Carlin Tunnel
{{Short description|Road and rail tunnels in Nevada, U.S.}}
{{use mdy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox tunnel
|name = Carlin Tunnel
|image = 2015-04-19 16 52 11 View east along Interstate 80 approaching the Carlin Tunnel in the Carlin Canyon of Elko County, Nevada.jpg
|caption = View east along Interstate 80 approaching the Carlin Tunnel
|location = Near Carlin, Nevada
|coordinates = {{coord|40.721665|-116.01408|display=inline,title}}
|route = {{jct|state=NV|I|80}}
|opened = September 25, 1975{{Cite web |date=October 7, 2014 |title=I-80 Carlin Tunnels Improvement Project Substantially Complete |url=http://www.nevadadot.com/News/Press_Releases/2014/I-80_Carlin_Tunnels_Improvement_Project_Substantially_Complete.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207143858/http://www.nevadadot.com/News/Press_Releases/2014/I-80_Carlin_Tunnels_Improvement_Project_Substantially_Complete.aspx |archive-date=December 7, 2014 |access-date=November 26, 2014 |publisher=Nevada Department of Transportation}}
|operator = Nevada Department of Transportation
|traffic = Automotive
|speed =
|character = Interstate Highway system (two bores)
|lanes = 4 lanes in 2 tubes
|hielevation = {{convert|4950|ft|m}}{{Cite map |title=Nevada Road and Recreation Atlas |year=2002 |publisher=Benchmark Maps |page=43 |section=F8 |isbn=0-929591-81-X}}
}}
{{Infobox tunnel
|name = Carlin Tunnel
|image = 2015-04-19 14 54 17 Western portal of the northern rail line through the Carlin Tunnel in Elko County, Nevada.jpg
|caption = Western portal of the northern rail line through the Carlin Tunnel
|location = Near Carlin, Nevada at Tonka rail siding
|coordinates =
|route =
|opened = 1903 (original railroad bore)
|operator = Union Pacific Railroad
|traffic = Rail
|speed =
|character = Passenger and freight rail (two bores)
|vpd =
|length = {{cvt|1887|ft}} (SP bore)
{{cvt|2342|ft}} (WP bore){{cite web |title=Track Chart and Alignment Book |url=http://www.multimodalways.org/docs/railroads/companies/SP/SP%20Track%20Charts/SP%20Western%20Region%20Track%20Chart%201-1-1993.pdf |date=1993 |publisher=Southern Pacific |access-date=22 November 2023}}
|line = Elko Subdivision
|notrack = double track
|gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
}}
The Carlin Tunnel is a collective name for a set of four tunnel bores in the Humboldt River's Carlin Canyon, east of Carlin in Elko County, Nevada, United States. The two railroad bores were constructed for different purposes at different times, while the two highway bores were constructed concurrently, all with the goal of bypassing a sharp bend in the river. Currently, two of the bores carry Interstate 80, while the other two bores carry Union Pacific Railroad's Overland Route and Central Corridor. Bridges over the Humboldt River are adjacent to both portals of three tubes, including the two freeway bores and one of the railroad bores.
History
File:2015-04-19 14 50 38 The four western portals of the Carlin Tunnel in Elko County, Nevada.jpg
The first bore was constructed by the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1903 as part of a straightening of the First transcontinental railroad, prior to this time the railroad followed the curved river through the canyon.{{Cite web |title=Tonka, Nevada |url=http://www.elkorose.com/tonka.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218043231/http://www.elkorose.com/tonka.html |archive-date=2012-02-18 |access-date=2010-05-07 |publisher=Elko Rose Garden Association}} The second tunnel was constructed by the Western Pacific Railroad for the Feather River Route. The modern Union Pacific Railroad, which acquired both of these railroad companies, has combined the former competing lines into a dual-track directional running main for uninterrupted traffic, now known as the Elko Subdivision. The former Southern Pacific bore crosses the Humboldt river at each portal, similar to the freeway bores, while the former Western Pacific bore does not cross the river at the tunnel portals.{{Cite web |title=Carlin Canyon |url=http://www.elkorose.com/carlincanyon.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217043053/http://www.elkorose.com/carlincanyon.html |archive-date=2012-02-17 |access-date=2010-05-07 |publisher=Elko Rose Garden Association}} U.S. Route 40 was originally routed on the old railroad grade through the canyon. With the planned construction of Interstate 80 through the area, a third and fourth bore was constructed to accommodate the expected traffic increase and higher traffic speed; these were completed and opened on September 25, 1975. The estimated cost to build the tunnels was US$8 million (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US-GDP|8000000|1974|r=-2}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP|name-list-style=amp}}); at the time this was the most expensive single construction contract awarded by the Nevada Department of Highways, predecessor agency to the Nevada Department of Transportation. Completion was originally scheduled for late 1974, however during boring fragmented rock was discovered which slowed progress.{{Cite news |date=March 24, 1973 |title=Rewrite: News from past issues (as republished on March 24, 2023) |url=https://elkodaily.com/news/local/history/rewrite-news-from-past-issues/article_30982c96-c9b6-11ed-a8de-e7e86e7a37e9.html |access-date=March 30, 2023 |work=Elko Daily Free Press}}
In addition to these larger tunnels, both railroad grades feature several smaller tunnels as the railroad follows Carlin Canyon and downstream Palisade canyon of the Humboldt River. The railroad bridges and tunnels near Carlin have made news on a few occasions. In 1908, a rock slide nearly caused the Southern Pacific tunnel to collapse resulting in a massive effort to save the rail line.{{Cite news |date=1908-08-17 |title=Espee Tunnel May Cave In |work=Los Angeles Times |page=3 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-espee-tunnel-may-c/139215438/ |via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}} In 1939, the City of San Francisco passenger train derailed on one of the Humboldt river bridges, killing 24 and injuring 121. The incident was ruled sabotage, but remains unsolved. In 2008, a train derailment at a smaller tunnel west of Carlin led to the collapse of one of the Humboldt River bridges. This bridge collapse resulted in nationwide rail traffic delays.{{Cite web |last=Damele, Ron |title=Yucca Mountain Information Office, Union Pacific Freight Train Derailment |url=http://www.yuccamountain.org/train08.htm |access-date=2010-05-07 |publisher=Eureka County Public Works}}{{Cite news |date=2008-12-28 |title=Train Derailment to Disrupt Rail Service |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,473406,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108050216/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,473406,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 8, 2009 |access-date=2010-05-07 |publisher=Associated Press}}
{{Clear left}}
References
{{Commons category|Carlin Tunnel}}
Category:Buildings and structures in Elko County, Nevada
Category:Rail infrastructure in Nevada
Category:Western Pacific Railroad
Category:Southern Pacific Railroad
Category:Union Pacific Railroad tunnels
Category:Transportation in Elko County, Nevada