Carl Vinson

Vinson was born in Baldwin County, Georgia, where he attended local schools and Georgia Military College. He graduated with a law degree from Mercer University in 1902 and was a member of the Kappa Alpha Order. After some years of practice, he was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1908. After losing a third term following redistricting, he was appointed as judge of the Baldwin County court.

Following the sudden death of U.S. Senator Augustus Bacon, Representative Thomas W. Hardwick of Georgia's 10th congressional district was nominated to fill Bacon's Senate seat. Vinson announced his candidacy for Hardwick's seat in Congress and defeated three opponents. He was the youngest member of Congress (30 years old) when he was elected on November 3, 1914.

File:Carl Vinson (D–GA).jpg at age 30. A Democrat, he was repeatedly re-elected, serving until age 81.]]

Vinson served as a Representative from November 3, 1914, to January 3, 1965. He was repeatedly re-elected by Democratic voters for this seat. Vinson's first term in Congress was characterized by his support for segregation sponsoring bills to establish separate street cars and apartments for Blacks in the District of Columbia, banning interracial marriage in the District, and repealing the Fifteenth Amendment.{{cite journal |last=Reed |first=Ralph|date=1983|title="Fighting the Devil with Fire": Carl Vinson's Victory over Tom Watson in the 1918 Tenth District Democratic Primary|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40581142|journal=The Georgia Historical Quarterly|volume=67 |issue=4|pages=451–479|jstor=40581142 }}

During his tenure in the U.S. House, Vinson was a champion for national defense and especially the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps. He joined the House Naval Affairs Committee shortly after World War I and became the ranking Democratic member in the early 1920s. He was the only Democrat appointed to the Morrow Board, which reviewed the status of aviation in America in the mid-1920s.

In 1931, Vinson became chairman of the House Naval Affairs Committee. In 1934, Vinson helped push the Vinson–Trammell Act, along with Democratic Senator Park Trammell of Florida. The bill authorized the replacement of obsolete vessels by new construction and a gradual increase of ships within the limits of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and London Naval Treaty of 1930. Initial funding for the Vinson–Trammell Navy Act was provided by the Emergency Appropriations Act of 1934. This was necessary as during the previous administration, not a single major warship was laid down and the US Navy was both aging and losing ground to the Japanese Navy. Japan repudiated the naval treaties in late 1934.

Vinson later was primarily responsible for additional naval expansion legislation, the Naval Act of 1938 ("Second Vinson Act") and the Third Vinson Act of 1940 (which was essentially a mere prelude to the Two-Oceans Act that followed a month later), as well as the Two-Ocean Navy Act of 1940. The ambitious program called for by this series of laws helped the U.S. Navy as the country entered World War II, as new ships were able to match the latest ships from Japan.

At the end of World War II, Congress had authorized four Naval four-star officers to be promoted to Fleet Admiral. A staunch partisan of Admiral William Halsey, Jr., Vinson blocked the nomination of Admiral Raymond A. Spruance several times, although the majority thought him more deserving,{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} to ensure that Halsey got the fourth billet. Congress eventually responded by passing an unprecedented act that specified that Spruance would remain on a full admiral's pay once retired until his death.{{cite web|url=http://www.hazegray.org/faq/smn3.htm|title=sci.military.naval FAQ, Part C - General Naval Information}}{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4442/is_200805/ai_n25418723/|title=FindArticles.com - CBSi}}

File:Carl Vinson 1943 Portrait.jpg

Following World War II, the House Naval Affairs Committee was merged with the Military Affairs Committee to become the House Armed Services Committee (this consolidation mirrored the establishment of the Department of Defense when the old Departments of War and of the Navy were consolidated). When the Republicans won control of Congress in the 1946 election, Vinson served as ranking minority member of the committee for two years before becoming chairman in early 1949, when the Democrats were again in majority; a position held for four years until the Republicans briefly returned to the majority for a single congressional term after the 1952 elections. After the Democrats retook congress in the 1954 midterms, Vinson again became chairman, a position he held until his retirement in 1965. In this role, Vinson adopted a committee rule that came to be known as the "Vinson rule", which limited the number of questions a junior member of the committee could ask to one question per year of service on the committee. As chairman, Vinson oversaw the modernization of the military as its focus shifted to the Cold War. He was also committee chair when Congress authorized the procurement of the first nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, starting with {{USS|Enterprise|CVN-65}} in the late 1950s.

A staunch segregationist, Vinson voted against the 1964 Civil Rights Act and in 1956, signed "The Southern Manifesto". Other Southern politicians signed this in resistance to the ruling by the United States Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that segregated public education was unconstitutional, and that states needed to integrate their public schools.{{cite news |last1=O'Rourke |first1=Sean Patrick |title=The Southern Manifesto Needs to be Remembered |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105897561/the-southern-manifesto-needs-to-be-remem/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |publisher=Greenville News |date=March 15, 2006}}

Vinson did not seek re-election in 1964 and retired from Congress in January 1965.

Vinson married Mary Green of Ohio in 1921. She died in 1949 after a long illness.

Vinson did not have children, but his great-nephew, Sam Nunn, served as a Senator from Georgia for more than 24 years. Nunn followed in his great uncle's footsteps, serving on the Senate Armed Services Committee for nearly his entire tenure in the Senate. Sam Nunn's daughter, Michelle Nunn, ran unsuccessfully for one of Georgia's U.S. Senate seats in 2014.

Vinson considered his longtime assistant Charles Tillman Snead, Jr. his surrogate son, and Snead's wife, Molly Staeman Snead, was Vinson's wife's nurse for 34 years. Snead's son and grandchildren maintained this familial bond to Vinson until his death in 1981.

Vinson returned to Baldwin County, Georgia, where he lived in retirement until his death on June 1, 1981.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/02/obituaries/carl-vinson-97-ex-congressman-who-was-with-house-50-years-dies.html|title=Carl Vinson, 97, Ex-Congressman who was with House 50 Years, Dies|date=2 June 1981|work=The New York Times}} He is buried in Memory Hill Cemetery in Milledgeville, Georgia.

At the time of his death, Vinson was the last living member of the House of Representatives who was serving at the time of the United States' declaration of war against the German Empire, which precipitated the United States' entry into World War I.

In recognition of his efforts on behalf of the U.S. Navy, a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier was named the {{USS|Carl Vinson|CVN-70|6}}, an honor rarely given to a person while living. On March 15, 1980, at age 96, he attended the ship's launching.

Vinson Massif, Antarctica's highest mountain, is also named after him,{{cite web|url=http://7summits.com/vinson/vinson.htm|title=Mount Vinson, the summit of Antarctica. The seven summits, the highest peaks of the 7 continents! Trips, Statistics & information!}} together with the related Mount Vinson and Vinson Plateau.{{cite web|url=http://www.livescience.com/41122-mount-vinson-antarcticas-highest-mountain.html|title=Mount Vinson: Antarctica's Highest Mountain|website=Live Science|date=11 November 2013}}

Carl Vinson served 26 consecutive terms in the U.S. House, rarely running against significant opposition. He served for 50 years and one month, a record that stood until 1992, when the mark was surpassed by Jamie Whitten of Mississippi.{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2010/06/rep-carl-vinson-dies-june-1-1981-037973|title=Rep. Carl Vinson dies, June 1, 1981|website=Politico|date=June 2010 }}

For his commitment, Vinson was awarded the prestigious Sylvanus Thayer Award by the United States Military Academy. In 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson awarded Vinson the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Special Distinction, the highest award the President can give to a civilian. During his own tenure in the House, Johnson had served for years as a junior member of the House Naval Affairs Committee under Vinson.

The Department of Veterans' Affairs Medical Center in Dublin, Georgia, serving veterans in Central and Southern Georgia, is named for Vinson.

The University of Georgia hosts the Carl Vinson Institute of Government.{{cite web|url=http://www.cviog.uga.edu/about/carl-vinson-legend|title=Carl Vinson: A Legend in His Own Time|publisher=Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828172302/http://www.cviog.uga.edu/about/carl-vinson-legend|archive-date=2016-08-28}}

Athens, Georgia, is the site of Carl Vinson Park.

Carl Vinson Parkway is located in Warner Robins, Georgia.

Georgia Military College formerly had a barracks named for him. It was razed in the mid-2000s.

Vinson Hall Retirement Community in McLean, Virginia, is named after Carl Vinson.

US Federal Standard 595 names a color in his honor: reference 25630, "Carl Vinson Blue." The color can be approximated by hexadecimal color #B1C1C1 {{cite web | url=https://www.w3schools.com/colors/colors_fs595.asp | title=Colors - FS 595 }}

{{reflist}}

• {{Cite book|last= Cook|first=James F. |title= Carl Vinson: Patriarch of the Armed Forces |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d6J4Ro7YYOkC |publisher = Mercer Univ. Press|date=2004|isbn = 0865547548|oclc= 237846238}}
• Gaughan, Anthony. "Woodrow Wilson and the Rise of Militant Interventionism in the South." The Journal of Southern History 65, no. 4 (1999): 771–808. https://doi.org/10.2307/2587587.
• Reed, Ralph. "'Fighting the Devil with Fire': Carl Vinson's Victory over Tom Watson in the 1918 Tenth District Democratic Primary." The Georgia Historical Quarterly 67, no. 4 (1983): 451–79. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40581142.
• Walter, John C. "Congressman Carl Vinson and Franklin D. Roosevelt: Naval Preparedness and the Coming of World War II, 1932-40." The Georgia Historical Quarterly 64, no. 3 (1980): 294–305. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40580647.
• Ziemke, Caroline F. "Senator Richard B. Russell and the 'Lost Cause' in Vietnam, 1954–1968." The Georgia Historical Quarterly 72, no. 1 (1988): 30–71. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40581768.

{{commons category}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100611042444/http://www.cviog.uga.edu/about/carlvinson_legend.php University of Georgia brief biography]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100610032856/http://www.cviog.uga.edu/about/carlvinson.php University of Georgia Profile of Carl Vinson]
• [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=V000105 Congressional Biography]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080410002423/http://www.cvn70.navy.mil/ United States Navy website: USS Carl Vinson]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100610032541/http://www.cviog.uga.edu/store/item.php?item=1 Vinson Institute Press, "Carl Vinson: A Legacy of Public Service", 2002]

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Category:1883 births

Category:1981 deaths

Category:American anti-communists

Category:Democratic Party members of the Georgia House of Representatives

Category:Georgia (U.S. state) state court judges

Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients

Category:Mercer University alumni

Category:Burials at Memory Hill Cemetery

Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia (U.S. state)

Category:20th-century Georgia (U.S. state) state court judges

Category:Deans of the United States House of Representatives

Category:Signatories of the Southern Manifesto

Category:Georgia Military College alumni

Category:20th-century members of the United States House of Representatives

Category:20th-century members of the Georgia General Assembly