Carl Vincenti

File:C.P.Goerz.jpg

Vincenti grew up in Miesbach, a small town in the former Kingdom of Bavaria. Information about his youth, his journey to German East Africa and his training as a photographer is not documented. By 1894, Vincenti was active in Dar es Salaam as photographer and publisher at his "Photographic Institute and Trading Company of Photographic Articles."Deutsches Kolonialblatt: Amtsblatt des Reichskolonialamt 5 (1894), [Official records of Reich Colonial Office] p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=LRBxoO504SMC&pg=RA4-PA585 585]{{cite web |title=Carl Vincenti (1871–1940) |url=https://nat.museum-digital.de/?t=people_to_people&id=44284 |access-date=2024-11-29 |publisher=museum-digital deutschland |language=de}} After 1903, the German photographer Walther Dobbertin worked at Vincenti's photo studio in Dar es Salaam for some time. After accusing Dobbertin of stealing or misappropriating photographic material, Vincenti took him to court and Dobbertin started his own studio and publishing business.{{Cite book |last=Kurmann |first=Eliane |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gltpEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA47 |title=Fotogeschichten und Geschichtsbilder: Aneignung und Umdeutung historischer Fotografien in Tansania |date=2023-01-20 |publisher=Campus Verlag |isbn=978-3-593-45187-9 |language=de}}

Vincenti also produced picture postcards through his "Kunstverlag C. Vincenti, Dar es Salaam" (lit. art publisher), stressing the artistic character of his images.{{Cite web |last=Vincenti |first=Carl |title=Ansichtspostkarte. Kolonialpost, Deutsch-Ostarika, Neujahrskarte Glückliches Neujahr mit dem Porträt eines Neger-Mädchens, gelaufen |url=https://onlinesammlung.museumsstiftung.de/detail/collection/3ab38a42-a841-4ec8-ab2d-838356084911 |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=onlinesammlung.museumsstiftung.de |language=de}} As a commercial publisher, he sold both individual prints as well as picture postcards, some of which were stamped with his company mark and the year of the photograph.{{cite web|access-date=2025-01-07 |language=hu |title="C. Vincenti, Dar-es-Salaam. Ost-Afrika" |url=https://etnofoto.neprajz.hu/index.php/2024/01/19/c-vincenti-dar-es-salaam-ost-afrika/}}

Due to his experience as a resident photographer, Vincenti was able to provide advice to photographers who were temporarily staying in the colony. For instance, the paleontologists Werner Janensch and Edwin Hennig, who documented their excavations of dinosaur fossils in Tendaguru not only in writing, but also with photographs, corresponded with Vincenti about technical problems in 1909 and 1910.{{citation |author=Vennen |first=Mareike |title=Dinosaurierfragmente: Zur Geschichte der Tendaguru-Expedition und ihrer Objekte, 1906-2018 |date=2018 |work= |pages=57 |editor-last=Heumann |editor-first=Ina |editor-last2=Stoecker |editor-first2=Holger |editor-last3=Tamborini |editor-first3=Marco |editor-last4=Vennen |editor-first4=Mareike |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q3h8DwAAQBAJ&q=Vincenti |access-date=2024-12-01 |chapter=Arbeitsbilder – Bilderarbeit. Die Herstellung und Zirkulation von Fotografien der Tendaguru-Expedition [Working pictures - picture work. The production and circulation of photographs from the Tendaguru expedition] |publisher=Wallstein Verlag |language=de |isbn=978-3-8353-4305-4}} Further, the colonial officer Oskar Bongart reported in his notes on photographic documentation in the tropics that he only managed to achieve successful photographs using a Goerz-Anschütz folding camera lent to him by Vincenti.{{cite web |author=Oskar Bongard |date=1909 |title=Staatssekretär Dernburg in Britisch- und Deutsch-Süd-Afrika |url=https://brema.suub.uni-bremen.de/dsdk/content/pageview/1855405 |access-date=2024-12-14 |pages=10 |language=de}} In addition, Vincenti's photographs were published in scientific publications. The botanist Walter Busse, for example, described plants and agriculture in German East Africa, using Vincenti's images.{{citation |author=Busse |first=Walter |title=Deutsch-Ostafrika 2. Ostafrikanische Nutzpflanzen. |date=1908 |pages=plates 37 and 42 |location=Jena |publisher=Gustav Fischer Verlag |language=de}}

Apart from his activities as a businessman, Vincenti also was a member of the Government Council. In 1896, the German authorities housed Khalid ibn Barghash, the exiled Sultan of Zanzibar, in Vincenti's home, where he subsequently lived.{{Cite book |last=Schanz |first=Moritz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vzYbAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA32 |title=Streifzüge durch Ost- und Süd-Afrika: Bilder aus Britisch-, Deutsch- und Portugiesisch-Ostafrika, Zanzibar, den Komoren, Madagaskar, Réunion, Mauritius, Natal, Transvaal, Oranjefreistaat, Rhodesia und Kapkolonie |date=1900 |publisher=Deutscher kolonial-verlag (G. Meinecke) |page=32 |language=de}} During World War I, Vincenti was a member of the city committee in Dar es Salaam. In this capacity, he continued to correspond with the Reich Colonial Office in Berlin and the British District Political Officer about the repatriation of German citizens after the German defeat and the end of the German colony.{{cite web |title=Deutsches Stadt-Komitee in Daressalam: Schriftwechsel des Komitee-Mitgliedes C. Vincenti - |url=https://archivfuehrer-kolonialzeit.de/index.php/deutsches-stadt-komitee-in-daressalam-schriftwechsel-des-komitee-mitgliedes-c-vincenti |access-date=2024-11-30 |publisher=Bundesarchiv |language=de}}

File:Vincenti - Governors home Dar Es Salaam.jpg

Vincenti's historical photographs, found in European and American collections, provide insights into the history, population, culture, and natural environment of the German colony. His images capture scenes of daily life, such as markets, villages, and traditional ceremonies, members of the German colonial society, and Africans from various ethnic groups. Additionally, there are photographs of colonial buildings, landscapes, animals, and the natural scenery from 1894 to around 1907. His photographs were taken both in his studio as well as outdoors and were partially also published in works about German East Africa until 1919.{{cite web |title=Recherche {{!}} Carl Vincenti |url=https://recherche.smb.museum/?language=de&question=Carl+Vincenti&limit=15&sort=relevance&controls=none |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=recherche.smb.museum |publisher=Staatliche Museen zu Berlin |language=de}}

The proceedings of the 1905 German Colonial Congress in Berlin commented on Vincenti's photographs as follows: "These very beautiful pictures of stately format depict views of vegetation, scenic landscapes and types of people from our East African colony."{{citation|access-date=2024-11-28 |author=E. Vohsen, Paul Staudinger |date=1906 |pages=XXXVI |publisher=D. Reimer (E. Vohsen) |title=Verhandlungen des Deutschen Kolonialkongresses, 1905, zu Berlin am 5., 6. und 7. Oktober 1905 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vb0rAQAAIAAJ&dq=%22Carl+Vicenti+Daressalam&pg=PR36}}

File:Carl Vincenti Regierungsschule in Dar-es-Salaam.jpg

Vincenti's photographs of colonial life in Dar es Salaam include images of the harbour, streets, official and residential buildings. Others show African troops with German officers in white uniforms, a military parade on the Kaiser's birthday,{{cite web|access-date=2024-11-28 |author=Carl Vicenti |publisher=Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Ethnologisches Museum |title=Spielleute der Kaiserlichen Schutztruppe |url=https://recherche.smb.museum/detail/1847548/spielleute-der-kais--schutztruppe--nr--2 |website=recherche.smb.museum}} a roll call of the Askari local soldiers{{Cite web |title=Askari-Apell :: Ethnological Museum of Berlin :: museum-digital:deutschland |url=https://nat.museum-digital.de/object/487811 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241207142431/https://nat.museum-digital.de/object/487811 |archive-date=2024-12-07 |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=nat.museum-digital.de |language=en}} and a colonial officer in the field sitting on a folding chair in front of his tent, with a native servant standing by.{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Kolonialbeamter in Deutsch-Ostafrika |url=https://www.dhm.de/lemo/bestand/objekt/deutscher-kolonialbeamter-19081909 |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=www.dhm.de |publisher=Stiftung Deutsches Historisches Museum, Stiftung Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik |language=de}} Vincenti's postcard of the New Boma military station in Tabora was sent by the colonial postage service with a postage stamp of 7 1/2 Heller in 1910.{{Cite web |last=Vincenti |first=Carl |date=1910 |title=Ansichtspostkarte, Außenansicht der Militärstation in Tabora, Deutsch-Ostafrika |url=https://onlinesammlung.museumsstiftung.de/detail/collection/cf0f77dc-3182-429f-975a-274b1498fbc1 |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=onlinesammlung.museumsstiftung.de |language=de}}

A photograph from a government school in 1903 depicts a German teacher and local pupils in a classroom, with blackboards for arithmetic instruction as well as reading and writing lessons in Swahili language, using Latin script that the Germans had introduced.{{cite web|access-date=2024-11-28 |author=Carl Vincenti |language=de |publisher=Deutsches Historisches Museum |title=Regierungsschule in Dar-es-Salaam |url=https://www.dhm.de/lemo/bestand/objekt/schule-in-dar-es-salaam-1903}}Apart from German, the colonial administration used Swahili, the language of the coastal population, for administrative purposes. For this end, Swahili was taught in local schools, but using Latin script instead of the formerly used Arabic letters. This new system of education also is the origin of the Swahili word shule that has become the common word for schools. See Mugane, John M. (2015) The Story of Swahili. (Africa in World History), Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, p. 54: “Nonetheless, the Swahili took in a number of German words to talk about their experiences with these intruders. […] So too has the word shule, from the German word Schule, referring to the basic educational system established in the colony.”

File:Carl_Vincenti_Massai_Mann.jpg

The existing photographs of Vincenti include numerous images of indigenous people and their everyday life under colonial rule. These depict representatives of ethnic groups such as the Nyamwezi, Here, Yao, Gogo, Maasai, Swahili, as well as Indian merchants,{{cite web|access-date=2024-11-28 |author=Carl Vicenti |publisher=Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Ethnologisches Museum |title=Inder Kaufleute |url=https://recherche.smb.museum/detail/1847013/inder-kaufleute}} as well as so-called Arabs, a group resulting from the unions of Arab immigrants with African women. Among the portraits are staged studio photographs with a painted backdrop, including a full view of a young woman of the Yao people.{{cite web |author=Carl Vincenti |title=Miau-Mädchen |url=https://recherche.smb.museum/detail/1848255/miau-m%C3%A4dchen-ot?language=de&question=Carl+Vincenti&limit=15&sort=relevance&controls=none&objIdx=2 |access-date=2024-12-01 |publisher=Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Ethnologisches Museum |language=de}}

Another portrait shows a three-quarter view of a Swahili youngster next to a young woman. The young man wears the Islamic headdress kofia and a kanzu shirt; the woman a turban and a kanga wrapped dress, as well as necklaces, earrings and bracelets.{{cite web |author=Carl Vincenti |title=Suaheli boy na bibi (Swahili-Junge und Mädchen) |url=https://recherche.smb.museum/detail/1848252/suaheli-boy-na-bibi-ot |access-date=2024-11-29 |publisher=Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Ethnologisches Museum |language=de}} The half-portrait of Wali Mohamed bin Salim, a dignitary from Mikindani, shows the sitter with typical garments of his Arab descent and the curved dagger jambia. As in the other studio portraits, a young man of the Maasai ethnic group with typical hairstyle looked straight at the camera.{{cite web |author=Carl Vicenti |title=Massai Mann um 1900 |url=https://www.dhm.de/lemo/bestand/objekt/massai-mann-um-1900 |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=www.dhm.de |publisher=Stiftung Deutsches Historisches Museum |language=de}}Thomas Theye, scholar on the history of photography, wrote with reference to 19th-century photography in non-European countries: "In addition to landscape depictions, the photo studios also sold large numbers of genre depictions of the locals, which on the one hand captured the habitus of the foreign people, their physical appearance, their clothing, hairstyle, jewellery, and posture, but on the other hand also [present] 'domestic' activities and commercial activities in posed stagings." Thomas Theye (ed.): Der geraubte Schatten. Eine Weltreise im Spiegel der ethnographischen Photographie. Munich/Lucerne 1989. p. 42. (in German)

An outdoor photograph shows a grown man and a woman with a boy, labelled "Family (native)". They are wearing kangas and sitting in front of a tent, facing the camera.{{cite web |author=Carl Vincenti |title=Familie (Einheimisch) |url=https://recherche.smb.museum/detail/1848249/familie-einheimisch-ot |access-date=2024-11-29 |publisher=Ethnologisches Museum Berlin}} Other pictures show locals dancing a ngoma dance or playing an African board game. Further, Vincenti also documented scenes at the Tanga railway station and of African workers building railway tracks,{{cite web |author=Carl Vincenti |date=1907 |title=Reihe 590 / Bild 49 |url=https://sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/kolonialesbildarchiv/content/titleinfo/11472244 |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=Koloniales Bildarchiv Universitätsbibliothek, Universität Frankfurt/M. |language=de}} at an expedition camp{{cite web |author=Carl Vincenti |title=Expeditionslager |url=https://recherche.smb.museum/detail/1848258/expeditionslager?language=de&question=Carl+Vincenti&limit=15&sort=relevance&controls=none&objIdx=1 |access-date=2024-12-01 |publisher=Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Ethnologisches Museum |language=de}} or as porters of a caravan with elephant tusks.{{cite web |author=Carl Vincenti |title=Kamp F. Sigel, Karawane |url=https://recherche.smb.museum/detail/1847567/kamp-f--sigel--karawane |access-date=2024-12-01 |publisher=Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Ethnologisches Museum |language=de}} These bear witness to the working conditions under colonial rule in German East Africa.Mareike Vennen, 2018, p. 57, asked questions applying to such kinds of photographs: „What types of work were captured photographically? How was this visual material disseminated together with texts? What ideas about the expedition, about labour in this colonial context and about Africa were conveyed through these images and descriptions?“

In 1905 Vincenti was awarded a Silver Medal at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, United States.Photographische Chronik 1905, [https://books.google.com/books?id=K7waAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA19 19]

Carl Vincenti Bahnhof von Tanga.jpg|Outdoor picture of the railway station in Tanga

Vincenti - African woman.jpg|Studio portrait of a young Wao woman

Vincenti - Wali Mohamed bin Salim, Mikindani.jpg|Portrait of Wali Mohamed bin Salim, 1902

Postcard of Military Station at Tabora, German East Africa, 1910.jpg|Postcard of German military station at Tabora, 1910

Like other historical images and texts, photographs from colonial Africa serve as documents for research into the history of the country and its inhabitants. In academic scholarship, disciplines such as visual anthropology, visual culture, as well as the history of photography and the production of images are concerned with such photographs. As cultural anthropologist Christraud M. Geary pointed out, their meanings are multiple and can be interpreted in open-ended ways. As historical documents, they bear witness to colonial rule, the domination of native people, the extraction of natural resources and the work of missionaries to spread Christian faith.{{Cite book |last=Geary |first=Christraud M. |title=Postcards from Africa: Photographers of the Colonial Era: Selections from the Leonard A. Lauder Postcard Archive |location=Boston |publisher=MFA Publications |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-87846-855-3 |language=en |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RIeUswEACAAJ}}

Starting at the end of the 19th century, photography and picture postcards became increasingly popular with visitors and residents of European colonies in Africa and elsewhere. Through improving and relatively cheap postal services, they created new forms of communication and served political interests. Then and now, these images have shaped the public vision of important historical changes in the lives of Africans.{{Cite book |last=Geary |first=Christraud M. |title=Postcards from Africa: Photographers of the Colonial Era: Selections from the Leonard A. Lauder Postcard Archive |location=Boston |publisher=MFA Publications |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-87846-855-3 |language=en |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RIeUswEACAAJ}}

Compared to the photographs taken by colonial officers and scientists, less authentic images of Africa and its peoples were often created by commercial photographers who catered to the rapidly expanding European market for photographs and postcards from Africa. Commercial photo studios such as Vincenti's produced appealing and sales-promoting photographs by carefully staging the people photographed in certain poses and often with "typical" clothing and jewellery. Their manipulated portraits thus contributed to the stereotyping of Africa and Africans.{{citation |author=Anne-Marie Eze |title=Africa (Sub-Saharan) |date=2013 |periodical=Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography |pages=18 |editor=John Hannavy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yVFdAgAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |language=en |isbn=978-1-135-87327-1}} In the context of postcolonial studies and critical whiteness studies, such representations have been labelled with the term "colonial gaze".{{citation |author=Easthope |first=Antony |title=Globalkolorit, Multikulturalismus und Populärkultur. |date=1998 |page=195 |editor=Terkessidis |editor-first=Mark |editor-last2=Mayer |editor-first2=Ruth |trans-chapter=The colonial gaze. Reading media against the grain. |chapter=Der kolonialistische Blick. Medien gegen den Strich lesen. |location=St. Andrä-Wördern |publisher=Hannibal |language=de |isbn=3-85445-152-0}}

Thus, a modern website of the German Historical Museum about German East Africa includes Vincenti's photograph of a colonial classroom with blackboards for lessons and wall pictures of the German emperor Wilhelm II and his wife as a visual document for life in the colony. At the top of the same website is another historical picture showing the German photographer Otto Haeckel during his trip in German East Africa with a bellows camera on a tripod in front of a native hut.{{cite web|access-date=2024-11-28 |author=Stiftung Deutsches Historisches Museum |language=de |publisher=Deutsches Historisches Museum |title=Die Kolonie Deutsch-Ostafrika |url=https://www.dhm.de/lemo/kapitel/kaiserreich/aussenpolitik/ostafrika |website=www.dhm.de}} As another example, a research project on the colonial collection of the botanist Karl Braun published Vincenti's panoramic image of the Amani research station in the Usambara Mountains in 2024.{{cite web|access-date=2025-02-12 |language=de |publisher=Museen Stade |title=Panorama Postkarte des Amani Instituts mit persönlichen Beschriftungen von Karl Braun |url=https://www.museen-stade.de/fileadmin/museen-stade.de/Service/Forschung/Sammlung_Braun/Braun_Stadtarchiv_Amani_beschriftetes_Panoramafoto.jpg |website=www.museen-stade.de}}

A study of racial stereotyping with reference to the territory of the modern state of Rwanda, that at the time belonged to German East Africa, discussed a picture postcard published by Vincenti as an example. It shows two African men in traditional dress, labelled "Watussi Sultans. German East Africa."{{Cite book |url=https://sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/kolonialesbildarchiv/content/titleinfo/11466661 |title=Watussi-Sultane. Deutsch-Ost-Afrika. Verlag C. Vincenti, Dar-es-Salaam. |language=en}}The study notes that word „Sultan“, common for dignitaries in German colonial time, is inappropriate, as Tutsi people never were Muslim. Other than this caption, there is no further information in the image archive of the Frankfurt university library. Even though the actual photographer of this photograph is unknown, the study assumes that Vincenti as publisher was interested in selling stereotypical images of members of the Rwandan kingdom. In her analysis of this photograph, the author concludes: "The results of Vincenti's work thus appear without the viewer being able to gather historical colonial or political facts about the background of his imagery."{{cite web|access-date=2024-12-08 |author=Anne D. Peiter |date=2024-06-04 |language=de |publisher=Visual History |title=Die Ethnogenese und der Tutsizid in Ruanda |url=https://visual-history.de/2024/06/04/peiter-die-ethnogenese-und-der-tutsizid-in-ruanda/}}

In Germany, photographs and postcards by Vincenti can be found in the collections of the German Historical Museum, the Museum of Postal Services and Telecommunication,{{cite web|access-date=2025-03-23 |publisher=Museumsstiftung Post und Telekommunikation |title=Suche Carl Vinenti - Onlinesammlung MSPT |url=https://onlinesammlung.museumsstiftung.de/suche/collection/ergebnisse?module=collection&query=Deutsch+Ostafrika&SY_S=&PO_S=&GR_S=&KW_S=&ON_S=&IV_S=&DV_I=&DB_I=&filter_person=Kunstverlag+C.Vincenti,+Daressalam&filter_keywords=&filter_systematic=&sort=ObjectName_S_sort+asc&pageSize=24&page=0&submit=suchen}} the Goethe University Frankfurt{{cite web|access-date=2024-11-29 |author=Carl Vicenti |publisher=Universität Frankfurt am Main |title=Digitale Sammlungen / Drucker / Verleger / Filter Vincenti, Carl |url=https://sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/nav/index/printer-publisher?facets=name=%22Vincenti,%20Carl%22&lang=de |website=Koloniales Bildarchiv der Universitätsbibliothek}} and the Ethnological Museum in Berlin. In addition to individual positive prints in black and white, the museum in Berlin also holds a photo album entitled "Original photographs from German East Africa; Dar-es-Saalam [sic] from the years 1901-1902" with gelatin silver prints on cardboard with Vincenti's company logo and the note "Vervielfältigung vorbehalten" (reproduction reserved).{{cite web|access-date=2024-12-02 |author=Carl Vincenti |language=de |title="Original-Aufnahmen von Deutsch-Ost-Afrika; Dar-es-Saalam" - Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek |url=https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/JKG4UGUKCXL5UBACXFSZ5IQVMAMDXAYE}}

The Ethnographic Museum in Budapest owns a series of Vincenti's photographs of the construction and operation of a Catholic mission station of the Benedictine Congregation of St Ottilien in Kurasini, south of Dar es Salaam, in the years 1894-1895. These are labelled "Original photograph and publisher by C. Vincenti, Dar-es-Salaam. East Africa" and were also distributed by Vincenti as picture postcards.{{cite web|access-date=2025-01-07 |language=hu |title="C. Vincenti, Dar-es-Salaam. Ost-Afrika" |url=https://etnofoto.neprajz.hu/index.php/2024/01/19/c-vincenti-dar-es-salaam-ost-afrika/}} In the United States, there is an extensive collection of more than 300 of Vincenti's photographs in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University{{cite web|access-date=2024-11-29 |language=en |publisher=Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library |title=Collection of photographs relating to European colonization in Africa |url=https://archives.yale.edu/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&op%5B%5D=&q%5B%5D=Carl+Vincenti&limit=&field%5B%5D=&from_year%5B%5D=&to_year%5B%5D=&commit=Search}}{{cite web|access-date=2024-12-06 |language=en |publisher=Yale University Library, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library |title=Guide to the Collection of photographs relating to European colonization in Africa. Series III: East Africa Collection of photographs relating to European colonization in Africa, 1887–2005. |url=https://ead-pdfs.library.yale.edu/944.pdf}} and a smaller one in the Frank and Frances Carpenter Collection at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.{{cite web|access-date=2024-11-29 |language=en |publisher=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. |title=Search results: Vincenti |url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/search/?q=Vincenti}} In the United Kingdom, Cambridge University Library holds a collection of monochrome postcards of scenes in German East Africa by Walther Dobbertin and Carl Vicenti.{{Cite web |title=[Miscellaneous postcards of German East Africa i.e. Tanzania], 1910 - 1920 {{!}} ArchiveSearch |url=https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/2/archival_objects/179741 |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk}}

Private collectors also own historical photos by Vincenti. For example, the auction house Sotheby's auctioned a photo album on Zanzibar and Dar es Salaam, in which 32 photos bear Vincenti's round company stamp.{{cite web|access-date=2024-11-30 |language=en |publisher=Sotheby's Ltd. |title=(#235) Zanzibar and East Africa--Carl Vincenti, and others. |url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2012/travel-atlases-maps-natural-history-l12405/lot.235.html}} Furthermore, the art agency Artnet sold a collection of 58 original Vincenti photographs from German East Africa in 2014.{{cite web|access-date=2024-11-29 |author=Carl Vincenti |date=2014 |language=en |publisher=Artnet |title=58 Original-Fotografien aus Deutsch-Ostafrika |url=https://www.artnet.com/artists/carl-vincenti/sammlung-von-58-ophotographien-aus-deutsch-i2JV5Ogbd0U41hZlc0aa3w2}}

• Ana Carolina Schveitzer (May 15, 2024). Visualizing Labour in German East Africa: Photographic Images and their Circulation. German Historical Institute London Blog.

• {{Cite book |author=Eliane Kurmann |date=2023 |isbn=978-3-593-45187-9 |language=de |location=Frankfurt / New York |publisher=Campus Verlag |title=Fotogeschichten und Geschichtsbilder: Aneignung und Umdeutung historischer Fotografien in Tansania |url=https://www.campus.de/e-books/wissenschaft/geschichte/fotogeschichten_und_geschichtsbilder-17633.html}}
• {{Cite periodical |author=Sophie Junge |date=2021 |issue=162 |periodical=Fotogeschichte. Beiträge zur Geschichte und Ästhetik der Fotografie |title=Fotografie und Kolonialismus. Editorial |url=https://www.fotogeschichte.info/bisher-erschienen/hefte-ab-150/162/editorial-fotografie-und-kolonialismus-fotogeschichte-162-2021/ |language=de }}
• {{Cite book |author=Heike Behrend |date=2014 |isbn=978-3-8394-2456-8 |author-link=Heike Behrend |language=en |publisher=transcript Verlag |title=Contesting Visibility: Photographic Practices on the East African Coast |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PaWiBQAAQBAJ&dq=Contesting+Visibility.+Photographic+Practices+and+the+%E2%80%9EAesthetics+of+Withdrawal%E2%80%9C+along+the+East+African+Coast,&pg=PA20}}
• {{Cite book |author=Jens Jäger |date=2009 |isbn=978-3-593-38880-9 |language=de |publisher=Campus Verlag |title=Fotografie und Geschichte |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8fPlAgAAQBAJ&dq=Fotografie+und+Geschichte&pg=PA7}}
• {{Cite book |author-last=Landau |chapter=Empires of the Visual: Photography and Colonial Administration in Africa |date=2002 |editor-last1=Landau |editor-first1=Paul S. |editor-last2=Kaspin |editor-first2=Deborah D. |isbn=0-520-22949-5 |language=en |location=Berkeley/Los Angeles/London |pages=141–171 |publisher=University of California Press |first=Paul S. |title=Images and Empires: Visuality in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g7gwDwAAQBAJ&dq=colonial+postcards+German+East+Africa+&pg=PA141}}
• {{Cite book |date=1989 |author=Thomas Theye |isbn=3-7658-0646-3 |location=München / Luzern |publisher=Bucher |title=Der geraubte Schatten: eine Weltreise im Spiegel der ethnographischen Photographie |url=http://www.lmz-bw.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Medienbildung_MCO/fileadmin/bibliothek/theye_schatten/theye_schatten.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908155639/http://www.lmz-bw.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Medienbildung_MCO/fileadmin/bibliothek/theye_schatten/theye_schatten.pdf |archive-date=8 September 2014 |language=de }}

{{Commons}}

• [https://recherche.smb.museum/detail/1847530 Photographs by Carl Vicenti] in the collections of the Berlin State Museums

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vincenti, Carl}}

Category:1940 deaths

Category:1871 births

Category:History of Tanzania

Category:19th-century German photographers

Category:20th-century German photographers

Category:German portrait photographers

Category:People from German East Africa