was subsequently disputed by Msheireb Properties,{{cite news|last1=Goodley|first1=Simon|last2=Topham|first2=Gwyn|title=Carillion executives accused of giving misleading evidence to MPs|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/feb/07/carillion-executives-accused-of-giving-misleading-evidence-to-mps|access-date=8 February 2018|work=Guardian|date=7 February 2018}} with the Qataris prepared to testify to the select committees,{{cite news|last1=Harwood|first1=Anthony|title=Sheiks demand hearing to rebut Carillion's allegations of non-payments|url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/sheiks-demand-hearing-to-rebut-carillions-allegations|access-date=9 February 2018|work=The Construction Index|date=9 February 2018}} providing written evidence to them, and said to be considering a £200M claim against Carillion.){{cite news|last1=Curry|first1=Rhiannon|title=Qatari developer could bring legal action against Carillion|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/02/21/qatari-developer-could-bring-legal-action-against-carillion/|access-date=21 February 2018|work=Telegraph|date=21 February 2018}} MPs on the two select committees also discussed documents showing that Carillion investor Standard Life had expressed concerns over the company's financial management, strategy and corporate governance in 2015. After the session, committee chairs Frank Field and Rachel Reeves said:

{{blockquote|This morning a series of delusional characters maintained that everything was hunky dory until it all went suddenly and unforeseeably wrong. We heard variously that this was the fault of the Bank of England, the foreign exchange markets, advisers, Brexit, the snap election, investors, suppliers, the construction industry, the business culture of the Middle East and professional designers of concrete beams. Everything we have seen points the fingers in another direction – to the people who built a giant company on sand in a desperate dash for cash.}}

After considering the directors' evidence, MPs on the select committees sought further information, particularly where they felt testimony had been "contradictory" or evasive. Other organisations including Msheireb, lawyer Slaughter and May, bankers Lazard and Morgan Stanley, and the clients of three UK PFI projects, were also contacted about their involvement in Carillion's collapse.{{cite news|last1=Neilan|first1=Catherine|title=MPs demand minutes, presentations from Carillion bosses after contradictory statements|url=http://www.cityam.com/280702/mps-demand-minutes-presentations-carillion-bosses-after|access-date=15 February 2018|work=City AM|date=15 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030650/http://www.cityam.com/280702/mps-demand-minutes-presentations-carillion-bosses-after|archive-date=16 February 2018|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|title=MPs seek more answers from Carillion directors|url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/mps-seek-more-answers-from-carillion-directors|access-date=16 February 2018|work=The Construction Index|date=16 February 2018}} Published correspondence between shareholders (including Kiltearn, Standard Life and Letko Brosseau) – described as "fleeing for the hills" – and Carillion showed repeated efforts to raise issues with directors{{cite news|last1=Cahill|first1=Helen|title=City investors chronicle efforts to reform Carillion as it headed to liquidation|url=http://www.cityam.com/280836/city-investors-chronicle-efforts-reform-carillion-headed|access-date=19 February 2018|work=City AM|date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219025426/http://www.cityam.com/280836/city-investors-chronicle-efforts-reform-carillion-headed|archive-date=19 February 2018|url-status=dead}} with the interim CEO Keith Cochrane said to have only a vague grasp of finances.{{cite news|last1=Gosden|first1=Emily|title=rboss 'had only vague grasp of finances'|url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/a0fedee8-14e0-11e8-96d8-811fd4bb2b55|access-date=19 February 2018|work=Times|date=19 February 2018}}

Further correspondence showed "contemptuous" Carillion directors had repeatedly refused to fund growing deficits in the company's 13 pension schemes,{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Rob|title=Carillion directors ignored pleas to plug pensions gap, letters reveal|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/feb/20/carillion-directors-ignored-pleas-to-plug-pensions-gap-letters-reveal|access-date=20 February 2018|work=Guardian|date=20 February 2018}} while pension fund trustees had unsuccessfully sought intervention from The Pensions Regulator in 2010 and 2013.{{cite news|title=Carillion: Regulator was warned over pensions deficit|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43125009|access-date=20 February 2018|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=20 February 2018}} Despite these requests, the regulator only opened the process after Carillion entered liquidation.{{cite news|last1=McCulloch|first1=Adam|title=Pensions Regulator failed to press Carillion on deficits|url=https://www.personneltoday.com/hr/pensions-regulator-failed-press-carillion-directors-deficits/|access-date=21 February 2018|work=Personnel Today|date=20 February 2018}} On 22 February 2018, the Pensions Regulator told a joint select committees hearing that it was considering pursuing individuals connected with Carillion to recover cash for its indebted pension schemes,{{cite news|last1=Cumbo|first1=Josephine|title=Pensions regulator considers pursuing individuals over Carillion failure|url=https://www.ft.com/content/da2cd4d8-17c2-11e8-9376-4a6390addb44|access-date=22 February 2018|work=Financial Times|date=22 February 2018}} but was criticised for not forcing Carillion to pay sufficient money into its retirement schemes.{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Rob|title=MPs attack pension regulator at Carillion inquiry|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/feb/22/mps-attack-pension-regulator-at-carillion-inquiry|access-date=22 February 2018|work=Guardian|date=22 February 2018}}

On 22 February 2018, MPs also contested evidence from internal auditor Deloitte and external auditor KPMG (in one exchange MP Peter Kyle told KPMG partner Peter Meehan: "I would not hire you to do an audit of the contents of my fridge").{{cite news|last1=Marriage|first1=Madison|title=MPs turn fire on KPMG and Deloitte partners over Carillion|url=https://www.ft.com/content/71c8f2b8-17d7-11e8-9e9c-25c814761640|access-date=22 February 2018|work=Financial Times|date=22 February 2018}} Rachel Reeves, chair of the business select committee, said:

Auditing is a multi-million-pound business for the Big Four. On this morning's evidence from KPMG and Deloitte, these audits appear to be a colossal waste of time and money, fit only to provide false assurance to investors, workers and the public. [...] Carillion staff and investors could see the problems at the company but those responsible – auditors, regulators, and, ultimately, the directors – did nothing to stop Carillion being driven off a cliff.{{cite web|title=Carillion audits – colossal waste of time and money|url=http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/business-energy-industrial-strategy/news-parliament-2017/carillion-tpr-17-191/|website=Parliament.uk|access-date=22 February 2018}}

Carillion directors' testimony was further questioned when, on 21 February 2018, a whistle-blowing former Carillion executive told The Guardian the company had been in serious financial difficulty in mid-2016 but directors had been "placating the City."{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Rob|title=Carillion was in trouble by mid-2016, says whistleblower|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/feb/21/carillion-was-in-trouble-by-mid-2016-says-whistleblower|access-date=21 February 2018|work=Guardian|date=21 February 2018}} Zafar Khan's successor as finance director, Emma Mercer, was also reported to have voiced concerns about accounting irregularities in April 2017 and at a board meeting on 9 May 2017 which received legal advice from Slaughter and May.{{cite news|last1=Morby|first1=Aaron|title=Carillion last finance chief blew whistle on sloppy accounting|url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/02/27/carillion-last-finance-chief-blew-whistle-on-sloppy-accounting/|access-date=27 February 2018|work=Construction Enquirer|date=27 February 2018}}{{cite news|last1=Evans|first1=Joseph|title=Slaughters warned Carillion board about accounting disclosures last May, leaked minutes reveal|url=http://www.legalweek.com/sites/legalweek/2018/02/27/slaughters-warned-carillion-board-about-accounting-disclosures-last-may-leaked-minutes-reveal/|access-date=27 February 2018|work=Legal Week|date=27 February 2018}}

After further documentation and correspondence was published by the select committees, Carillion directors bosses were described by MPs as "fantasists" chasing "a pot of gold",{{cite news|last1=Goodley|first1=Simon|title=Carillion bosses were fantasists chasing pot of gold, MPs say|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/feb/28/carillion-bosses-fantasists-chasing-pot-gold-mps-say|access-date=28 February 2018|work=Guardian|date=28 February 2018}} with chairman Philip Green described by Rachel Reeves as having "either a woeful lack of leadership or no grip on reality."{{cite web|title=Carillion Chair "upbeat" days before massive profit warning|url=http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/work-and-pensions-committee/news-parliament-2017/carillion-announcement-17-19/|website=Parliament.uk: Select committees|access-date=1 March 2018}} The board rejected an October 2017 break-up plan from EY that proposed selling off profitable parts of Carillion and then entering liquidation, a strategy that could have raised £364M, with the pension schemes getting £218M; the board believed they could successfully restructure the group.{{cite news|last1=Morby|first1=Aaron|title=Carillion board rejected break-up plan in hope of battling on|url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/03/02/carillion-board-rejected-break-up-plan-in-hope-of-battling-on/|access-date=5 March 2018|work=Construction Enquirer|date=2 March 2018}} A 2017 report to Carillion's banks from FTI Consulting said the firm hid mounting problems with "aggressive accounting and working capital management."{{cite news|last1=Morby|first1=Aaron|title=Carillion used aggressive accounting to mask problems|url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/03/04/carillion-used-aggressive-accounting-to-mask-problems/|access-date=5 March 2018|work=Construction Enquirer|date=5 March 2018}}

Interviewed by the joint Business and Work and Pensions Committee on 7 March 2018, key Carillion investors Aberdeen Standard Investments, Kiltearn and Blackrock said the board focused more on their own pay than the company's performance, and questioned KPMG's auditing of the 2016 accounts.{{cite news|last1=Morby|first1=Aaron|title=Carillion bosses focused on their own pay rather than the company|url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/03/07/carillion-investors-question-kpmg-auditing/|access-date=8 March 2018|work=Construction Enquirer|date=7 March 2018}} The protection of directors' pay extended to the creation of a secret bank account for former CEO Richard Howson's share-related bonuses.{{cite news|last1=Price|first1=David|title=Carillion agreed secret bonus account for Richard Howson|url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/news/contractors-news/carillion-agreed-secret-bonus-account-for-richard-howson-26-03-2018/|access-date=26 March 2018|work=Construction News|date=26 March 2018}}

PricewaterhouseCoopers told the Work and Pensions Select Committee on 21 March 2018 that its services over the first eight weeks of the liquidation had cost £20.4M;{{cite news|last1=Partington|first1=Richard|title=PwC charges more than £20m for first eight weeks of Carillion collapse|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/21/pwc-charges-20m-eight-weeks-carillion-collapse-final-bill|access-date=21 March 2018|work=Guardian|date=22 March 2018}} this followed MPs' accusations that PwC had been attempting "to milk the Carillion cow dry".{{cite news|last1=Kollewe|first1=Julia|title=PwC faces MPs over accusations of 'milking the Carillion cow dry'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/21/pwc-faces-mps-over-accusations-of-milking-the-carillion-cow-dry|access-date=22 March 2018|work=Guardian|date=21 March 2018}} In February 2019, it was reported that PwC received £44.2M for one year's work on Carillion's insolvency; the firm had 38 people working on the insolvency, down from 155 in 2018.{{cite news |last1=Kinder |first1=Tabby |title=Accountants 'milking cash cow' in work on Carillion |url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/money/article/accountants-milking-cash-cow-in-work-on-carillion-kx872qzxf |access-date=7 February 2019 |work=Times |date=7 February 2019}} In November 2019, PwC said it had received nearly £53M in fees associated with the liquidation, and had 15 insolvency specialists working on the case.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Carillion liquidator to clawback £510m |url=https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2019/11/13/carillion-liquidator-to-clawback-510m/ |access-date=13 November 2019 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=13 November 2019}}

Two days before 16 May 2018 publication of the parliamentary inquiry report, Frank Field said Carillion had "displayed utter contempt for its suppliers", using them to "prop up a failing business model" and conceal true levels of debt.{{cite news|last1=Wood|first1=Zoe|title=Carillion displayed utter contempt for suppliers – Frank Field|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/may/14/carillion-displayed-utter-contempt-for-suppliers-frank-field|access-date=14 May 2018|work=Guardian|date=14 May 2018}} The report was also expected to recommend that the Insolvency Service should consider disqualifying some former Carillion directors from future boardroom positions,{{cite news|last1=Kleinman|first1=Mark|title=Ex-Carillion bosses should face board ban probe, MPs to say|url=https://news.sky.com/story/ex-carillion-bosses-should-face-board-ban-probe-mps-to-say-11371611|access-date=14 May 2018|work=Sky News|date=14 May 2018}} and that The Pension Regulator be scrapped and replaced by a new, more powerful body.{{cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Christopher|title=MPs call for pensions watchdog to be scrapped over Carillion failings|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/05/13/mps-call-pensions-watchdog-scrapped-carillion-failings/|access-date=15 May 2018|work=Telegraph|date=15 May 2018}}

==Parliamentary inquiry reports==

The collapse of Carillion and related implications were investigated by multiple Parliamentary select committees.

Described as "excoriating" and "damning",{{cite news|last1=Davies|first1=Rob|title='Recklessness, hubris and greed' – Carillion slammed by MPs|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/may/16/recklessness-hubris-and-greed-carillion-slammed-by-mps|access-date=16 May 2018|work=Guardian|date=16 May 2018}} the final report of the Parliamentary inquiry by the Business and the Work and Pensions Select Committees into the collapse of Carillion was published on 16 May 2018. Its opening paragraph summarised the committees' views:

Carillion’s rise and spectacular fall was a story of recklessness, hubris and greed. Its business model was a relentless dash for cash, driven by acquisitions, rising debt, expansion into new markets and exploitation of suppliers. It presented accounts that misrepresented the reality of the business, and increased its dividend every year, come what may. Long term obligations, such as adequately funding its pension schemes, were treated with contempt. Even as the company very publicly began to unravel, the board was concerned with increasing and protecting generous executive bonuses. Carillion was unsustainable. The mystery is not that it collapsed, but that it lasted so long.{{cite book|title=Carillion: Second Joint report from the Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and Work and Pensions Committees of Session 2017–19|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmworpen/769/769.pdf|date=2018|publisher=House of Commons|location=London|page=3|access-date=16 May 2018}}

The report said Carillion's collapse had significant consequences, citing: over 2,000 job losses; a pension liability of around £2.6 billion reducing payments to 27,000 pension scheme members; debts owed to 30,000 suppliers, sub-contractors and other creditors; and £150M in UK Government expenditure to keep essential public services running. Former directors Philip Green, Richard Adam and Richard Howson were singled out for particular criticism. The select committee chairs (Frank Field and Rachel Reeves) called for a complete overhaul of Britain's corporate governance regime, saying the government had "lacked the decisiveness or bravery" to do so, and accused the big four accounting firms of operating as a "cosy club", with KPMG singled out for its "complicity" in signing off Carillion's "increasingly fantastical figures" and internal auditor Deloitte accused of failing to identify, or ignoring, "terminal failings". The report recommended the Government refer the statutory audit market to the Competition and Markets Authority, urging consideration of breaking up the Big Four, while two regulators, the Financial Reporting Council and The Pensions Regulator, were branded as "chronically passive".

In light of the MPs' criticism, The Pensions Regulator's CEO Lesley Titcomb announced she would step down at the end of her four-year term in February 2019.{{cite news |last1=Curry |first1=Rhianon |title=The Pensions Regulator head to step down |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/05/31/pensions-regulator-head-step/ |access-date=4 June 2018 |work=Telegraph |date=31 May 2018}} On 25 June 2018, TPR announced it was considering issuing a contribution notice – a legally enforceable demand for a financial contribution to the pension deficit – against former Carillion directors.{{cite web |title=TPR could go after Carillion's former directors "for everything they've got" |url=https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/work-and-pensions-committee/news-parliament-2017/chairs-comment-tpr-investigation-carillion-17-19/ |website=www.parliament.uk |publisher=Work and Pensions select committee |access-date=26 June 2018}}{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Carillion bosses could be landed with pension bill |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/06/25/carillion-bosses-could-be-landed-with-pension-bill/ |access-date=26 June 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=25 June 2018}}

The select committee chairs wrote to former Carillion directors, to financial, auditing and pensions regulators, to industry bodies including the Insolvency Service and the CBI, and to Carillion's auditors seeking their responses to the report.{{cite news |last1=Kinder |first1=Tabby |title=Prove you will learn lessons of Carillion collapse, MPs tell City |url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/companies/article/prove-you-will-learn-lessons-of-collapse-mps-tell-city-zj0f6rhwq |access-date=1 June 2018 |work=Times |date=1 June 2018}} The responses were published on 12 July 2018.{{cite web |title=Carillion: Responses from Interested Parties to the Tenth Report of the Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee and Twelfth Report of the Work and Pensions Committee |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmworpen/1392/139203.htm |website=Parliament.uk |access-date=13 July 2018}}

The parliamentary inquiry was criticised for lacking objectivity and thoroughness, treating a highly complex situation in an incomplete manner. In published letters to the committees, ex-Carillion CEO Howson contended that Carillion was a victim of its public sector clients and that "any analysis as to the causes of the failure of Carillion is not complete without looking at the way in which government and the wider public sector procured services from Carillion and failed to administer payments."{{cite news|last1=Howson|first1=Richard|title=What the MPs Missed|url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/what-the-mps-missed-by-richard-howson|access-date=12 July 2018|work=The Construction Index|date=12 July 2018}}

The committees chairs were critical of Carillion's directors continued denials that they were to blame, and concerned at the lack of "meaningful competition" in the audit market; Rachel Reeves, chair of the Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee ("BEIS committee"), said: "The CMA needs to closely examine the audit market and as a Committee we will be keen to see what remedies are proposed to fix the broken audit market."{{cite news |title=Carillion next steps: Committees publish interested parties' responses |url=https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/work-and-pensions-committee/news-parliament-2017/carillion-report-responses-published-17-19/ |access-date=13 July 2018 |work=Parliament.UK: Work and Pensions Committee |date=12 July 2018}} In September 2018, Business Secretary Greg Clark announced he had asked the CMA to conduct an inquiry into competition in the audit sector,{{cite news |last1=Busby |first1=Mattha |title=Audit sector faces inquiry as minister points to deficiencies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/sep/29/uk-mulls-audit-sector-reform-after-minister-admits-deficiencies |access-date=29 September 2018 |work=Guardian |date=29 September 2018}} which was launched in October{{cite web |title=CMA launches immediate review of audit sector |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cma-launches-immediate-review-of-audit-sector |website=Gov.uk |access-date=9 October 2018}} and reported in December 2018. The CMA demanded "robust reform" and recommended: a split between audit and advisory businesses; more accountability for those appointing auditors, to strengthen their independence; and "joint audits" undertaken by a Big Four and a non-Big Four firm working together{{cite news |title=UK accountancy firms face major overhaul under new plans |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-46591575 |access-date=18 December 2018 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=18 December 2018}} (four years after Carillion's collapse, the government was set to publish such plans in January 2022).{{cite news |last1=Clarence-Smith |first1=Louisa |title=Kwarteng plans new year audit and boardroom reforms |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/challenger-auditors-get-ftse-boost-vj8sh0cfg |access-date=16 December 2021 |work=Times |date=10 December 2021}} Simultaneously, a review of the FRC, led by Sir John Kingman, recommended its replacement by a new Audit, Reporting and Governance Authority.{{cite news |title=Independent review of the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) launches report |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/independent-review-of-the-financial-reporting-council-frc-launches-report |access-date=18 December 2018 |work=Gov.uk |date=18 December 2018}} In March 2019, the BEIS committee reiterated its view that the Big Four accountants should be broken up.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Big four accountants should be broken up after Carillion collapse |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2019/04/02/big-four-accountants-should-be-broken-up-after-carillion-collapse/ |access-date=2 April 2019 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=2 April 2019}}

The Public Accounts Committee published a report on Government risk assessments relating to Carillion on 23 May 2018.{{cite news|title=Government risk assessments relating to Carillion|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmpubacc/1045/104502.htm|access-date=23 May 2018|work=Public Accounts Committee|publisher=Parliament.uk|date=23 May 2018}} It criticised the government for not identifying that Carillion was financially struggling long before its January 2018 collapse, saying its "traffic light" system of warnings (rating suppliers as green, amber, red, plus black for 'High Risk' status) was "too slow and clunky". Carillion had been downgraded to red following its July 2017 profit warning; when officials recommended a provisional black rating in November 2017, Carillion bosses persuaded them not to.{{cite news|last1=Prior|first1=Grant|title=Government slammed for not spotting Carillion was in trouble|url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/05/23/government-slammed-for-not-spotting-carillion-was-in-trouble/|access-date=23 May 2018|work=Construction Enquirer|date=23 May 2018}} Like the Business and the Work and Pensions Select Committees, the PAC called for a Cabinet Office review of the roles of crown representatives after they failed to spot Carillion's perilous state.{{cite news |last1=Smulian |first1=Mark |title=Cabinet Office urged to review crown representative role after Carillion failings |url=https://www.civilserviceworld.com/articles/news/cabinet-office-urged-review-crown-representative-role-after-carillion-failings |access-date=1 June 2018 |work=Civil Service World |date=31 May 2018}} In September 2018, after receiving a "complacent" Cabinet Office response to the Business and the Work and Pensions Select Committees recommendations regarding crown representatives, Frank Field said: "The picture the Cabinet Secretary paints of our Crown Representatives is more Johnny English than James Bond, instilling little confidence in their ability or capacity to defend the public interest in the multi-billion pound world of Government outsourcing."{{cite web |title=Crown Reps "more Johnny English than James Bond" |url=https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/work-and-pensions-committee/news-parliament-2017/carillion-government-response-17-19/ |website=Parliament.uk |publisher=Commons Select Committee |access-date=14 September 2018}}

The Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Select Committee said there were fundamental flaws in how the government awarded contracts because of "an aggressive approach to risk transfer." In a report published on 9 July 2018,{{cite web |title=After Carillion: Public sector outsourcing and contracting |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmpubadm/748/74801.htm |website=Parliament.UK - Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs}} the committee said ministers tried to spend as little money as possible; it often did not fully understand the risks it was transferring to private companies, and failed to appreciate differences in quality provided by rival bidders because procurement decisions were driven by price. As a result, it said public services had deteriorated.{{cite news |last1=Wearden |first1=Graeme |title=Carillion collapse exposed government outsourcing flaws – report |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jul/09/carillion-collapse-exposed-government-outsourcing-flaws-report |access-date=9 July 2018 |work=Guardian |date=9 July 2018}} Responding to the PCAC report, the UK government admitted "Carillion’s liquidation has exposed issues that have at times informed a breakdown of trust between government, suppliers and the public."{{cite news |title=Government Response to the Committee's Seventh Report: After Carillion: Public sector outsourcing and contracting |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmpubadm/1685/168502.htm |access-date=5 November 2018 |work=Public Administration Committee |date=5 November 2018}} The Cabinet Office, in its PCAC response, said it would require suppliers to reveal more information about their financial health; Whitehall would monitor up to five key performance indicators (KPIs) of major contracts with external suppliers.{{cite news |last1=Johnstone |first1=Richard |last2=Trendall |first2=Sam |title=Government database to track KPIs of top contracts in post-Carillion shake-up |url=https://www.publictechnology.net/articles/news/government-database-track-kpis-top-contracts-post-carillion-shake |access-date=7 November 2018 |work=Public Technology |date=7 November 2018}}

==National Audit Office investigations==

In June 2018, the National Audit Office published its investigation into the collapse of Carillion, criticising the government for not spotting financial problems at a key supplier sooner. The report also highlighted that accountants and lawyers managing the liquidation were set to earn £70M in fees, with special manager PwC set to receive £50M. It was forecast that the collapse would cost the UK taxpayer £148M,{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Carillion liquidators set to earn £70m in fees |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/06/07/carillion-liquidators-set-to-earn-70m-in-fees/ |access-date=8 June 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=7 June 2018}} though later estimates put the cost at over £150M,{{cite news |last1=Dyer |first1=Renae |title=Carillion collapse set to cost taxpayers £150mln, new document reveals |url=http://www.proactiveinvestors.co.uk/companies/news/205771 |access-date=26 September 2018 |work=ProActive Investors |date=26 September 2018}} potentially £180M.{{cite news |last1=McCance |first1=Danny |title=Carillion could cost taxpayers more than £180m |url=https://economia.icaew.com/news/september-2018/carillion-could-cost-taxpayers-more-than-180m |access-date=27 September 2018 |work=Economia |date=26 September 2018 |archive-date=26 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926181152/https://economia.icaew.com/news/september-2018/carillion-could-cost-taxpayers-more-than-180m |url-status=dead }}

The chairs of the Parliamentary select committees enquiry, Frank Field and Rachel Reeves responded to the NAO report. Field said Carillion had "hoodwinked" the government and viewed PwC's involvement in managing the liquidation as a potential conflict of interest. Reeves said: "The dice are loaded in the Big Four's favour. They make a killing in fees advising struggling companies how to turn them round and then they pocket millions tidying up when that advice fails."{{cite web |title=Carillion "hoodwinked the Government" with published accounts |url=https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/work-and-pensions-committee/news-parliament-2017/nao-carllion-report-chairs-comment-17-19/ |website=Parliament.uk |access-date=8 June 2018}} In August 2018, it was reported that PwC billed for £20.4M in fees during the first eight weeks of the insolvency, charging an average of £356 an hour,{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Carillion liquidators charging up to £1,156 an hour |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/08/17/carillion-liquidators-charging-up-to-1156-an-hour/ |access-date=17 August 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=17 August 2018}} with the Official Receiver, David Chapman, alone billing almost £300,000.{{cite news |last1=Marshall |first1=Jordan |title=Official Receiver fees hit close to £300,000 in first two months of Carillion's liquidation |url=https://www.building.co.uk/news/official-receiver-fees-hit-close-to-300000-in-first-two-months-of-carillions-liquidation/5095145.article |access-date=20 August 2018 |work=Building |date=17 August 2018}}

In August 2018, former Auditor-General Sir John Bourn told a Channel 4 Dispatches programme that Carillion was "like a Ponzi scheme" while Government scrutiny was "inadequate".{{cite news |last1=Halligan |first1=Liam |title=Carillion was 'akin to a Ponzi scheme', says top auditor |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/08/21/carillion-akin-ponzi-scheme-says-top-auditor/ |access-date=22 August 2018 |work=Telegraph |date=21 August 2018}}

In October 2018, the Guardian reported a National Audit Office finding that in 2015 civil servants working for Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt had lobbied the Cabinet Office to stop failing Carillion hospital projects, including the Midland Metropolitan and Royal Liverpool University hospitals, from being overseen by the Major Projects Authority, an independent watchdog.{{cite news |last1=Syal |first1=Rajeev |title=Civil servants acted to stop watchdog's checks on Carillion projects |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/oct/19/civil-servants-acted-to-stop-watchdogs-checks-on-carillion-projects |access-date=22 October 2018 |work=Guardian |date=19 October 2018}}

==Legal actions==

In November 2020, 143 former Carillion staff, supported by Unite, argued that they were not properly consulted on the redundancy process, but their plea for compensation was rejected at an Employment Appeal Tribunal. The tribunal's decision was upheld by an appeal judge in January 2022.{{cite news |last1=Stein |first1=Joshua |title=Carillion staff's second compensation bid fails |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/contractors/carillion/carillion-staffs-second-compensation-bid-fails-03-01-2023/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |work=Construction News |date=3 January 2023}}

In spring 2021, some individuals sought support to bring a class action against the former directors.{{cite web|url=https://www.carillionclassaction.com/|title=Carillion class action|access-date=25 March 2021}}

=Accounting investigations=

On 29 January 2018, it was reported that Carillion's auditor KPMG would have its role examined by the Financial Reporting Council (FRC).{{cite news|last1=Prior|first1=Grant|title=Carillion accountant KPMG faces probe by watchdog|url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/29/carillion-accountant-kpmg-faces-probe-by-watchdog/|access-date=29 January 2018|work=Construction Enquirer|date=29 January 2018}} In March 2018, the FRC's conduct committee announced an additional investigation into the conduct of former Carillion finance directors Richard Adam and Zafar Khan (both members of the ICAEW), focusing on the preparation and approval of Carillion's financial reports for 2014, 2015 and 2016, and the six months to 30 June 2017, as well as provision of other financial information from 2014 to 2017.{{cite news|last1=Boffey|first1=Daniel|last2=Davies|first2=Rob|title=Former Carillion finance directors expected to face investigation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/17/former-carillion-finance-directors-investigation-frc|access-date=19 March 2018|work=Guardian|date=17 March 2018}}{{cite news|last1=Morby|first1=Aaron|title=FRC launches probe into Carillion finance directors|url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/03/19/frc-launches-probe-in-carillion-finance-directors/|access-date=19 March 2018|work=Construction Enquirer|date=19 March 2018}} Initial interviews had been undertaken by May 2018, with more to follow; tens of thousands of documents were to be reviewed as part of the FRC's investigation looking at 'contract accounting', 'reverse factoring', 'pensions', and 'good and going concern'.{{cite news|last1=Hinks|first1=Gavin|title=Carillion investigation will look at 'tens of thousands' of documents|url=https://boardagenda.com/2018/05/15/carillion-investigation-tens-thousands-documents/|access-date=15 May 2018|work=Board Agenda|date=15 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516015419/https://boardagenda.com/2018/05/15/carillion-investigation-tens-thousands-documents/|archive-date=16 May 2018|url-status=dead}} The FRC investigation was later extended to review earlier Carillion reporting in 2013.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Watchdog widens probe into Carillion accounts |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2019/02/26/watchdog-widens-probe-into-carillion-accounts/ |access-date=26 February 2019 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=26 February 2019}} In November 2019, the FRC gave an update on the progress of four investigations (two concerning auditing, two relating to possible director misconduct). A decision on enforcement action on auditing matters would be made before the end of 2019, it said, while a decision on directors' conduct would be taken by March 2020. In January 2020, the FRC said the scale and complexity of the investigations meant publication of its first report would be delayed to summer 2020.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Audit watchdog needs more time to probe Carillion collapse |url=https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2020/01/13/audit-watchdog-needs-more-time-to-probe-carillion-collapse/ |access-date=13 January 2020 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=13 January 2020}} The FRC's first report, which found a number of breaches, was delivered to KPMG in September 2020; the FRC was awaiting a KPMG response before deciding whether to take enforcement action.{{cite news |last1=Nicolle |first1=Emily |title=UK watchdog to accuse KPMG of breaches in Carillion audit |url=https://www.cityam.com/uk-watchdog-to-accuse-kpmg-of-breaches-in-carillion-audit/ |access-date=21 September 2020 |work=City AM |date=21 September 2020}} In March 2021, KPMG was reported to be "inching towards a financial settlement with regulators" over its auditing of Carillion, with the FRC expected to impose a record fine, possibly around £25m, on KPMG for its failings.{{cite news |last1=Kleinman |first1=Mark |title=KPMG inches towards settlement with audit regulator over Carillion collapse |url=https://news.sky.com/story/kpmg-inches-towards-settlement-with-audit-regulator-over-carillion-collapse-12249933 |access-date=19 March 2021 |work=Sky News |date=18 March 2021}}

Business secretary Greg Clark told the work and pensions committee on 21 March 2018 that he planned an independent inquiry into the operations of the FRC following Carillion's collapse. In November 2018, it was announced that Stephen Haddrill, CEO of the FRC, was to quit, and suggestions that his departure might lead to the body's abolition.{{cite news |last1=Collinson |first1=Patrick |title=Head of UK accounting watchdog to quit amid criticism over Carillion |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/nov/02/head-of-accounting-watchdog-to-quit-amid-criticism-over-carillion-oversight |access-date=3 November 2018 |work=Guardian |date=2 November 2018}} In March 2019, the government announced that the FRC would be replaced by a new regulator, the Audit, Reporting and Governance Authority, with enhanced powers, in an effort to "change the culture" of the accounting sector.{{cite news |title=UK audit watchdog to be replaced by new governing body |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-47530302 |access-date=11 March 2019 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=11 March 2019}}

In June 2018, it was reported that KPMG and Carillion bosses had maintained a £329M valuation of goodwill relating to the former Eaga business (later Carillion Energy Services), despite huge losses. Ignoring the impairment meant they could continue to pay dividends and directors' bonuses, including £1.8m each paid to Richard Howson and Richard Adam.{{cite news |last1=Ford |first1=Jonathan |title=Carillion's troubles were shrouded in a fog of goodwill |url=https://www.ft.com/content/765fc482-68db-11e8-b6eb-4acfcfb08c11 |access-date=18 June 2018 |work=Financial Times |date=18 June 2018}}

In a June 2018 report on audit standards across eight accounting firms, the FRC identified "failure to challenge management and show appropriate scepticism across their audits." It highlighted a decline in the quality of work undertaken by the Big Four, with KPMG performing the worst. There had, the FRC said, been an "unacceptable deterioration" in the quality of KPMG's work, and the FRC would scrutinise KPMG more closely as a result.{{cite news |last1=Davies |first1=Rob |title=KPMG singled out in critical report on audit industry |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jun/18/kpmg-singled-out-in-critical-report-on-audit-industry |access-date=19 June 2018 |work=Guardian |date=18 June 2018}} Itself under pressure to improve, in October 2018, the FRC proposed reforms, including banning audit firms from earning consultancy fees at businesses they audit, to tackle the "underlying falling trust in business and the effectiveness of audit," and severely rebuked KPMG.{{cite news |last1=Collinson |first1=Patrick |title=Accounting watchdog could ban auditors from consultancy work |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/oct/08/accounting-auditors-consultancy-frc-kpmg |access-date=8 October 2018 |work=Guardian |date=8 October 2018}}

==Actions against KPMG==

In January 2019, KPMG announced it had suspended the partner that led Carillion's audit and three members of his team;{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=KPMG suspends Carillion's lead auditor |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2019/01/21/kpmg-suspends-carillions-lead-auditor/ |access-date=21 January 2019 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=21 January 2019}} in August 2021, an FRC disciplinary panel was scheduled for 10 January 2022 to hear a formal complaint against KPMG and former KPMG partner Peter Meehan regarding the provision of allegedly false and misleading information concerning the 2016 Carillion audit.{{cite news |title=Carillion auditor faces disciplinary tribunal |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/carillion-auditor-faces-disciplinary-tribunal |access-date=1 September 2021 |work=The Construction Index |date=1 September 2021}} At the disciplinary hearing in January 2022, KPMG's UK chief executive Jon Holt said the firm had discovered misconduct by it staff in its own internal investigations, and immediately reported it to the FRC.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=KPMG admits financial regulator misled in Carillion audits |url=https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2022/01/11/kpmg-admits-financial-regulator-misled-in-carillion-audits/ |access-date=11 January 2022 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=11 January 2022}} Following the FRC tribunal, KPMG was fined £14.4M (one of the biggest penalties in UK audit history) for misconduct relating to its audit of Carillion and another firm, and received a "severe reprimand" from the regulator.{{cite news |last1=Gayne |first1=Daniel |title=KPMG to pay £14.4m for misleading regulator on Carillion audit |url=https://www.building.co.uk/news/kpmg-to-pay-144m-for-misleading-regulator-on-carillion-audit/5117522.article |access-date=20 May 2022 |work=Building |date=16 May 2022}} KPMG were also ordered to pay £3.95M in costs.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=KPMG fined £14.4m for Carillion audits |url=https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2022/07/25/kpmg-fined-14-4m-for-carillion-audits/ |access-date=26 July 2022 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=25 July 2022}} The tribunal heard allegations that KPMG staff created false meeting minutes and retroactively edited spreadsheets before sharing them. A further tribunal will consider penalties for individual KPMG staff, including partner Peter Meehan; the FRC recommended that he be banned for 15 years and fined at least £400,000. In July 2022, it was announced that he had been fined £250,000 and banned for ten years; three other former KPMG executives also received fines and lengthy bans.{{cite news |title=Carillion auditor KPMG receives record fine |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/carillion-auditor-kpmg-receives-record-fine |access-date=26 July 2022 |work=The Construction Index |date=26 July 2022}} A junior member of KPMG staff, Pratik Paw – who, aged 25, had been the most junior member of the Carillion audit team – faced a "life changing" fine of £50,000 and a four-year ban, prompting critics to suggest that accounting firms should enable junior colleagues to challenge their superiors, so that low ranking workers are not blamed for accounting scandals.{{cite news |last1=Goss |first1=Louis |title=KPMG should take blame for Carillion scandal, not junior accountant Pratik Paw, critics say |url=https://www.cityam.com/kpmg-should-take-blame-for-carillion-scandal-not-junior-accountant-pratik-paw-critics-say/ |access-date=20 May 2022 |work=City AM |date=20 May 2022}}{{cite news |last1=Rutter Pooley |first1=Cat |title=KPMG's Carillion case should worry juniors across the City |url=https://www.ft.com/content/8bd9587b-e5df-4b68-a108-8bafeddc9669 |access-date=20 May 2022 |work=Financial Times |date=18 May 2022}} Ultimately, Paw was not fined or suspended but was severely reprimanded.

Also in January 2019, the FRC opened a second investigation into how KPMG audited Carillion's accounts;{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Huw |title=KPMG subject of second UK investigation over Carillion audit |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-carillion-accounts-regulator/kpmg-subject-of-second-uk-investigation-over-carillion-audit-idUKKCN1PG0L4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122075645/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-carillion-accounts-regulator/kpmg-subject-of-second-uk-investigation-over-carillion-audit-idUKKCN1PG0L4 |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 January 2019 |access-date=22 January 2019 |work=Reuters |date=22 January 2019}} the FRC's initial investigation report was delivered to KPMG in February 2021. In May 2020, it was reported that the Official Receiver was preparing to sue KPMG for £250M over alleged negligence in its audits of Carillion.{{cite news |last1=Kinder |first1=Tabby |title=KPMG faces £250m negligence lawsuit over Carillion |url=https://www.ft.com/content/3b10ca83-7818-46d5-b492-8c86857ebd33 |access-date=13 May 2020 |work=Financial Times |date=12 May 2020}}{{cite magazine |last1=Horgan |first1=Rob |title=Carillion auditor KPMG faces £250M negligence lawsuit |url=https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/carillion-auditor-kpmg-faces-250m-negligence-lawsuit-15-05-2020/ |access-date=30 December 2020 |magazine=New Civil Engineer |date=15 May 2020}} In May 2021, the liquidator secured funding for this legal action,{{cite news |last1=Price |first1=David |title=Carillion's liquidator gets funding for £250m legal claim |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/contractors/carillion/carillions-liquidator-gets-funding-for-250m-legal-claim-21-05-2021/ |access-date=21 May 2021 |work=Construction News |date=21 May 2021}}{{cite news |last1=Davies |first1=Rob |title=Carillion collapse: liquidator expected to make £250m claim against KPMG |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/jun/23/carillion-collapse-liquidator-expected-to-make-250m-claim-against-kpmg |access-date=23 June 2021 |work=Guardian |date=23 June 2021}} with speculation about the likely damages claim rising to as much as £2 billion.{{cite news |last1=Booth |first1=James |title=KPMG could face £2bn legal claim over Carillion collapse |url=https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/kpmg-could-face-2bn-legal-claim-over-carillion-collapse-20210901 |access-date=1 September 2021 |work=Financial News |date=1 September 2021}} The Official Receiver's formal claim against KPMG was lodged on 19 November 2021, potentially one of the biggest claims ever made against a UK accountancy firm.{{cite news |title=Official Receiver advances £1bn claim against auditor of collapsed construction firm Carillion |url=https://news.sky.com/story/official-receiver-advances-1bn-claim-against-auditor-of-collapsed-construction-firm-carillion-12473907 |access-date=22 November 2021 |work=Sky News |date=19 November 2021}} In February 2022, Sky News reported the Official Receiver's claim would be in the range of £1bn-£1.5bn, with one source suggesting around £1.2bn.{{cite news |last1=Kleinman |first1=Mark |title=Carillion liquidator's claim against KPMG to seek over £1bn in damages |url=https://news.sky.com/story/carillion-liquidators-claim-against-kpmg-to-seek-over-1bn-in-damages-12531256 |access-date=3 February 2022 |work=Sky News |date=2 February 2022}} The OR's negligence claim focuses on the value of major contracts which were not properly accounted for in audits in 2014, 2015 and 2016, resulting in misstatements in excess of £800M within Carillion's financial reports. KPMG was said to have accepted management 'misstatements' for inflated revenue and understated cost positions at 20 projects including the Royal Liverpool Hospital, redevelopment of Bristol's Southmead Hospital, the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route, and works at Gatwick and Stansted airports.{{cite news |last1=Price |first1=David |title=Five jobs that killed Carillion: the £1.3bn lawsuit in detail |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/contractors/carillion/five-jobs-that-killed-carillion-the-1-3bn-lawsuit-in-detail-07-02-2022/ |access-date=23 January 2023 |work=Construction News |date=7 February 2022}}{{cite news |last1=Lorimer |first1=Kerry |title=Carillion collapse: catastrophe echoes five years on |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/contractors/carillion/carillion-collapse-catastrophe-echoes-five-years-on-18-01-2023/ |access-date=18 January 2023 |work=Construction News |date=18 January 2023}} The OR had received legal advice that KPMG was answerable to Carillion's creditors for a portion of their losses. KPMG said: "We believe this claim is without merit and we will robustly defend the case. Responsibility for the failure of Carillion lies solely with the company's board and management, who set the strategy and ran the business."{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=KPMG being sued for £1.3bn over Carillion audit |url=https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2022/02/03/kpmg-being-sued-for-1-3bn-over-carillion-audit/ |access-date=4 February 2022 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=4 February 2022}}{{cite news |last1=Jolly |first1=Jasper |title=KPMG being sued for £1.3bn over Carillion audit |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/feb/03/kpmg-being-sued-for-13bn-over-carillion-audit-uk-official-receiver |access-date=4 February 2022 |work=Guardian |date=3 February 2022}} In November 2022, the OR said: KPMG had "failed to respond" to Carillion allegations that it had failed to properly audit the accounting of 20 significant construction contracts. KPMG reiterated that Carillion's failure was solely the fault of the company's board and management.{{cite news |last1=Gerrard |first1=Neil |title=Carillion: Auditor 'failed to respond' to accusations of failings |url=https://constructionmanagement.co.uk/carillion-auditor-failed-to-respond-to-accusations-of-failings/ |access-date=29 November 2022 |work=Construction Management |date=28 November 2022}} In February 2023, The Guardian reported that KPMG had settled the £1.3 billion lawsuit brought by Carillion's liquidators;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/feb/17/kpmg-pays-13bn-to-settle-negligent-auditing-claim-by-carillion-creditors | title=KPMG settles £1.3bn lawsuit from Carillion creditors over alleged negligence |first=Kalyeena|last=Makortoff|magazine=The Guardian|date=17 February 2023|access-date=17 February 2023}} details of the settlement were not made public.{{cite news |title=KPMG settles Carillion lawsuit for undisclosed sum |url=https://constructionmanagement.co.uk/kpmg-settles-carillion-lawsuit-for-undisclosed-sum/ |access-date=21 February 2023 |work=Construction Manager |date=20 February 2023}}

In October 2023, the FRC fined KPMG £21 million for its mishandling of Carillion's accounts,{{cite news |date=12 October 2023 |title=Carillion auditor fined a record £21m |work=The Construction Index |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/carillion-auditor-fined-a-record-21m |access-date=12 October 2023}} saying it had failed to follow "the most basic and fundamental audit concepts" and an "unusually large number of breaches" had been found. For three years before the collapse Carillion was not subject to reliable audits. KPMG will also pay legal costs of about £5.3 million. The previous year a £14.4 million penalty was imposed on KPMG for providing misleading information to the regulator.{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/oct/12/kpmg-fined-record-21m-over-carillion-audit-failures |title=KPMG boss says Carillion auditing was 'very bad' as firm is fined record £21m |last1=Kollewe |first1=Julia |last2=Makortoff |first2=Kalyeena |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 October 2023 |access-date=12 October 2023}}

==Actions against former Carillion directors==

In addition to its initial investigation into the timeliness and content of Carillion's financial announcements, the Financial Conduct Authority said its investigation would extend to allegations of insider trading in Carillion shares prior to its trading update on 10 July 2017.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Watchdog probes Carillion insider trading allegations |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/06/28/watchdog-probes-carillion-insider-trading-allegations/ |access-date=28 June 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=28 June 2018}} In November 2020, the FCA said some Carillion directors had "acted recklessly" and released "misleadingly positive" market updates before it collapsed, singling out updates issued on 7 December 2016, 1 March 2017 and 3 May 2017. As a result, the FCA said it had sent notices to some former Carillion directors warning of possible enforcement action (possible sanctions include public censure, fines and suspensions from holding certain positions).{{cite news |last1=Price |first1=David |title=Carillion directors 'recklessly' misled the market, says watchdog |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/contractors/carillion/carillion-directors-recklessly-misled-the-market-says-watchdog-13-11-2020/ |access-date=13 November 2020 |work=Construction News |date=13 November 2020}} In January 2021, the Insolvency Service said it would seek to ban eight former Carillion directors from holding senior boardroom positions,{{cite news |last1=Partington |first1=Richard |title=Legal bid launched to ban ex-Carillion directors from top boardroom roles |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/jan/13/legal-bid-launched-ban-ex-carillion-directors-top-boardroom-roles |access-date=13 January 2021 |work=Guardian |date=13 January 2021}} namely: Philip Green, Richard Howson, Keith Cochrane, Richard Adam and Zafar Khan, and non-executive directors Andrew Dougal, Alison Horner and Ceri Powell.{{cite news |title=Carillion directors face boardroom bans |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/carillion-directors-face-boardroom-bans |access-date=14 January 2021 |work=The Construction Index |date=14 January 2021}} The directors are contesting the action. In July 2022, the FCA announced it had decided to fine Howson £397,800, Adam £318,000 and Khan £154,400; it said the trio had made "misleadingly positive statements" and had "acted recklessly". The three former directors were appealing to the Upper Tribunal (Tax and Chancery Chamber) against the penalties.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Three former Carillion bosses fined £870k by watchdog |url=https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2022/07/28/three-former-carillion-bosses-fined-870k-by-fca/ |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=28 July 2022}}{{cite news |last1=Stein |first1=Joshua |title=Former Carillion bosses face £870,000 fines |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/contractors/carillion/former-carillion-bosses-facing-870000-fines-over-misleadingly-positive-accounts-28-07-2022/ |access-date=29 July 2022 |work=Construction News |date=28 July 2022}}

In July 2023, the Insolvency Service announced that Khan and Adam had been disqualified from acting as company directors for 11 years{{cite web |last1=Davies |first1=Rob |title=Ex-Carillion finance chief given 11-year company director ban|date=3 July 2023 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/jul/03/ex-carillion-finance-chief-given-11-year-company-director-ban |website=theguardian.com |publisher=Guardian |access-date=3 July 2023}} and 12.5 years respectively.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Former Carillion finance boss banned for 12.5 years |url=https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2023/07/14/former-carillion-finance-boss-banned-for-12-5-years/ |access-date=17 July 2023 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=14 July 2023}} In October 2023, Howson was disqualified from being a director of a company for eight years.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Former Carillion CEO banned for eight years |url=https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2023/10/04/former-carillion-ceo-banned-for-eight-years/ |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=4 October 2023}} The Insolvency Service was also pursuing cases against other former Carillion directors,{{cite news |last1=Cristina |first1=Lago |title=Ex-Carillion CEO disqualified as director |url=https://constructionmanagement.co.uk/ex-carillion-ceo-disqualified-as-director |access-date=5 October 2023 |work=Construction Manager |date=5 October 2023}} but a trial due to start on 16 October 2023 was cancelled after the Insolvency Service decided it was not in the public interest to pursue ex-chair Green, interim CEO Cochrane and non-executive directors Dougal, Horner and Powell.{{cite news |last1=Weinfass |first1=Iain |title=Insolvency Service drops case against former Carillion chair and CEO |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/sections/contractors/carillion/insolvency-service-drops-case-against-former-carillion-chair-and-ceo-13-10-2023/ |access-date=17 October 2023 |work=Construction News |date=13 October 2023}} The Insolvency Service spent £11M pursuing director disqualifications against the eight former Carillion directors.{{cite news |last1=Banks |first1=Charlotte |title=Government spent £11m on Carillion proceedings |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/government/government-spent-11m-on-carillion-proceedings-27-10-2023/ |access-date=27 October 2023 |work=Construction News |date=27 October 2023}}

=Call for criminal investigation=

In September 2018, the Unite union called for a criminal investigation into the behaviours of Carillion's management{{cite news |title=Labour union calls for criminal investigation into Carillion collapse |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-carillion-collapse-unite/labour-union-calls-for-criminal-investigation-into-carillion-collapse-idUKKCN1LQ171 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910133414/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-carillion-collapse-unite/labour-union-calls-for-criminal-investigation-into-carillion-collapse-idUKKCN1LQ171 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 September 2018 |access-date=10 September 2018 |work=Reuters |date=10 September 2018}} – a call repeated in January 2019, the first anniversary of the company's collapse,{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Calls grow for Carillion action one year after collapse |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2019/01/14/calls-grow-for-carillion-action-one-year-after-collapse/ |access-date=14 January 2019 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=14 January 2019}} and on 2 September 2019, 600 days after Carillion's collapse.{{cite news |last1=Prior |first1=Grant |title=Government has "washed its hands" of Carillion collapse |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2019/09/02/government-has-washed-its-hands-of-carillion-collapse/ |access-date=2 September 2019 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=2 September 2019}}

=Wider impacts on UK industry=

Mark Farmer, the author of an October 2016 report calling for industry modernisation,{{cite web|title=Construction labour market in the UK: Farmer review|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/construction-labour-market-in-the-uk-farmer-review|website=Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government and Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy|access-date=21 January 2018}} repeated accusations that Carillion and many of its rivals had failed to modernise, innovate or cut down on wasteful inefficiencies in their business models and worksite practices. He also warned that Carillion's collapse could be the first of several if the industry did not overhaul itself.{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/carillion-may-trigger-uk-construction-crisis-mark-farmer-2018-1|title=Carillion's collapse 'may be the first in a series of crises for construction's big players'|website=Business Insider }} This followed a Financial Times report{{cite news|last1=Pickard|first1=Jim|last2=Smith|first2=Robert|last3=Plimmer|first3=Gill|title=Interserve under government watch over financial health fears|url=https://www.ft.com/content/1aa17614-fab7-11e7-a492-2c9be7f3120a|access-date=17 January 2018|work=Financial Times|date=17 January 2018}} that the Cabinet Office had established a team to monitor Interserve, another financially troubled firm{{cite news|last1=Monaghan|first1=Angela|title=Interserve is not the next Carillion, says UK government|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jan/17/interserve-is-not-the-next-carillion-says-uk-government|access-date=21 January 2018|work=Guardian|date=17 January 2018}} (though a market analyst said: "in the case of Interserve the arithmetic doesn't look anything like as bad as Carillion"){{cite news|last1=Ponthus|first1=Julien|last2=Rees|first2=Kit|title=FTSE edges down, Interserve wobbles in post-Carillion scare|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-stocks/ftse-edges-down-interserve-wobbles-in-post-carillion-scare-idUKKBN1F610H?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118011253/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-stocks/ftse-edges-down-interserve-wobbles-in-post-carillion-scare-idUKKBN1F610H?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2018|access-date=17 January 2018|work=Reuters|date=17 January 2018}}{{efn|Interserve fell into administration 14 months later in March 2019.}} and delayed publication of the March 2017 annual accounts of Laing O'Rourke.{{cite news|last1=Gill|first1=Oliver|title=As Laing O'Rourke is late filing its figures, is it another major contractor we should be concerned about?|url=http://www.cityam.com/279060/laing-orourke-late-filing-its-figures-another-major-company|access-date=22 January 2018|work=City AM|date=19 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072158/http://www.cityam.com/279060/laing-orourke-late-filing-its-figures-another-major-company|archive-date=23 January 2018|url-status=dead}} Other outsourcing businesses also came under scrutiny: Capita announced a profit warning on 31 January 2018;{{cite news|title=Capita is the latest outsourcing firm in trouble|url=https://www.economist.com/news/britain/21736165-new-boss-tries-stave-carillion-20-capita-latest-outsourcing-firm-trouble|access-date=8 May 2018|work=Economist|date=3 February 2018}} Serco and Mitie were called to give evidence to Parliament's Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Select Committee on 8 May 2018;{{cite web|title=Sourcing public services: lessons learned from the collapse of Carillion inquiry|url=https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/public-administration-and-constitutional-affairs-committee/inquiries/parliament-2017/lessons-learned-collapse-carillion-17-19/|website=Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee|access-date=8 May 2018}} while Kier's financial position was likened to Carillion's in September 2018.{{cite news |last1=Vincent |first1=Matthew |title=Opening Quote: Kier determined not to be the next Carillion |url=https://www.ft.com/content/41fcac80-bca2-11e8-94b2-17176fbf93f5 |access-date=20 September 2018 |work=Financial Times |date=20 September 2018}}{{efn|Following a failed rights issue in late 2018, Kier was forced into a prolonged restructuring, cost-cutting and disposals programme lasting into 2020.}} On 9 May 2018, Cabinet Office minister David Lidington told the Committee that the government might consider "reputable providers outside of the United Kingdom" to reduce dependency on current suppliers of key public services; revealing that in some key markets, the top five suppliers had nearly 60% of the market, he said: "that does cause some concern, I would like that market to be bigger."{{cite news|last1=Rutter|first1=Tamsin|title=Carillion inquiry: Cabinet Office to consider overseas bidders to avoid supplier monopolies|url=https://www.civilserviceworld.com/articles/news/carillion-inquiry-cabinet-office-consider-overseas-bidders-avoid-supplier-monopolies|access-date=9 May 2018|work=Civil Service World|date=9 May 2018}} In June 2018, Lidington said the UK government planned procurement reforms, including an extension of the Social Value Act, to give more weight to social value when awarding public contracts and less weight on price.{{cite news |title=Carillion failure prompts Cabinet Office procurement reform |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/carillion-failure-prompts-cabinet-office-procurement-reform |access-date=26 June 2018 |work=The Construction Index |date=25 June 2018}} In November 2018, Lidington said the government had lacked key organisational information that could have smoothed management of Carillion's liquidation, and as a contingency plan, had asked government outsourcers (including Interserve, Engie, Capita and Serco) to set out 'living wills' that confirm how services could be managed in the event of a corporate failure.{{cite news |last1=Johnstone |first1=Richard |title=Cabinet Office lacked 'key information' after Carillion collapse, says Lidington |url=https://www.civilserviceworld.com/articles/news/cabinet-office-lacked-%E2%80%98key-information%E2%80%99-after-carillion-collapse-says-lidington |access-date=19 November 2018 |work=Civil Service World |date=19 November 2018}}{{cite news |last1=Ing |first1=Will |title=Whitehall asks Interserve to draw up 'living will' in case it goes bust |url=https://www.building.co.uk/news/whitehall-asks-interserve-to-draw-up-living-will-in-case-it-goes-bust/5096686.article |access-date=26 November 2018 |work=Building |date=21 November 2018}}

In the wake of Carillion's liquidation, UK contractors trade association Build UK set out an agenda to reform the construction industry's commercial model, potentially eliminating unfair contract terms, late payment and retentions.{{cite news|title=Contractors pledge radical reform|url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/contractors-pledge-radical-reform|access-date=9 March 2018|work=The Construction Index|date=7 March 2018}}{{efn|Carillion did not themselves impose retentions on subcontractors, except where their clients used them.SEC Group, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130120202432/http://www.secgroup.org.uk/pdfs/focus/SECFocus1106.pdf Retentions: A List of those not using them], published in November 2006, archived on 20 January 2013, accessed on 1 July 2024}} MP Peter Aldous proposed new legislation to reform payment practices and abuse, gaining support from over 60 construction and maintenance trade bodies;{{cite news|last1=Mead|first1=Sarah|title=More than 60 trade bodies unite behind 'Aldous' Bill in Carillion aftermath|url=http://www.connectingindustry.com/ElectricalEngineering/more-than-60-trade-bodies-unite-behind-aldous-bill-in-carillion-aftermath.aspx|access-date=13 March 2018|work=Electrical Engineering|date=13 March 2018|archive-date=14 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314104425/http://www.connectingindustry.com/ElectricalEngineering/more-than-60-trade-bodies-unite-behind-aldous-bill-in-carillion-aftermath.aspx|url-status=dead}} on 23 April 2018, ahead of its second reading (twice postponed, then scheduled for 26 October 2018),{{cite news|last1=Morby|first1=Aaron|title=Retentions Bill second reading pushed back to June|url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/04/26/retentions-bill-second-reading-pushed-back-to-june/|access-date=27 April 2018|work=Construction Enquirer|date=26 April 2018}}{{cite news |title=Retentions reform falters again |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/retentions-reform-falters-again |access-date=15 June 2018 |work=The Construction Index |date=15 June 2018}} the Aldous Bill to amend the 1996 Construction Act had gathered the support of over 120 MPs and 76 trade bodies representing over 355,000 companies and many self-employed professionals.{{cite news|last1=Morby|first1=Aaron|title=Specialist trade bodies petition No 10 for payment reform|url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/04/24/specialist-trade-bodies-petition-no-10-for-payment-reform/|access-date=24 April 2018|work=Construction Enquirer|date=23 April 2018}} The UK government also began consultations on proposals excluding suppliers from major government procurement processes if they cannot demonstrate good payment practices,{{cite news|last1=Gill|first1=Oliver|title=Late-payers to be banned from government contracts following Carillion collapse|url=http://www.cityam.com/283642/late-payers-banned-government-contracts-following-carillion|access-date=10 April 2018|work=City AM|date=10 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410201832/http://www.cityam.com/283642/late-payers-banned-government-contracts-following-carillion|archive-date=10 April 2018|url-status=dead}} to reassert the Prompt Payment Code, and to fast-track payment of undisputed invoices submitted by small- and medium-sized businesses within five days.{{cite news |last1=Morby |first1=Aaron |title=Government pledges 5-day payment for small firms |url=https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/10/04/government-pledges-5-day-payment-for-small-firms/ |access-date=5 October 2018 |work=Construction Enquirer |date=4 October 2018}}

A private members' bill was introduced by Labour MP Andy Slaughter (backed by the Campaign for Freedom of Information) to make contractors carrying out public works (such as Carillion, G4S and Serco) subject to freedom of information requests.{{cite news |last1=Bowcott |first1=Owen |last2=Cobain |first2=Ian |title=MP seeks stronger FoI powers after Grenfell fire and Carillion collapse |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jun/13/mp-seeks-stronger-foi-powers-after-grenfell-fire-and-carillion-collapse |access-date=13 June 2018 |work=Guardian |date=13 June 2018}} This change, as well as extension of the Social Value Act, were among proposals made by the Trades Union Congress in an April 2018 report on lessons to be learned from Carillion's collapse.{{cite web |title=What lessons can we learn from Carillion – and what changes do we need to make? (12 April 2018) |url=https://www.tuc.org.uk/research-analysis/reports/what-lessons-can-we-learn-carillion-%E2%80%93-and-what-changes-do-we-need-make |website=Trade Union Congress |publisher=TUC |access-date=8 August 2018}}

A NEDonBoard event called for tougher requirements on non-executive directors and board members following the collapse of Carillion.{{efn| NEDonBoard is a professional body for non-executive directors and board members.[https://www.nedonboard.com/about/ About NEDonBoard], accessed 14 July 2022}}{{cite news |title=Key learnings from Carillion's collapse |url=http://in-houseblog.practicallaw.com/key-learnings-from-carillions-collapse/ |access-date=12 January 2019 |work=Practical Law: In-house blog |publisher=Thomson Reuters |date=11 January 2019}}

The Financial Reporting Council proposed reforms to the treatment of listed company directors' share-based bonuses, requiring them to be held for at least five years,{{cite news |last1=Vincent |first1=Matthew |title=Opening Quote: New boardroom rules shut door on Carillion cowboys |url=https://www.ft.com/content/4f1e27de-88c4-11e8-bf9e-8771d5404543 |access-date=16 July 2018 |work=Financial Times |date=16 July 2018}} and proposed tougher analysis by auditors regarding whether a company remains a 'going concern'.{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Huw |title=Tougher 'going concern' scrutiny required of British auditors |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-accounts/tougher-going-concern-scrutiny-required-of-british-auditors-idUKKCN1QL104 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304150748/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-accounts/tougher-going-concern-scrutiny-required-of-british-auditors-idUKKCN1QL104 |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2019 |access-date=8 March 2019 |work=Reuters |date=4 March 2019}}

A year after Carillion's collapse, Work and Pensions Secretary Amber Rudd said company bosses should face imprisonment if they "wilfully or recklessly" mismanaged employee pension funds.{{cite news |title=Pensions: Tougher jail terms for mismanaging funds |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-47188445 |access-date=11 February 2019 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=10 February 2019}}

==End of PFI==

After the UK government had been forced to take over two Private Finance Initiative hospital building contracts (Midland Metropolitan University Hospital and the Royal Liverpool University Hospital) following Carillion's collapse, the Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Hammond announced in his October 2018 Budget statement that no further PFI projects would be instigated.{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Oliver |title=Budget 2018: Carillion fiasco puts final nail in PFI coffin |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/9fb866e8-dbc9-11e8-92cf-04dd0c427a69 |access-date=30 October 2018 |work=Times |date=30 October 2018}}

Operations

File:Park by Ring Road St Andrew's, Wolverhampton - geograph.org.uk - 3757585.jpg

File:Former Staffordshire Building Society Offices.jpg office and, from March 2015, the head office of Carillion]]

Carillion provided facilities management services (including cleaning, school meals, hospital maintenance, and defence accommodation – it maintained around 50,000 service family homes in 360 defence establishments),{{cite web|url=https://www.carillionplc.com/solutions/sectors/defence/|title=Defence|website=Carillion PLC|access-date=16 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116000852/https://www.carillionplc.com/solutions/sectors/defence/|archive-date=16 January 2018|url-status=dead}} provided architectural and engineering design and project management services (through TPS Consult), and undertook a range of construction projects in sectors including: aviation; central government; commercial, retail, residential and leisure; corporate; defence; education; financial services; healthcare, local government; oil and gas; and transport.{{cite web|url=https://www.carillionplc.com/solutions/#sectors|title=Solutions {{!}} Sectors & Services|website=Carillion PLC|access-date=15 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115184904/https://www.carillionplc.com/solutions/#sectors|archive-date=15 January 2018|url-status=dead}}

Most of its business was in the United Kingdom, but it also operated in several other regions including Canada, the Middle East and the Caribbean.{{cite web |url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/construction-news/carillion-strategy-protects-it-from-cuts |title=Carillion strategy protects it from cuts |publisher=Contract News |date=8 December 2010|access-date=26 February 2011}} From January 2018, the UK Government was required to provide funding for Carillion's public sector work, which continued despite the company's entry into compulsory liquidation.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-42687032|title=Carillion collapse raises job fears|year=2018|work=BBC News|access-date=15 January 2018}}

Carillion comprised 326 subsidiary companies, joint ventures (a mix of majority and minority shareholdings) and holding companies, 199 in the United Kingdom, plus others in Canada and other countries. Sarah Albon, chief executive of the Insolvency Service told MPs on 30 January 2018 that Carillion had 169 directors in total but poor Carillion record keeping had made determining that number difficult.

In March 2015 Carillion moved its head office from Birch Street in Wolverhampton to the former Staffordshire Building Society offices in Wolverhampton.{{cite news|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/2015/03/04/construction-giant-carillion-moves-600-workers-into-its-new-wolverhampton-head-office/|title=Construction giant Carillion moves 600 workers into new Wolverhampton head office|date=4 March 2015|newspaper=Express and Star|access-date=25 January 2019}}

=Board of directors=

As of 16 January 2018, Carillion plc's board comprised (in order of appointment to board):{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-officers/CLLN.L|title=${Instrument_CompanyName} ${Instrument_Ric} People - Reuters.com|first=Reuters|last=Editorial|website=U.S.|access-date=16 January 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/03782379/officers|title=CARILLION PLC – Officers (free information from Companies House)|website=Beta.companieshouse.gov.uk|access-date=16 January 2018}}

Previous directors included (in order of resignation from board):

  • Richard Adam (finance director, appointed April 2007, resigned 31 December 2016)*
  • Ceri Powell (non-executive director, appointed April 2014, resigned 31 March 2017)
  • Richard Howson (CEO, appointed December 2009, resigned 10 July 2017)*†
  • Zafar Khan (finance director, 1 January – 10 September 2017)*
  • Emma Mercer (succeeded Khan as finance director in September 2017, but was not a plc board director)*†

(*The directors marked with an asterisk gave evidence to the House of Commons Business and Work and Pensions select committees on 6 February 2018.{{cite web|title=Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee and Work and Pensions Committee Tuesday 6 February 2018|url=http://www.parliamentlive.tv/Event/Index/08295010-99f1-4e9e-a6c2-0e11f7b09a92|website=Parliament TV|access-date=8 February 2018}}

† The directors marked with a cross gave evidence to the Public Accounts Committee on 27 February 2018.){{cite web|title=Public Accounts Committee|url=https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/public-accounts-committee/|website=Parliament.uk|access-date=26 February 2018}}

=Problem contracts and prosecutions=

In November 2013, Carillion was fined £180,000 plus £28,551 in costs for breaches of health and safety regulations which led to a motorcyclist being completely paralysed in an accident on the A12 in England. The Health and Safety Executive said that Carillion had failed to put up signs to warn motorists of a road closure in good time.{{cite news|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-suffolk-24863448|title=Suffolk road crash: Wolverhampton firm fined £180,000|date=8 November 2013|access-date=9 November 2013}}

Its subsidiary Clinicenta had a contract to run a treatment centre at Lister Hospital in Stevenage which was terminated in 2013, after the Care Quality Commission found the unit was not meeting minimum standards.{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-23546240 |title=Lister Surgicentre: Facility bought by NHS for £53m |work=BBC News |date=2013-08-02 |access-date=2020-08-25}}

In January 2016, Carillion was fined $900,000 for failing to clear Canada's Queen Elizabeth Way of snow on two occasions following winter storms in November 2015.{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/news/company-fined-900k-for-not-properly-cleaning-qew-in-2014-1.3258973|title=Company fined $900k for not properly cleaning QEW in 2014|website=Cbc.ca|access-date=17 January 2018}} In October 2016, Carillion's Canadian operation was convicted and fined $80,000 plus a $20,000 victim surcharge by the Government of Ontario for improperly disposing of waste material in an unapproved area.{{cite web|url=https://news.ontario.ca/ene/en/2016/01/road-maintenance-company-fined-80000-for-waste-disposal-violations.html|title=Road Maintenance Company fined $80,000 for Waste Disposal Violations|website=News.ontario.ca|access-date=17 January 2018}}

In November 2016, it was reported that Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust planned to end its estates and facilities services contract, awarded in April 2014 to the company, after nurses had been forced to clean the wards because of a shortage of seventy cleaning staff.{{cite news|title=Trust seeks to terminate major £200m contract|url=https://www.hsj.co.uk/newsletter/hsj-local/providers/nottingham-university-hospitals-nhs-trust/breaking-trust-seeks-to-terminate-major-200m-contract/7013653.article|access-date=28 November 2016|work=Health Service Journal|date=28 November 2016}}

In March 2022, faulty construction by Carillion of Network Rail drainage measures adjacent to a Scottish railway line in 2011-12 was blamed as a significant factor in the Stonehaven derailment, an accident on 12 August 2020 which killed three people.{{cite news |title=Carillion blamed for fatal train crash |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/carillion-blamed-for-fatal-derailment |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=The Construction Index |date=10 March 2022}}

Major projects

File:GCHQ-aerial.jpg (2003) built by Carillion]]

File:Angel Gardens site.jpg, Manchester. On-site but incomplete at the time of liquidation.]]

Major projects involving Carillion have included:

{{div-col}}

  • New facilities for the Royal Opera House (completed in 2000){{cite web|url=http://www.carillionplc.com/sectors/sectors_leisure_opera.asp |title=Royal Opera House |publisher=Carillion |access-date=13 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104225125/http://carillionplc.com/sectors/sectors_leisure_opera.asp |archive-date=4 January 2010 }}
  • The Tate Modern (completed in 2000){{cite web |url=http://www.carillionplc.com/sectors/sectors_leisure_tate.asp |title=Tate Modern |publisher=Carillion |access-date=13 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928130817/http://www.carillionplc.com/sectors/sectors_leisure_tate.asp |archive-date=28 September 2011 }}
  • Darent Valley Hospital in Kent (completed in 2000){{cite web|url=http://www.nao.org.uk//idoc.ashx?docId=2da73de0-da6f-484d-aa74-82c15d195827&version=-1|title=Darent Valley Hospital: The PFI contract in action|publisher=National Audit Office|year=2005|access-date=5 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804020756/http://www.nao.org.uk/idoc.ashx?docId=2da73de0-da6f-484d-aa74-82c15d195827&version=-1|archive-date=4 August 2012|url-status=dead}}
  • Star City in Birmingham (completed in 2000){{cite web|url=http://www.i-fm.net/members/news/july00/10_03.html|title=Bright start for Star City|publisher=I-FM|date=10 July 2000|access-date=13 July 2008|archive-date=13 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413050302/http://www.i-fm.net/members/news/july00/10_03.html|url-status=dead}}
  • The Grand Mosque in Oman (completed in 2001){{cite web|url=http://www.alawient.com/text/group/carillion.htm |title=Carillion |publisher=Alawi Enterprises L.L.C. |access-date=13 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216085146/http://www.alawient.com/text/group/carillion.htm |archive-date=16 February 2008 |url-status=dead }}
  • Harplands Hospital in Stoke-on-Trent (completed in 2001){{cite web|url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/news/stoke-on-trent-news/should-carillion-collapse-prompt-rethink-1068767|title=Should Carillion collapse prompt a rethink of private finance in the public sector?|publisher=Stoke Sentinel|date=15 January 2018|access-date=1 April 2018}}
  • The Copenhagen Metro (completed in 2002){{cite web |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-58673331.html |title=Copenhagen's First Metro Line Takes Shape |publisher=International Railway Journal |date=1 September 1999 |access-date=13 July 2008}}
  • The Great Western Hospital in Swindon (completed in 2002){{cite web | title=Great Western Hospital, Swindon to axe up to 200 jobs | work=Labour Net | url=http://www.labournet.net/ukunion/0605/swindon1.html | access-date=26 October 2006}}
  • The de Havilland campus for the University of Hertfordshire (completed in 2003){{cite web|url=http://www.publicfinance.co.uk/news/2003/09/hertfordshire-university-opens-%C2%A3120m-pfi-campus|title=Hertfordshire university opens £120m PFI campus|publisher=Public Finance|date=25 September 2003|access-date=3 March 2018}}
  • The M6 Toll (completed in 2003){{cite web|url=http://www.iht.org/motorway/m6toll.htm |title=M6 Toll (formerly Birmingham Northern Relief Road) |publisher=The Motorway Archive |access-date=13 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090623074741/http://www.iht.org/motorway/m6toll.htm |archive-date=23 June 2009 }}
  • Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) (completed in 2003){{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/931773.stm |title=Carillion set for growth |work=BBC News|date=19 September 2000 |access-date=13 July 2008}}
  • Nottingham Express Transit Phase 1 (completed in 2004){{cite web|url=http://www.thetrams.co.uk/net/whoswho.php|title=Nottingham Express Transit: who's who|publisher=The Trams|access-date=3 March 2018}}
  • Marina Towers, Dubai (completed in 2004){{cite web|url=http://www.designbuild-network.com/projects/dubai-marina/ |title=The Dubai Marina in Dubai Designed by Architects HOK Canada Inc |publisher=Design Build Network |access-date=15 October 2010}}
  • The Sheppey Crossing (completed in 2006){{cite web |url=http://www.gnn.gov.uk/content/detail.asp?NewsAreaID=2&ReleaseID=211645 |title=New high level bridge boosts jobs and regeneration in North Kent |publisher=Highways Agency (London) |date=3 July 2006 |access-date=13 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070609190645/http://www.gnn.gov.uk/content/detail.asp?NewsAreaID=2&ReleaseID=211645 |archive-date=9 June 2007 }}
  • New facilities for the John Radcliffe Hospital (completed in 2006){{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordradcliffe.nhs.uk/news/newsrecords/On%20the%20Roof%20for%20the%20Oxford%20Childrens%20Hospital%20Lord%20Drayson%20tops%20out%20the%20Oxford%20Childrens%20Hospit.aspx |title=On the Roof for the Oxford Children's Hospital: Lord Drayson 'tops out' the Oxford Children's Hospital. |publisher=Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust |access-date=13 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218081523/http://www.oxfordradcliffe.nhs.uk/news/newsrecords/On%20the%20Roof%20for%20the%20Oxford%20Childrens%20Hospital%20Lord%20Drayson%20tops%20out%20the%20Oxford%20Childrens%20Hospit.aspx |archive-date=18 February 2008 }}
  • Beetham Tower Manchester (completed in 2006){{cite web |url=http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=132 |title=Beetham Tower Manchester |publisher=Skyscraper News |access-date=13 July 2008 |archive-date=22 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222065331/http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=132 |url-status=dead }}
  • Royal Ottawa Hospital (completed in 2006){{cite web|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20070625006282/en/CIT-Arranges-Senior-Debt-Facility-Royal-Ottawa|title=Transaction Marks Second Health Care Public-Private Partnership in Ontario, Canada|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Businesswire|access-date=20 January 2018}}
  • High Speed 1 (completed in 2007){{cite web|url=http://www.webtrains.co.uk/news.php?id=1000000246 |title=Alstom participates in the European rail network |publisher=Web Trains |date=13 November 2007 |access-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709184942/http://www.webtrains.co.uk/news.php?id=1000000246 |archive-date=9 July 2013 }}
  • The Riverside Building at the University Hospital Lewisham (completed in 2007){{cite web|url=http://home.nestor.minsk.by/build/news/2006/12/1307.html|title=Carillion completes £60m Lewisham Hospital extension|date=1 December 2006|publisher=Nestor|access-date=3 March 2018}}
  • Brampton Civic Hospital in Canada (completed in 2007){{cite web|url=http://www.heartlakebeat.com/brampton_news/39-New-hospital-one-step-closer-to-opening.html |title=New hospital one step closer to opening |work=Brampton Guardian |date=3 July 2007 |access-date=5 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411020934/http://www.heartlakebeat.com/brampton_news/39-New-hospital-one-step-closer-to-opening.html |archive-date=11 April 2012 }}
  • The Great Northern Tower in Manchester (completed in 2007){{cite web|url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/archive/carillion-is-favourite-to-slip-into-the-slot-27-03-2003/|title=Carillion is favourite to slip into the Slot|date=27 March 2003|publisher=Construction News|access-date=31 March 2018}}
  • Dubai Festival City Shopping Centre and InterContinental Hotel facility (completed in 2008){{cite web|url=http://www.building.co.uk/eight-new-projects-take-shape-at-dubai-festival-city/3124345.article|title=Eight new projects take shape at Dubai Festival City|publisher=Building|date=7 October 2008|access-date=14 June 2015}}
  • Aylesbury Vale Parkway (completed in 2008){{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-170002685.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924144345/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-170002685.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|title=Full steam ahead for Aylesbury Vale Parkway|access-date=24 March 2012|date=23 August 2007|work=Bucks Herald}}
  • New facilities at the Queen Alexandra Hospital in Portsmouth (completed in 2009){{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4028/is_200309/ai_n9269291/|title=Carillion appointed on Portsmouth PPP|access-date=24 June 2009|date=September 2003|publisher=HD}}
  • The Yas Hotel Abu Dhabi in Abu Dhabi (completed in 2009){{cite web|url=https://www.building.co.uk/buildings/the-right-formula-abu-dhabis-yas-hotel/3151959.article|title=The right formula: Abu Dhabi's Yas Hotel|access-date=23 January 2018|date=30 October 2009|publisher=Building|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120104016/http://www.building.co.uk/buildings/the-right-formula-abu-dhabis-yas-hotel/3151959.article|archive-date=20 November 2010|url-status=live}}
  • New York University Abu Dhabi (completed in 2010){{cite web|url=http://www.meed.com/sectors/construction/real-estate/al-futtaim-carillion-wins-new-york-university-contract-in-abu-dhabi/3005984.article#|title=Al-Futtaim Carillion wins New York University contract in Abu Dhabi|date=28 April 2010|publisher=MEED|access-date=22 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529093953/http://www.meed.com/sectors/construction/real-estate/al-futtaim-carillion-wins-new-york-university-contract-in-abu-dhabi/3005984.article|archive-date=29 May 2016|url-status=dead}}
  • Sault Area Hospital (completed in 2010){{cite web|url=http://www.carillion.ca|title=Carillion Canada – Carillion Canada|website=Carillion.ca|access-date=22 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021051454/http://carillion.ca/|archive-date=21 October 2018|url-status=dead}}
  • Redevelopment of Northwood Headquarters (completed in 2010){{cite web |url=http://www.building.co.uk/news/carillion-awarded-military-assignment/3071439.article |title=Carillion awarded military assignment |author=Stocks, Caroline |date=31 July 2006 |publisher=Building |access-date=11 April 2011}}
  • The Royal Opera House Muscat (completed in 2011){{cite web|url=http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-16165-carillion-alawi-wins-big-at-cw-awards--oman/|title=Carillion Alawi wins big at CW Awards – Oman|date=28 March 2012|work=Construction Week|access-date=23 August 2013}}
  • The Rolls Building in London (completed in 2011){{cite web|url=http://www.justice.gov.uk/news/press-releases/moj/newsrelease071211a.htm|title=A royal opening for the Rolls Building|publisher=Ministry of Justice|access-date=29 August 2016}}
  • London Heathrow Terminal 5C (completed in 2011){{cite web|url=http://www.builderandengineer.co.uk/news/carillion-land-heathrow-terminal-5-contract|title=Carillion land Heathrow Terminal 5 contract|publisher=Builder & Engineer|date=11 September 2007|access-date=23 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311103642/http://www.builderandengineer.co.uk/news/carillion-land-heathrow-terminal-5-contract|archive-date=11 March 2016|url-status=dead}}
  • The London Olympics Media Centre (completed in 2011){{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11675168|title=Women make their mark on the 2012 Olympic site|publisher=BBC|date=7 November 2010|access-date=15 April 2012}}
  • The Ontario Centre of Forensic Sciences in Toronto (completed in 2012){{cite web|url=http://www.infrastructureontario.ca/Winning-Bidder-Named-FSCC/|title=Contract Awarded for Forensic Services and Coroner's Complex|date=22 June 2010|publisher=Infrastructure Ontario|access-date=31 March 2018}}
  • Al Bahr Towers in Abu Dhabi (completed in 2012){{cite web|url=http://skyscrapercenter.com/abu-dhabi/al-bahar-tower-2/9130/|title=Al Bahr Towers|publisher=Skyscraper City|access-date=21 December 2013}}
  • The Majlis Oman (completed in 2013){{cite web|url=http://www.building.co.uk/news/carillion-to-build-%C2%A3275m-parliament-complex-in-oman/3145496.article|title=Carillion to build £275m parliament complex in Oman|work=Building |date=23 July 2009|access-date=23 August 2012}}
  • The Library of Birmingham (completed in 2013){{cite web|url=http://www.building.co.uk/news/carillion-starts-work-on-birminghams-%C2%A3193m-library/3155996.article|title=Carillion starts work on Birmingham's £193m library|work=Building |date=8 January 2010|access-date=23 August 2013}}
  • Cairo Festival City, Cairo (completed in 2013){{cite web|url=https://www.khl.com/news/al-futtaim-carillion-oci-jv-to-construct-retail-centre-in-cairo-festival-city/36728.article|title=Al-Futtaim Carillion OCI JV to construct retail centre in Cairo Festival City|date=11 May 2009|publisher=International Construction|access-date=20 January 2018}}
  • New facilities for Southmead Hospital in Bristol (completed in 2014){{cite web|url=http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/Bristol-superhospital-cost-430-million/story-11294909-detail/story.html|title=Bristol superhospital to cost £430 million|work=Bristol Post|date=3 March 2009|access-date=14 June 2015}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  • Union Station reconstruction, Toronto (completed in 2014){{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/massive-renovation-of-torontos-union-station-over-budget-behind-schedule/article18840369/|title=Over budget and behind schedule, Toronto Union Station project may miss Pan Am games deadline|author=Robyn Doolittle|work=The Globe and Mail|location=Toronto|date=26 May 2014|access-date=1 September 2015}}
  • Redevelopment of the military garrisons of Aldershot and Salisbury Plain (completed in 2014){{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2936190/Carillion-recruited-for-12bn-MoD-deal.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707064456/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2936190/Carillion-recruited-for-12bn-MoD-deal.html|archive-date=7 July 2016|title=Carillion recruited for £12bn MoD deal|date=7 April 2006|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=4 March 2018}}
  • Oakville-Trafalgar Memorial Hospital in Oakville, Canada (completed in 2015){{cite web|url=http://prod5.dailycommercialnews.com/article/id46075|title=EllisDon, Carillion to build $2 billion Oakville, Ontario hospital|date=4 August 2011|access-date=6 October 2017|archive-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070123/http://prod5.dailycommercialnews.com/article/id46075|url-status=dead}}
  • Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital in Dubai (completed in 2016){{cite web|url=http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-14378-al-futtaim-carillion-to-build-al-jalila-phase-2/|title=Al Futtaim Carillion to build Al Jalila Phase 2|work=Construction Week|date=19 October 2011|access-date=6 October 2017}}
  • The Oman Convention and Exhibition Centre Phase 1 (completed in 2016){{cite web|url=https://www.khl.com/news/carillion-wins-oman-convention-centre-contract/86084.article|title=Carillion wins Oman Convention Centre contract|date=17 June 2013|publisher=International Construction|access-date=30 March 2018}}
  • Liverpool FC's Anfield stadium expansion (completed in 2016){{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/epic/clln/10940441/Liverpool-FC-chooses-Carillion-for-75m-Anfield-makeover.html|title=Liverpool FC chooses Carillion for £75m Anfield makeover|work=The Telegraph|date=2 July 2014|access-date=2 July 2014}}
  • One Chamberlain Square, Birmingham city centre (completed in 2017){{cite web|url=https://www.carillionplc.com/news-and-media/carillion-marks-topping-out-at-paradise/|title=Carillion marks 'topping out' at Paradise|website=Carillion PLC|access-date=16 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115200215/https://www.carillionplc.com/news-and-media/carillion-marks-topping-out-at-paradise/|archive-date=15 January 2018|url-status=dead}}
  • New offices for HM Passport Office, Durham (completed in 2017){{cite web|url=https://www.carillionplc.com/news-and-media/carillion-rescue-and-restore-royal-emblem-for-hm-passport-office/|title=Carillion rescues and restores Royal Emblem for HM Passport Office|website=Carillion PLC|access-date=16 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115200136/https://www.carillionplc.com/news-and-media/carillion-rescue-and-restore-royal-emblem-for-hm-passport-office/|archive-date=15 January 2018|url-status=dead}}
  • Redevelopment of Battersea Power Station Phase 1 (completed in 2017){{cite web|url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/buildings/sectors/battersea-power-station-chief-why-we-chose-carillion-22-05-2013/|title=Carillion chosen for Battersea Power Station £400m phase one for construction expertise|publisher=Construction News|date=22 May 2013|access-date=9 November 2013}}
  • Msheireb Downtown Doha Phase 1B in Qatar (completed in 2017){{cite news|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/400259|title=Msheireb awards 2.37 billion Qatari riyal building deal|date=7 December 2011|newspaper=Arab News|access-date=6 October 2017}}
  • Former Sunderland brewery site redevelopment (due to complete in 2018;{{cite web|url=https://www.carillionplc.com/news-and-media/transformation-of-former-sunderland-brewery-site-takes-shape/|title=Transformation of former Sunderland brewery site takes shape|website=Carillion PLC|access-date=16 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115202402/https://www.carillionplc.com/news-and-media/transformation-of-former-sunderland-brewery-site-takes-shape/|archive-date=15 January 2018|url-status=dead}} in July 2018, the contract was taken over by Tolent Construction and then, in 2023, by Wates Group)
  • Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route (originally due to complete spring 2018, actual completion February 2019){{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-27793606|title=Aberdeen bypass: Preferred bidder named as Connect Roads|work=BBC News|date=11 June 2014}}{{cite news |title=Final section of Aberdeen bypass opens |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-47277891 |access-date=19 February 2019 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=19 February 2019}}
  • New facilities for Royal Liverpool University Hospital (originally due to complete in 2018,{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-24128952|title=New £429m Royal Liverpool University Hospital given the green light – BBC News|work=BBC News|date=17 September 2013|access-date=19 September 2016}} actual completion October 2022){{Cite web |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/royal-liverpool-hospitals-ae-department-25293403 |title=Royal Liverpool Hospital's A&E department to move to new site |first=Liam |last=Thorp |date=18 October 2022 |website=Liverpool Echo |access-date=1 April 2024}}
  • Midland Metropolitan University Hospital (originally due to complete in 2019,{{cite news|title=Carillion choice for Smethwick hospital|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/business-picks/2015/08/12/carillion-choice-for-smethwick-hospital/|access-date=23 January 2018|work=Express & Star|date=12 August 2015}} actual completion October 2024){{cite news|last1=Morby|first1=Aaron|title=Midlands hospital opening pushed back two years|url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/05/02/midland-hospital-opening-pushed-back-two-years/|access-date=2 May 2018|work=Construction Enquirer|date=2 May 2018}}{{cite news |title=Patients transferred as super hospital opens doors |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cwylg21epw4o |access-date=12 October 2024 |work=BBC News |date=6 October 2024}}
  • High Speed 2 lots C2 and C3, working as part of a joint venture (main construction work was due to start in 2018/9),{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/jul/17/hs2-high-speed-rail-contracts-worth-66bn-awarded-uk-chris-grayling|title=HS2 contracts worth £6.6bn awarded by UK government|website=The Guardian|date=17 July 2017|access-date=13 October 2017}} replaced in joint venture following liquidation by BAM Nuttall and Ferrovial{{cite web |last=Morby |first=Aaron |url=https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2020/03/12/nuttall-and-ferrovial-replace-carillion-on-hs2-work/ |title=Nuttall and Ferrovial to replace Carillion on HS2 work |website=Construction Enquirer |date=12 March 2020 |access-date=1 April 2024}}
  • Angel Gardens, Manchester (originally due to complete in 2019;{{cite web |title=Construction stops on scores of Carillion projects |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2018/01/15/construction-stops-on-scores-of-carillion-projects/ |work=Construction Enquirer |date=18 January 2018}} following Carillion's liquidation in January 2018, the contract was transferred to Caddick Construction.{{cite news|title=Caddick replaces Carillion on Angel Gardens|url=http://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/caddick-replaces-carillion-on-angel-gardens|access-date=29 January 2018|work=The Construction Index|date=29 January 2018}} Actual completion November 2020){{cite web |url=https://www.construction.co.uk/construction-news/273736/caddick-construction-completes-work-on-154m-scheme-in-manchester |title=Caddick Construction Completes Work On £154m Scheme In Manchester |website=construction.co.uk |date=12 November 2020 |access-date=1 April 2024}}

{{div-col-end}}

Awards

In 2008, the company secured first place in the category for large and medium-sized companies with high environmental impact in The Sunday Times Best Green Companies Awards{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/ireland-world/article/awards-give-winners-a-lift-for-going-green-qns2qfngsvm|title=Awards give winners a lift for going green|newspaper=The Times|date=18 May 2008|access-date=4 March 2018}} and, in 2017, the company received the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the Sustainable Development category.{{cite news|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/business/2017/08/25/carillion-receives-queens-award/|title=Carillion receives Queen's Award|date=26 August 2017|newspaper=Express and Star|access-date=8 February 2018}}

See also

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{Reflist}}