Carl Schmidt (chemist)
{{Short description|Baltic German chemist (1822–1984)}}
{{About|the chemist|people with the same or similar names|Carl Schmidt (disambiguation){{!}}Carl Schmidt}}
{{more footnotes|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Carl Schmidt
| image = Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt.jpg
| caption = Carl Schmidt
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1822|6|13}}
| birth_place = Mitau, Courland Governorate, Russian Empire
(now Latvia)
| residence =
| nationality = Baltic German
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1894|2|27|1822|6|13}}
| death_place = Dorpat, Livonia Governorate, Russian Empire
(now Estonia)
| field = Chemistry
| work_institution = Imperial University of Dorpat
| alma_mater = Ludwig University of Giessen
Georg August University of Göttingen
| doctoral_advisor = Justus von Liebig (Chemistry)
Friedrich Wöhler (Medicine)
| doctoral_students = Wilhelm Ostwald
Gustav Tammann
| known_for =
| prizes =
| religion =
| footnotes =
}}
Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt, also Karl Genrikhovich Schmidt ({{langx|ru|Карл Ге́нрихович Шмидт}}; {{OldStyleDate|13 June|1822|1 June}} – {{OldStyleDate|11 March|1894|27 February}}) was a Baltic German chemist from the Livonia Governorate, Russian Empire.
Biography
Schmidt received his PhD in 1844 from the University of Giessen under Justus von Liebig. In 1845, he first announced the presence in the test of some Ascidians of what he called "tunicine", a substance very similar to cellulose. Tunicine now is regarded as cellulose and correspondingly a remarkable substance to find in an animal.{{sfnp|Harmer|Shipley|1904}}{{sfnp|Hall|Saxl|1961|pp=155, 202-217}}
In 1850, Schmidt had been named Professor of Pharmacy at Dorpat and in 1851 he was appointed Professor of Chemistry in the mathematical and physical division on the University of Dorpat. He was a corresponding member (1873) of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences (today Russian Academy of Sciences). He was the president of the Estonian Naturalists' Society in 1894. Schmidt is notable as the PhD advisor of the Nobel Prize winner Wilhelm Ostwald.
Scientific work
Schmidt determined the typical crystallization patterns of many important biochemicals such as uric acid, oxalic acid and its salts, lactic acid, cholesterin, stearin, etc. He analysed muscle fibre and chitin. He showed that animal and plant cell constituents are chemically similar and studied reactions of calcium albuminates. He studied alcoholic fermentation and the chemistry of metabolism and digestion. He discovered hydrochloric acid in gastric juice and its chemical interaction with pepsin. He studied bile and pancreatic juices. Some of this work was done with Friedrich Bidder. He studied chemical changes in blood associated with cholera, dysentery, diabetes, and arsenic poisoning.
References
{{Reflist|15em}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin|2}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Bing |first1=Franklin C. |title=Friedrich Bidder (1810–1894) and Carl Schmidt (1822–1894)–A Biographical Sketch |journal=The Journal of Nutrition |date=1 May 1973 |volume=103 |issue=5 |pages=637–648 |doi=10.1093/jn/103.5.637 |pmid=4575658 |url=http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/reprint/103/5/637.pdf}}
- {{cite book |editor1-last=Gillispie |editor1-first=Charles Coulston |editor1-link=Charles Coulston Gillispie |title=Dictionary of Scientific Biography |volume=2 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |year=1970 |page=124}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Hall |first1=D.A. |last2=Saxl |first2=Hedwig |title=Studies of Human and Tunicate Cellulose and of their Relation to Reticulin |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B |year=1961 |volume=155 |issue=959 |pages=155, 202–217 |doi=10.1098/rspb.1961.0066|bibcode=1961RSPSB.155..202H |s2cid=85821623 }}
- {{cite book |last1=Harmer |first1=Sidney Frederic |last2=Shipley |first2=Arthur Everett |contribution=Hemichordata, Ascidians and Amphioxus, Fishes |title=The Cambridge Natural History |volume=7 |publisher=Macmillan Company |year=1904}}
- {{cite book |last1=Partington |first1=J.R. |title=A History of Chemistry |volume=4 |publisher=Macmillan |year=1964 |pages=306, 595}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Ross |first1=R. Stefan | journal = Endeavour | volume = 29 | issue = 1 | year = 2005 | pages = 33–37 | title = Carl Schmidt – a chemical tourist in Victorian Britain | doi = 10.1016/j.endeavour.2005.01.006 | pmid = 15749151}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Zaleski |first1=St. Szcz | title = Carl Schmidt | journal = Chem. Ber. | volume = 27 | issue = 4 | year = 1894 | pages = 963–978 | doi = 10.1002/cber.18940270494 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1425782}}
- {{cite web |title=Information about Carl Schmidt |url=http://www.ras.ru/win/db/show_per.asp?P=.id-52798.ln-en |website=www.ras.ru |publisher=Russian Academy of Sciences |year=2002 |ref={{harvid|RAS|2002}}}}
{{refend}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schmidt, Carl}}
Category:People from Courland Governorate
Category:Baltic-German people from the Russian Empire
Category:Chemists from the Russian Empire
Category:University of Giessen alumni
Category:Academic staff of the University of Tartu
Category:Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Category:Burials at Raadi cemetery
Category:Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities