Carmel-by-the-Sea, California#Modern era

File:Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo (Oriana Day, c.1877–84).jpg, established in 1770, was the headquarters of the Californian mission system from 1797 until 1833.]]

The first Europeans to see Carmel were mariners led by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1542, who sailed up the California coast without landing. Another sixty years passed before Spanish explorer, Sebastián Vizcaíno landed in what is now known as Carmel Valley in 1602. It is thought that he named the river running through the valley Rio Carmelo in honor of the three Carmelite friars serving as chaplains for the voyage.{{cite book |last=Temple|first=Sydney |date=March 1, 1987 |title=Carmel-by-the-Sea: From Aborigines to Coastal Commission |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vu_phmoXQCoC&q=carmel+by+the+sea+from+aborigines+to+coastal+commission | publisher=Angel Press |isbn=9780912216324}}

The Spanish did not attempt to colonize the area until 1770, when Gaspar de Portolá, along with Franciscan priests Junípero Serra and Juan Crespí, visited the area in search of a mission site. Portolà and Crespí traveled by land while Serra traveled with supplies aboard ship, arriving eight days later. The colony of Monterey was established at the same time as the second mission in Alta California and soon became the capital of California, remaining so until 1849.{{cite web |title=Historic Timeline of Monterey |url=https://files.monterey.org/MPLibrary/Documents/HistoryRoom/Historic%20Timeline.pdf |website=Monterey Public Library |access-date=July 8, 2022 |date=April 28, 2005 |quote=On April 18, 1774, Monterey is named the capital of Las Californias, upper and lower California. ... On February 3, 1777, Monterey becomes the official capital of Alta California.}}{{cite web |title=Previous Capitols — and Capitals — of California |url=https://library.ca.gov/california-history/previous-ca-capitals/ |website=California State Library |access-date=July 6, 2022 |quote=Monterey [was] the Spanish and Mexican capital of California (1776–1846).}} From the late 18th through the early 19th century most of the Ohlone population died from European diseases (against which they had no immunity), as well as overwork and malnutrition at the missions where the Spanish forced them to live.

File:Carmel California, 1794 sketch by John Sykes.jpg

Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was founded on June 3, 1770, in the nearby settlement of Monterey, but was relocated to Carmel Valley by Junípero Serra due to interactions between soldiers stationed at the nearby Presidio and the native Indians.{{cite book |title = Guide Book to the Mission of San Carlos at Carmel and Monterey, California | last=Slevin, Slevin| first=L.S., M. E.| publisher = Carmel News Co.|year = 1912| pages = [https://books.google.com/books?id=jUZDAAAAIAAJ 9–11] |asin = B000893QGS}}

In December 1771, a stockade of approximately 130x200 became the new Mission Carmel. Simple buildings of plastered mud were the first church and dwellings until a structure was built of wood from nearby pine and cypress trees to last through the seasonal rains. This too, was a temporary church until a permanent stone edifice was built. In 1784, Serra died and was buried, at his request, at the Mission in the Sanctuary of the San Carlos Church, next to Crespí, who had died the previous year. Serra was buried with full military honors. Carmel Mission contains the state's first library.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/american_latino_heritage/carmel_mission.html|title=Carmel Mission—American Latino Heritage: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary|website=www.nps.gov|access-date=January 28, 2019|archive-date=January 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129010858/https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/american_latino_heritage/carmel_mission.html|url-status=dead}}

When Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, Carmel became Mexican territory.{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2021 |title=Carmel Mission |url=https://www.nps.gov/places/carmel-mission.htm |access-date=August 30, 2023 |website=U.S. National Park Service |language=en}}

File:View_of_Carmel,_c._1839.jpg in 1839]]

Carmel became part of the United States in 1848, when Mexico ceded California as a result of the Mexican–American War.

In the 1850s, "Rancho Las Manzanitas", the area that was to become Carmel-by-the-Sea, was purchased by French businessman Honoré Escolle. Escolle was known and prosperous in the City of Monterey, owning the first commercial bakery, pottery kiln, and brickworks in Central California.{{cite book|last=Hudson |first=Monica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aiDfTQBUJOgC&q=%22Edward%20Kuster%22 |title=Carmel-By-The-Sea |publisher=Arcadia Publishing|place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|date=2006|pages=29–30|isbn=9780738531229|access-date=April 16, 2022}}

William Martin of Scotland arrived in Monterey in 1856 by ship with his family. His son, John Martin (1827–1893), bought land around the Carmel River from Lafayette F. Loveland in 1859. He built the Martin Ranch on {{convert|216|acre}} that went as far as the Carmel River to the homes along Carmel-by-the-Sea. The ranch became known as the Mission Ranch because it was so close to the Carmel Mission. They farmed potatoes and barley and had a milk dairy.{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/ccarm_002713/page/n7/mode/2up?q=%22John+Martin%22

|title=Carmel Story Shifting Scene Chapter III|author=Daisy Bostick|work=The Carmel Pine Cone|date=September 26, 1947|page=8|access-date=July 8, 2022}}{{cite web|url=http://pineconearchive.fileburstcdn.com/211210PC.pdf |title=There were horses, cows and swine, but surprisingly, no sheep|work=The Carmel Pine Cone|date=December 10, 2021|page=23|access-date=December 10, 2021}}

In 1888, Escolle and Santiago J. Duckworth filed a subdivision map with the County Recorder of Monterey County. By 1889, 200 lots had been sold. The name "Carmel" was earlier applied to another place on the north bank of the Carmel River {{convert|13|mi|km}} east-southeast of the present-day Carmel. A post office called Carmel opened in 1889, closed in 1890, re-opened in 1893, moved in 1902, and closed for good in 1903.Carmel-By-The-Sea Monica Hudson – 2006 "The romantic name, Carmel-by-the-Sea, was the gift of a group of women real estate developers, later used in advertising lots for "brain workers at indoor employment." Abbie Jane Hunter, founder of the San Francisco-based Women's Real Estate Investment Company,Carmel:: A History in Architecture – Page 27 Kent Seavey – 2007 "By 1892, Abbie Jane Hunter, founder of the San Francisco based Women's Real Estate Investment Company, had joined forces with the Duckworth interests and had a large community bathhouse constructed on Carmel's beach." first used the name "Carmel-by-the-Sea" on a promotional postcard.Kathleen Thompson Hill, Gerald Hill – Monterey and Carmel 1999 "Joining forces with Duckworth to promote Carmel, Mrs. Hunter first used the name "Carmel-by-the-Sea" in a mailer. But during the 1890s, sales were stagnant and the project was losing money. Duckworth went to see successful San Jose real  ..."

In 1902, James Franklin Devendorf and Frank Hubbard Powers, on behalf of the Carmel Development Company, filed a subdivision map of the core village that became Carmel. They asked Michael J. Murphy to help build the houses. From 1902 to 1940, he built nearly 350 buildings in Carmel.{{cite web|last1=Grimes|first1=Teresa|last2=Heumann|first2=Leslie|url=https://ci.carmel.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/final_updated_carmel_historic_context_statement_091208-b.pdf?1510262312|title=Historic Context Statement Carmel-by-the-Sea|work=Leslie Heumann and Associates1994|access-date=January 18, 2022|archive-date=January 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118183219/https://ci.carmel.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/final_updated_carmel_historic_context_statement_091208-b.pdf?1510262312|url-status=live}} The Carmel post office opened the same year.{{California's Geographic Names|881}} In 1899, Fritz Schweninger opened the first bakery on Ocean Avenue, called the Carmel Bakery.{{cite web|url=https://pineconearchive.com/210625PCA.pdf|title= Professional historians refuse to settle for half-baked legends |author=Neal Hotelling|work=Carmel Pine Cone|place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|date=June 24, 2021|pages=27–28|access-date=June 22, 2022}}{{cite book|last=Dramov|first=Alissandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QX-TDwAAQBAJ&q=Schweinger|title=Historic Buildings of Downtown Carmel-by-the-Sea|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|date=2019|page=66|isbn=9781467103039|access-date=June 22, 2022}} In 1910, the Carnegie Institution established the Coastal Laboratory, and a number of scientists moved to the area. Carmel incorporated in 1916.

In 1905, the Carmel Arts and Crafts Club was formed to support and produce artistic works. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the village was inundated with musicians, writers, painters and other creatives. These new residents were offered home lots—ten dollars as a down payment, little or no interest, and whatever they could afford to pay on a monthly basis.Barbara J. Klein, The Carmel Monterey Peninsula Art Colony: A History, accessed at {{cite web |url=http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/5aa/5aa300.htm |title=The Carmel Monterey Peninsula Art Colony: A History; article by Barbara J. Klein |access-date=August 1, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827084926/http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/5aa/5aa300.htm |archive-date=August 27, 2009 }}{{Unreliable source?|date=December 2023}} In 1906, the San Francisco Call devoted a full page to the "artists, writers and poets at Carmel-by-the-Sea".{{cite news |url=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC19060114.2.185.4 |title=Among the Artists, Writers and Poets at Carmel-by-the-sea. |author=Brooks, Ida L. |date=January 14, 1906 |volume=99 |number=45 |newspaper=San Francisco Call |access-date=August 15, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005114415/http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC19060114.2.185.4 |archive-date=October 5, 2016 }}

The Carmel Arts and Crafts Club held exhibitions, lectures, dances, and produced plays and recitals at numerous locations, including the Pine Inn Hotel, before purchasing a lot on Casanova Street, where they built a clubhouse in 1907. By 1914, the club had achieved national recognition.{{cite web|url=http://www.californianprepress.com/thecalifornian/specialsections/uploads/ads/NonProfits05/NonProfit09.pdf |title=When the Carmel 'Bohemians' met The Ladies of The Arts & Crafts Club |publisher=californianprepress.com |date=December 24, 2005 |access-date=January 7, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708111932/http://www.californianprepress.com/thecalifornian/specialsections/uploads/ads/NonProfits05/NonProfit09.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2011 }}

File:Mary Austin, Jack London, George Sterling, Jimmie Hooper, restored.jpg, Mary Austin, Jack London, and Jimmie Hopper at Carmel Beach, c. 1905.]]

In 1911, Carmel began a tradition of presenting plays by Shakespeare with a production of Twelfth Night, directed by Garnet Holme of UC Berkeley and featuring future mayors Perry Newberry and Herbert Heron. Twelfth Night was again presented in 1940 at Heron's inaugural Carmel Shakespeare Festival, and was repeated in 1942 and 1956.

In 1915, during the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, various items showcasing Carmel were featured in the Monterey County exhibit within the California Building. This exhibit included natural and industrial products of this part of the state.{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-panamapacific-internati/139631351/|title=Tuesday March 2nd, Monterey Co. Day|work=The Californian|place=Salinas, California|date=February 5, 1915|page=1|access-date=January 26, 2024}} As part of Carmel's involvement in the Exposition, the Junipero Serra or The Padres performance from the Forest Theater took place on July 30–31, 1915, within the Court of the Universe. This pageant, written and directed by Perry Newberry, was a tribute to Father Junipero Serra and featured prominent citizens of Carmel in its cast, such as Frederick R. Bechdolt and Grant Wallace. Around twenty-five thousand individuals attended these performances.{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-junipero-serr/139632208/|title=Carmel Pageant See at Fair Days of Missions Are Portrayed|work=The San Francisco Examiner|place=San Francisco, California|date=July 31, 1915|page=6|access-date=January 26, 2024}}

File:La Playa Hotel, ca. 1906.jpg, founded in 1913, is one of Carmel's oldest establishments.]]

In 1925, Paul Aiken Flanders built the Flanders Mansion and used his home as a model for the Hatton Fields subdivision.{{cite web|last=Seavey |first=Kent L. |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Outlands in the Eighty Acres |url={{NRHP url|id=89000228}} |publisher=National Park Service |date=August 1988 |access-date=February 5, 2022}}{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94299711/paul-falnders/ |title=Easter Brings Eastbay Folk to Art Colony |work=Oakland Tribune|place=Oakland, California|date=April 12, 1925|page=21 |access-date=February 5, 2022}} The City of Carmel purchased the Flanders Mansion and adjoining {{convert|14.9|acre}} in 1972, from the Flanders heirs for US$275,000 ({{Inflation|US|275000|1972|fmt=eq}}). It has become part of the {{convert|34|acre|adj=on}} Mission Trail Nature Preserve.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94299711/paul-falnders/|title=Easter Brings Eastbay Folk to Art Colony|work=Oakland Tribune|place=Oakland, California|date=April 12, 1925|page=21|access-date=February 5, 2022|archive-date=February 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205224301/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94299711/paul-falnders/|url-status=live}}

In 1932, the city developed the Devendorf Park that occupies the block of Ocean Avenue and Junipero Street. The city park is Carmel's central gathering place for outdoor events.{{cite web|last1=Grimes|first1=Teresa|last2=Heumann|first2=Leslie|url=https://ci.carmel.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/final_updated_carmel_historic_context_statement_091208-b.pdf?1510262312 |title=Historic Context Statement Carmel-by-the-Sea|work=Leslie Heumann and Associates1994|access-date=January 18, 2022}}

File:Carmel Beach May 2013 (cropped).JPG viewed from the beach]]

Carmel is located on the Monterey Peninsula, situated on the southern portion of Monterey Bay, on the Central Coast of California.

Carmel Pinnacles State Marine Reserve, Carmel Bay State Marine Conservation Area, Point Lobos State Marine Reserve and Point Lobos State Marine Conservation Area are marine protected areas in the waters around Carmel.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

Carmel-by-the-Sea is situated in a moderate seismic risk zone, the principal threats being the San Andreas Fault, which is approximately thirty miles northeast, and the Palo Colorado Fault which traces offshore through the Pacific Ocean several miles away. More minor potentially active faults nearby are the Church Creek Fault and the San Francisquito Fault.Spangle, 1975

File:Carmel Point at Scenic Road.jpg]]

Carmel-by-the-Sea experiences a cool summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb) normal in coastal areas of California. Summers are typically mild, with overcast mornings produced by marine layer clouds which can bring drizzles that typically give way to clear skies in the afternoon.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

September and October (Indian summer) offer the most pleasant weather of the year,{{Cite NIE |wstitle= Indian Summer |volume=X | page = 581 |short= 1}} with an average high of {{convert|72|°F}}. The wet season is from October to May.

Average annual rainfall in Carmel-by-the-Sea is {{convert|20|in|mm|-2}} per year, and the average temperature is {{convert|57|°F}}.

{{Weather box

|location = Carmel-by-the-Sea

|single line = Y

|Jan high C = 15.6

|Feb high C = 16.1

|Mar high C = 17.8

|Apr high C = 18.3

|May high C = 19.4

|Jun high C = 20.0

|Jul high C = 21.1

|Aug high C = 21.7

|Sep high C = 21.1

|Oct high C = 17.8

|Nov high C = 16.7

|Dec high C = 15.6

|year high C = 18.4

|Jan low C = 6.1

|Feb low C = 7.2

|Mar low C = 8.3

|Apr low C = 8.9

|May low C = 10.0

|Jun low C = 11.1

|Jul low C = 11.7

|Aug low C = 11.7

|Sep low C = 10.6

|Oct low C = 8.3

|Nov low C = 7.8

|Dec low C = 6.1

|year low C = 9.0

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation inch = 4.19

|Feb precipitation inch = 3.75

|Mar precipitation inch = 3.53

|Apr precipitation inch = 1.48

|May precipitation inch = 0.50

|Jun precipitation inch = 0.20

|Jul precipitation inch = 0.09

|Aug precipitation inch = 0.11

|Sep precipitation inch = 0.28

|Oct precipitation inch = 1.06

|Nov precipitation inch = 2.43

|Dec precipitation inch = 2.73

|year precipitation inch = 20.35

|source 1 ={{cite web |url=http://www.intellicast.com/local/history.aspx?location=USCA9879 |title=Carmel-by-the-Sea historic weather averages |access-date=February 12, 2010 |publisher=Intellicast |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605124227/http://www.intellicast.com/local/history.aspx?location=USCA9879 |archive-date=June 5, 2011 }}

|date=August 2010

}}

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| image1 = L’Auberge Carmel lodge.jpg

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| footer = A building in Carmel

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Carmel has historically pursued a strategy of planned development to enhance its natural coastal beauty and to retain its character, which the city's general plan describes as "a village in a forest overlooking a white sand beach".{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} Carmel-by-the-Sea was incorporated in 1916 and by 1925 it adopted a vision of its future as "primarily, essentially and predominantly a residential community" (Carmel-by-the-Sea City Council, 1929).

New buildings must be built around existing trees and new trees are required on lots that are deemed to have an inadequate number.{{Cite news |last=Pridgen |first=Andrew |date=April 15, 2023 |title=After wild winter, Carmel reconsiders its relationship with its trees |url=https://www.sfgate.com/centralcoast/article/carmel-reviews-tree-laws-after-wild-winter-17897683.php |access-date=April 16, 2023 |work=SFGATE |language=en-US}}

The one-square-mile village has no street lights or parking meters.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/25/travel/25hours.html?bl&ex=1233032400&en=11a2bd70cd486544&ei=5087%0A|title=36 Hours in Carmel-by-the-Sea|last=Gross|first=Jaime|date=January 25, 2009|newspaper=NY Times|access-date=February 9, 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531015343/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/25/travel/25hours.html?bl&ex=1233032400&en=11a2bd70cd486544&ei=5087%0A|archive-date=May 31, 2013}} In addition, the businesses, cottages and houses have no street numbers.{{cite web |last1=Drost |first1=Philip |title=A city in California has no house numbers. Here's why they're finally addressing it |url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/carmel-no-addresses-1.7091347 |website=CBC Radio |access-date=January 23, 2024 |date=January 22, 2024}}

{{US Census population

|1920= 638

|1930= 2260

|1940= 2837

|1950= 4351

|1960= 4580

|1970= 4525

|1980= 4707

|1990= 4239

|2000= 4081

|2010= 3722

|2020= 3220

|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015|archive-date=March 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321050514/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|url-status=live}}

}}

File:Carmelite Monastery (3305321917) (cropped).jpg Convent of Our Lady and St. Teresa of Ávila]]

The 2010 United States Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0611250|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA – Carmel-by-the-Sea city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210164120/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0611250|archive-date=December 10, 2014}} reported that Carmel-by-the-Sea had a population of 3,722. The population density was {{convert|3,445.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Carmel-by-the-Sea was 3,464 (93.1%) White, 11 (0.3%) African American, 8 (0.2%) Native American, 111 (3.0%) Asian, 6 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 45 (1.2%) from other races, and 77 (2.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 174 persons (4.7%).

The Census reported that 3,722 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 2,095 households, out of which 254 (12.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 831 (39.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 138 (6.6%) had a female householder with no husband present, 50 (2.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 81 (3.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 20 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 934 households (44.6%) were made up of individuals, and 471 (22.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.78. There were 1,019 families (48.6% of all households); the average family size was 2.39.

File:Cenotafio Serra 09.JPG of St. Junípero Serra]]

The population was spread out, with 381 people (10.2%) under the age of 18, 114 people (3.1%) aged 18 to 24, 544 people (14.6%) aged 25 to 44, 1,355 people (36.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,328 people (35.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 59.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 77.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.9 males.

There were 3,417 housing units at an average density of {{convert|3,163.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 1,182 (56.4%) were owner-occupied, and 913 (43.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 5.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.8%. 2,198 people (59.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,524 people (40.9%) lived in rental housing units.

File:Sunset Center outside patio (cropped).jpg is home of the Carmel Bach Festival]]

In 1907, Carmel's first cultural center and theatre, the Carmel Arts and Crafts Clubhouse, was built. Poets Austin and Sterling performed their "private theatricals" there. By 1913, The Arts and Crafts Club had begun organizing lessons for aspiring painters, actors, and craftsmen.Monica Hudson, Carmel-By-The-Sea, Arcadia Publishing, 2006

As theatrical activities grew, two competing indoor theatres were built between 1922 and 1924: the Arts & Crafts Hall and the Theatre of the Golden Bough, designed and built by Edward G. Kuster and originally located on Ocean Avenue. In 1935, after a production of By Candlelight, the Golden Bough was destroyed by fire. Kuster, who had previously bought out the Arts and Crafts Theatre, moved his operation to the older facility and renamed it the Golden Bough Playhouse. In 1949, after remounting By Candlelight, the playhouse again burned to the ground. It was rebuilt and reopened in 1952.

Image:George Sterling by Arnold Genthe.jpg helped establish the arts colony in Carmel and is credited with making the town famous.{{cite journal |last=O'Day |first=Edward F. |date=December 1927 |title=1869–1926 |journal=Overland Monthly |volume=LXXXV |issue=12 |pages=357–359}}]]

In 1931, the Carmel Sunset School constructed a new auditorium, complete with Gothic-inspired architecture, with seating for 700. Often doubling as a performing arts venue for the community, the facility was bought by the City of Carmel-by-the-Sea in 1964, renaming the venue the Sunset Theatre. In 2003, following a $22 million renovation, the Sunset Center re-opened with the 66th annual Carmel Bach Festival.{{cite web |author=SunStar Media |url=http://www.carmelcalifornia.com/index.cfm/carmel_performing_arts.htm |title=Carmel Performing Arts | Carmel-by-the-Sea, California |publisher=Carmelcalifornia.com |access-date=January 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427115549/http://www.carmelcalifornia.com/index.cfm/carmel_performing_arts.htm |archive-date=April 27, 2013 }}

In 1949, the first Forest Theater Guild was organized. For most of the 1960s, the outdoor theater lay unused and neglected, with the original Forest Theater Guild having ceased operations in 1961.{{cite news | url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2011/08/03/carmel_forest_theater.DTL&ao=2 | work=SFGate | title=Forest Theater a 'bohemian grove' for Shakespeare fans – Page 2 of 2 | date=August 2, 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310130333/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fg%2Fa%2F2011%2F08%2F03%2Fcarmel_forest_theater.DTL | archive-date=March 10, 2012 | df=mdy-all }} In 1968, Marcia Hovick's Children's Experimental Theater leased the indoor theater and continued until 2010. In 1972, a new Forest Theater Guild was incorporated and continues to produce musicals, adding a film series in 1997.

File:Tor House, Carmel, California.jpg was built by poet Robinson Jeffers in 1919 and served as his home until 1962.]]

In 1905, novelist Mary Austin moved to Carmel.{{cite web |title=Mary Austin: The Land of Little Rain |url=http://cla.calpoly.edu/~SMARX/courses/380/Austin/Austinnotes.html |website=College of Liberal Arts |publisher=California Polytechnic State University |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630205924/http://cla.calpoly.edu/~SMARX/courses/380/Austin/Austinnotes.html |archive-date=June 30, 2012 |url-status=unfit}}{{cbignore|bot=InternetArchiveBot}} She is best known for her tribute to the deserts of the American Southwest, The Land of Little Rain. Her play, Fire, which she also directed, had its world premiere at the Forest Theater in 1913. Austin has been credited as suggesting the idea for the outdoor stage.{{cite web |last1=McClendon |first1=Rose |title=History of the Forest Theater |url=http://www.foresttheaterfoundation.org/history-of-the-outdoor-forest-theater.html |website=Forest Theater Foundation |access-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922233701/http://www.foresttheaterfoundation.org/history-of-the-outdoor-forest-theater.html |url-status=live }}

In 1906, San Francisco photographer Arnold Genthe joined the Carmel arts colony, where he was able to pursue his pioneering work in color photography. His first attempts were taken in his garden, primarily portraits of his friends, including the leading Shakespearean actor and actress of the period, Edward Sothern and Julia Marlowe, who were costumed as Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Of his new residence, he wrote, "My first trials with this medium were made at Carmel where the cypresses and rocks of Point Lobos, the always varying sunsets and the intriguing shadows of the sand dunes offered a rich field for color experiments."{{rp|p88-90}}

According to the Library of Congress, where over 18,000 of his negatives and prints are on file, Genthe "became famous for his impressionistic portrayals of society women, artists, dancers, and theater personalities."{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/coll/092.html |title=Arnold Genthe Collection (Prints and Photographs Reading Room, Library of Congress) |publisher=Loc.gov |date=October 22, 2010 |access-date=January 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107200653/http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/coll/092.html |archive-date=January 7, 2014 }}

Photographer Edward Weston moved to Carmel in 1929 and shot the first of numerous nature photographs, many set at Point Lobos, on the south side of Carmel Bay. In 1936, Weston became the first photographer to receive a Guggenheim Fellowship for his work in experimental photography. In 1948, after the onset of Parkinson's disease, he took his last photograph, an image of Point Lobos.{{cite web |url=http://www.edward-weston.com/edward_weston_biography.htm |title=Edward Weston Biography |access-date=September 23, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929001203/http://www.edward-weston.com/edward_weston_biography.htm |archive-date=September 29, 2009 }} Weston had traveled extensively with legendary photographer Ansel Adams, who moved to the Carmel Highlands in 1962, a few miles south of town.{{cite web |url=http://www.zpub.com/sf/history/aa_chronology.html |title=Ansel Adams: A Chronology |publisher=Zpub.com |date=January 14, 2002 |access-date=January 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014182209/http://www.zpub.com/sf/history/aa_chronology.html |archive-date=October 14, 2013 }}

Carmel is a general law city governed by a mayor and four city council members.{{cite web|title=Carmel-by-the-Sea Government|url=http://ci.carmel.ca.us/carmel/index.cfm/government/|publisher=City of Carmel-by-the-Sea|access-date=October 12, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730112427/http://ci.carmel.ca.us/carmel/index.cfm/government/|archive-date=July 30, 2012}}{{cite web |title=Carmel-by-the-Sea Elected Officials |url=https://ci.carmel.ca.us/city-council |access-date= |website=City of Carmel |publisher=City of Carmel-by-the-Sea}} The current mayor is Dale Byrne. Elected councilmembers are Mayor Pro Tem Robert Delves, Jeff Baron, Alissandra Dramov and Hans Buder.{{cite web|title=City Councilmembers|url=http://ci.carmel.ca.us/carmel/index.cfm/government/elected-officials/city-council-members/|publisher=City of Carmel-by-the-Sea|access-date=October 12, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512150932/http://ci.carmel.ca.us/carmel/index.cfm/government/elected-officials/city-council-members/|archive-date=May 12, 2012}} Chip Rerig is the City Administrator and Brandon Swanson is the Assistant City Administrator.{{Cite web |last=Colón |first=Brisa |date=October 2, 2023 |title=Carmel-by-the Sea city administrator under scrutiny following scuffle |url=https://www.ksbw.com/article/carmel-by-the-sea-city-administrator-under-scrutiny-following-scuffle/45418886 |access-date=October 3, 2023 |website=KSBW |language=en-US}}{{Cite web|url=http://ci.carmel.ca.us/carmel/index.cfm/government/staff-departments/|title=Staff & Departments|publisher=City of Carmel|access-date=January 7, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205080706/http://ci.carmel.ca.us/carmel/index.cfm/government/staff-departments/|archive-date=February 5, 2015}}

The City of Carmel-by-the-Sea has established a "sphere of influence" that includes the communities of Carmel Woods, Hatton Fields, Mission Fields, Mission Tract, Carmel Point, and Carmel Hills. These neighborhoods are officially parts of unincorporated Monterey County, which provides most primary services, including law enforcement, street repairs, and public transit. Except for several shopping areas at the mouth of Carmel Valley, these satellite areas contain few, if any, businesses and serve primarily as bedroom communities to Carmel-by-the-Sea and the greater Monterey Peninsula.{{cite web |title=City of Carmel-by-the-Sea 2011 Municipal Service and Sphere of Influence Review |date=January 24, 2011 |page=8 |publisher=Local Agency Formation Commission of Monterey County |access-date=August 31, 2016 |url=http://www.monterey.lafco.ca.gov/2013/MSRs%20&%20Maps%20for%20Web%20Nov%207/Cities/Carmel%20MSR%20-%20Sphere%20Review%20Adopted%20012411a.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831214254/http://www.monterey.lafco.ca.gov/2013/MSRs%20%26%20Maps%20for%20Web%20Nov%207/Cities/Carmel%20MSR%20-%20Sphere%20Review%20Adopted%20012411a.pdf |archive-date=August 31, 2016 }}

File:Carmel-by-the-Sea World War I Memorial Arch (cropped).jpg

In July 2024, Carmel-by-the-Sea City Council voted to establish street addresses for the first time in the city.{{cite news|title=Carmel-by-the-Sea, a town with no addresses, says the time has come to add house numbers|newspaper=L.A. Times|first=Hailey|last=Branson-Potts|date=July 20, 2024|access-date=October 3, 2024|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-07-20/carmel-by-the-sea-town-with-no-addresses-will-add-house-numbers}} There remains no home mail-delivery in Carmel-by-the-Sea (by contrast with adjacent, "county-Carmel" residential districts).{{cite news|title=For Carmel-by-the-Sea, No Home Mail Delivery|newspaper=The Washington Post|first=Brian|last=Bergstein|date=November 19, 2000|access-date=March 8, 2018|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/11/19/for-carmel-by-the-sea-no-home-mail-delivery/ca111d6c-4e20-40b8-8a49-ba49d03b60f7/|archive-date=March 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309182918/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/11/19/for-carmel-by-the-sea-no-home-mail-delivery/ca111d6c-4e20-40b8-8a49-ba49d03b60f7/|url-status=live}}

File:Cypress Inn front entrances (cropped).jpg (today known as the Cypress Inn), built in 1929]]Argyll Campbell served as city attorney of Carmel from 1920 to 1937. He was responsible for drawing up many of Carmel's first zoning laws and ordinances. Campbell backed zoning ordinances that limited the business district and restricting the size of residential houses and lots. No sidewalks in the residential area, no streetlights, no commercial development on the beach, preservation of the native trees, one or two stories height limitation, no chain restaurants, and no billboards. These ordinances have helped preserve Carmel's character as a village.{{cite book|last1=Gilliam|first1=Harold |last2=Gilliam |first2= Ann|publisher= Peregrine Smith Books|place=Salt Lake City|title=Creating Carmel: The Enduring Vision |date=1992|url=https://archive.org/details/creatingcarmelen00gill/page/184/mode/2up?q=%22Argyll+Campbell%22|pages=16, 185–186|isbn= 9780879053970 |access-date=March 21, 2022}}

File:Carmel Fire Station, Carmel-by-the-Sea.jpg

On the Monterey County Board of Supervisors, Carmel is represented by Supervisor Mary Adams.{{cite web|title=Monterey County Supervisorial District 5 Map (North District 5) |url=http://www.co.monterey.ca.us/cob/sup_maps/district5-1.pdf |publisher=County of Monterey |access-date=September 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701050525/http://www.co.monterey.ca.us/cob/sup_maps/district5-1.pdf |archive-date=July 1, 2012 }}

In the California State Assembly, Carmel is in {{Representative|caad|29|fmt=adistrict}}. In the California State Senate, Carmel in {{Representative|casd|17|fmt=sdistrict}}.

In the United States House of Representatives, Carmel is in California's 19th Congressional District, represented by Democrat Jimmy Panetta.

Carmel is served by the Carmel Unified School District,{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st06_ca/schooldistrict_maps/c06053_monterey/DC20SD_C06053.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Monterey County, CA|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 24, 2023}} which operates nearby schools including Carmel High School, Carmel Middle School, Tularcitos Elementary School {{cite web |url=http://www.carmelunified.org/tularcitos/site/default.asp |title=Tularcitos Elementary School / Overview |publisher=Carmelunified.org |access-date=January 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211012258/http://www.carmelunified.org/tularcitos/site/default.asp |archive-date=February 11, 2013 }} and Carmel River School.

File:The Goold Building in Carmel, California.jpg, home of the Carmel Pine Cone from 1970 to 2000]]

File:Draper Leidig Building (front view).jpg, built 1929]]

The Californian,{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/ccarm_007183 | title=The Californian 1937-12-01 | date=December 1937 | publisher=Bunch, E. F. }} formerly The Carmel Sun,{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/ccarm_007926 | title=Carmel Sun 1933-12-14 | date=December 14, 1933 | publisher=Bunch, E. F. }} was published weekly in 1936-1937 by E.F. Bunch in Carmel-By-The-Sea.{{cite web | url=https://www.loc.gov/item/sn95061943/ | title=The Californian (Carmel-By-The-Sea, Calif.) 193?-19?? | website=Library of Congress }}

{{See also|Media in Monterey County, California}}

The Carmel Pine Cone is the town's weekly newspaper and has been published since 1915, covering local news, politics, arts, entertainment, opinions and real estate.Carmel Pine Cone. [http://www.pineconearchive.com/ Archive] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304220226/http://www.pineconearchive.com/ |date=March 4, 2009 }}

In February 2009, Carmel was used as a prime location for the 24-day film shoot of The Forger.{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2009/film/news/hutcherson-rounds-out-carmel-cast-1117999405/|title=Hutcherson rounds out 'Carmel' cast|last=McNary|first=Dave|date=February 1, 2009|publisher=Variety|access-date=January 10, 2010}}

File:Carmel-by-the-Sea-Ocean-Ave-Shopping-2-Corrected.jpg

Carmel-by-the-Sea lacks traffic lights in order to preserve the city's residential character.{{cite web |title=General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan |url=https://ci.carmel.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/circulation_cc_and_ccc_adopted_1-10.pdf |website=City of Carmel |access-date=July 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201093327/https://ci.carmel.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/circulation_cc_and_ccc_adopted_1-10.pdf |archive-date=February 1, 2022 |date=January 2010 |quote=This situation is compounded by the fact that there are no traffic signals in Carmel. The lack of traffic controls has been a specific directed action over the years in Carmel in order to preserve the residential character; although additional stop signs have been added in some locations to improve safety. |url-status=live}}

Bus service is provided by Monterey County's Monterey–Salinas Transit. Carmel is one of the Cities connected by Route 5 and serves as a final Major stop before terminating at Carmel Rancho.{{Cite web |title=Regional {{!}} Monterey-Salinas Transit |url=https://mst.org/regional/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=mst.org}}

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

• Jean Arthur, actress{{cite news |title=Acclaimed comedy actress, mother in "Shane," Jean Arthur |url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1991/06/20/acclaimed-comedy-actress-mother-in-shane-jean-arthur/ |access-date=September 9, 2021 |work=Tampa Bay Times |date=October 13, 2005 |archive-date=September 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909001035/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1991/06/20/acclaimed-comedy-actress-mother-in-shane-jean-arthur/ |url-status=live }}
• Barbara Babcock, actress{{cite web|title=Barbara Babcock|website=IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0044823/bio|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901234534/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0044823/bio|archive-date=September 1, 2012|access-date=October 10, 2012}}
• Ian Bohen, actor
• Doris Day, actress, singer
• Clint Eastwood, actor, film director,{{cite news|author=Wilner, Paul|date=December 5, 2010|title=Clint Eastwood has found a home in Carmel area|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/12/03/TRO31G0S8Q.DTL|url-status=live|access-date=May 28, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518153745/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2010%2F12%2F03%2FTRO31G0S8Q.DTL|archive-date=May 18, 2012}} mayor of Carmel 1986–1988
• Joan Fontaine, actress
• Brodie Greer, actor{{cite web|last=Taylor|first=Dennis L.|date=September 19, 2015|title=From 'CHiPs" to Carmel volleyball coach|url=https://www.montereyherald.com/2015/09/19/from-chips-to-carmel-volleyball-coach/|access-date=January 25, 2019|website=montereyherald.com|archive-date=January 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126113857/https://www.montereyherald.com/2015/09/19/from-chips-to-carmel-volleyball-coach/|url-status=live}}
• Craig Kilborn, entertainer, talk show host, comedian
• Sondra Locke (1944–2018), actress, film director"Carmel natives protect their popular dweller". Jeanne Wright, Argus-Leader, May 30, 1989
• Stephen Moorer, founder/actor with Pacific Repertory Theatre{{cite news |work=Carmel Pine Cone |date=September 7, 2007 |title=Play explores power struggle between 16th century queen and her cousin |url=http://www.pineconearchive.com/070907PCA.pdf|url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715083956/http://www.pineconearchive.com/070907PCA.pdf |archive-date=July 15, 2011 |access-date=September 8, 2021 }}
• Brad Pitt, actor, film producer{{cite news |last1=Chamings |first1=Andrew |title=Here's what we know about the stunning clifftop California castle Brad Pitt just bought for $40 million |url=https://www.sfgate.com/centralcoast/article/brad-pitt-buys-california-clifftop-castle-17329767.php |access-date=October 29, 2024 |work=SFGate |date=July 26, 2022}}
• Jared Safier, Director & Producer
• Dick Sargent (1930–1994), actor{{cite web|title=Bewitched Beography: Dick Sargent — Bewitched @ Harpies Bizarre|url=http://www.harpiesbizarre.com/beography-ds.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405100935/http://www.harpiesbizarre.com/beography-ds.htm|archive-date=April 5, 2014|access-date=January 7, 2014|publisher=Harpiesbizarre.com}}
• Jeremy Sumpter, actor
• Betty White (1922–2021), actress{{Cite web |last=Jakiel |first=Olivia |date=April 26, 2022 |title=Betty White's Carmel, Calif. Beach House of 40 Years Sells — for Nearly $3M Over Asking Price |url=https://people.com/home/betty-whites-stunning-carmel-calif-beach-house-of-more-than-40-years-listed-for-nearly-8-million/ |access-date=April 27, 2022 |website=PEOPLE.com |language=en}}

• Joseph Costello, businessman{{cite web|title=Divorce, Executive Style: Companies are getting dragged into an arena of fierce combat |url=http://www.businessweek.com/1998/31/b3589001.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211043847/http://www.businessweek.com/1998/31/b3589001.htm|archive-date=December 11, 2008|access-date=March 27, 2009}} 08/03/98 Divorce, Executive Style
• Ingemar Henry Lundquist, inventor and mechanical engineer, most notable for inventing over-the-wire balloon angioplasty
• Hugh W. Comstock, Carmel designer and builder{{cite book|last=Seavey |first=Kent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vsfoKsxi4q4C&q=Comstock|title=Carmel, A History in Architecture|work=Arcadia Pub. |place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|date=2007|page=114|isbn=9780738547053 |access-date=January 16, 2022 }}
• Michael J. Murphy Carmel builder and businessman

• Saul Alinsky, community activist, writer and political theorist.
• Sam Farr, U.S. Congressman{{cite web|title=Carmelhighalumni.org|url=http://www.carmelhighalumni.org/classwebsites.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630012739/http://www.carmelhighalumni.org/classwebsites.html|archive-date=June 30, 2014|access-date=January 7, 2014|publisher=Carmelhighalumni.org}}
• Harvey Hancock, Richard Nixon's campaign manager, 1949–1952Earl Warren Oral History Project. 1975. https://archive.org/details/nixonwarrenera00rfryrich
• Daniel W. Hand, US Army brigadier general{{cite news |date=September 29, 1945 |title=Gen. Hand Dies At Letterman |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/115299513/obituary-for-daniel-w-hand/ |work=San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA |page=13 |via=Newspapers.com |ref={{sfnRef|"Gen. Hand Dies At Letterman"}}}}
• Caleb V. Haynes, USAF general
• Anne Henrietta Martin, first American woman to run for the United States Senate{{cite book|last=Capace|first=Nancy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oLd4nCEMbpUC&pg=PA128|title=Encyclopedia of Nevada|publisher=North American Book Dist LLC|year=2001|isbn=978-0-403-09611-4|pages=126–129|access-date=September 20, 2016|archive-date=June 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603053043/https://books.google.com/books?id=oLd4nCEMbpUC&pg=PA128|url-status=live}}
• Jeannette Rankin, first female U.S. Congresswoman{{cite encyclopedia|title=Jeannette Rankin (1880–1973)|url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-3377|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525033405/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-3377|archive-date=May 25, 2013|access-date=January 7, 2014|encyclopedia=New Georgia Encyclopedia}}
• Walter S. Schuyler, U.S. Army brigadier general{{cite book |last=West Point Association of Graduates |date=1932 |title=Sixty-third Annual Report |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xsqgAAAAMAAJ |location=Newburgh, NY |publisher=Moore Printing Company |pages=77–85 |via=Google Books |access-date=June 6, 2021 |archive-date=June 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605165039/https://books.google.com/books?id=xsqgAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
• Joseph Stilwell, U.S. Army general{{cite web|date=November 30, 2006|title=General Joseph W. Stilwell and Dr. William B. Bettus|url=http://www.cgu.edu/pages/3358.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422025828/http://www.cgu.edu/pages/3358.asp|archive-date=April 22, 2014|access-date=January 7, 2014|publisher=Cgu.edu}}

• Erroll Garner, jazz pianist
• Carrie Lucas, R&B singer[http://www.mspot.com/artist/Carrie+Lucas+And+The+Whispers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222102703/http://www.mspot.com/artist/Carrie%2BLucas%2BAnd%2BThe%2BWhispers|date=December 22, 2015}}
• Michael Nesmith, musician, songwriter and filmmaker{{cite web|date=March 5, 2011|title=Secret life of Mike Nesmith, the missing Monkee – 3am & Mirror Online|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2011/03/05/secret-life-of-mike-nesmith-the-missing-monkee-115875-22966741/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109072847/http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2011/03/05/secret-life-of-mike-nesmith-the-missing-monkee-115875-22966741/|archive-date=January 9, 2012|access-date=January 7, 2014|publisher=Mirror.co.uk}}

• Francis Fukuyama, political scientist
• David R. Goddard, plant physiologist
• Alison Murray, biochemist and Antarctic researcher
• Ira Remsen, chemist
• Philip Schwyzer, a Shakespeare scholar

• Andrew Franks, NFL kicker
• Scott Fujita, NFL linebacker
• Atlee Hammaker, former pitcher for the San Francisco Giants.
• Brita Sigourney, Olympian and freestyle skier
• Bob Wartinger, powerboat world champion
• Kerry Woodson, professional baseball player{{cite web|title=1990 San Bernardino Spirit Best #25 – Kerry Woodson|url=http://www.comc.com/Cards/Baseball/1990/San_Bernardino_Spirit_Best/25/Kerry_Woodson/3062107|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219003544/http://www.comc.com/Cards/Baseball/1990/San_Bernardino_Spirit_Best/25/Kerry_Woodson/3062107|archive-date=December 19, 2013|access-date=January 7, 2014|publisher=COMC}}

• Ansel Adams, photographer{{cite magazine |magazine=Carmel Magazine |last=Coyle |first=Catrina |title=Ansel Adams: Devoted Preservationist A Visionary California Artist |date=Summer 2010 |url=https://carmelmagazine.com/archive/10su/ansel-adams |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141210191037/http://www.carmelmagazine.com/archive/10su/ansel-adams.shtml |archive-date=December 10, 2014 |access-date=December 10, 2014 }}
• Gus Arriola, cartoonist{{cite web|title=Benjamin Franklin Press|url=http://benjaminfranklinpress.com/carmelstory.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819092236/http://benjaminfranklinpress.com/carmelstory.htm|archive-date=August 19, 2013|access-date=January 7, 2014|publisher=Benjamin Franklin Press}}
• Jennie V. Cannon, Artist, author,{{cite web | url=https://berkeleyplaques.org/e-plaque/jennie-v-cannon/ | title=Berkeley Historical Plaque Project Berkeley Historical Plaque ProjectHonoring Berkeley's History since 1997Cannon, Jennie V. – Artist }}
• Wah Ming Chang, Hollywood artist, designer/sculptor, Oscar winner
• Eldon Dedini, cartoonist
• Eyvind Earle, artist, author, and illustrator
• Arnold Genthe, photographer
• Pauline Gibling Schindler, arts editor{{Cite web |work=Carmel Residents Association News

|title=Pauline Schindler and The Carmelite: Two Meteors in Carmel's Orbit |url=https://www.carmelresidents.org/newsletter/ |date=November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025220817/http://www.carmelresidents.org/News/CRANews2012_11_12.pdf |archive-date=October 25, 2014}}

• Charles Sumner Greene, architect and artist
• Paul Blaine Henrie, artist
• Hank Ketcham, cartoonist
• Xavier Martínez, painter
• William Frederic Ritschel, painter
• Esther Rose, Western artist
• John Edward Walker (1880–1940) California Impressionist painter.{{Cite web|title=John Edward Walker - Biography|url=https://www.askart.com/artist/John_Edward_Walker/105019/John_Edward_Walker.aspx|access-date=July 7, 2020|website=AskArt.com|archive-date=July 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180107/https://www.askart.com/artist/John_Edward_Walker/105019/John_Edward_Walker.aspx|url-status=live}}
• Edward Weston, photographer{{Cite web|title=Wildcat Hill|url=http://www.kimweston.com/wildcat_hill/wildcat_hill.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201195548/http://www.kimweston.com/wildcat_hill/wildcat_hill.htm|archive-date=December 1, 2010}}
• Francis Whitaker, Carmel blacksmith artist, Forge in the Forest prior 1962{{cite web|title=National Endowment for the Arts Heritage Fellow|url=https://www.arts.gov/honors/heritage/fellows/francis-whitaker|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005114254/https://www.arts.gov/honors/heritage/fellows/francis-whitaker|archive-date=October 5, 2016}}
• Steven Whyte, sculptor{{cite web |title=Carmel's Steven Whyte: making it big as a sculptor |url=http://www.sfgate.com/travel/centralcoasting/article/Carmel-s-Steven-Whyte-making-it-big-as-a-6657927.php |date=November 27, 2015 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130060718/https://www.sfgate.com/travel/centralcoasting/article/Carmel-s-Steven-Whyte-making-it-big-as-a-6657927.php |archive-date=November 30, 2015 |access-date=May 16, 2021 |work=SFGate |last=May |first=Meredith }}{{cbignore}}
• Shirley Williamson (1875–1944) California Impressionist painter.{{Cite book|last=Hughes|first=Eda Milton|title=Artists in California 1786–1940, II|publisher=Bruan-Brumfield Inc|year=1989|isbn=0961611219|location=Ann Arbor, MI|pages=546, 608}}

• Mary Hunter Austin, novelist{{cite web |title=Carmel Residents Association Newsletter May 2008 |url=http://www.carmelresidents.org/News0805.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107173503/http://www.carmelresidents.org/News0805.html |archive-date=January 7, 2014 |access-date=January 7, 2014|publisher=Carmelresidents.org}}
• Eric Berne, psychiatrist and author{{cite web|title=Biography of Eric Berne, Psychiatrist and Author of Games People Play|url=http://www.ericberne.com/eric_berne_biography/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107173311/http://www.ericberne.com/eric_berne_biography/|archive-date=January 7, 2014|access-date=January 7, 2014|publisher=Ericberne.com}}
• Gelett Burgess, humorist, author{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/85081/Gelett-Burgess|title=Gelett Burgess (American humorist)|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=September 17, 1951|access-date=January 7, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107173000/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/85081/Gelett-Burgess|archive-date=January 7, 2014}}
• Meg Cabot, author, wrote The Mediator series, staged in Carmel
• Beverly Cleary, author, notable books including fictional characters such as Ramona Quimby and Henry Huggins (1915–2021){{cite web|date=December 4, 2013|title=Barnes & Noble.com – Meet the Writers|url=http://www.barnesandnoble.com/writers/writer.asp?cid=980622|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115163344/http://www.barnesandnoble.com/writers/writer.asp?cid=980622|archive-date=January 15, 2014|access-date=January 7, 2014|publisher=Barnesandnoble.com}}{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/beverly-cleary-dead-c3923a8fbbcd461a10ea615c7d1300a9|title=Beloved children's author Beverly Cleary dies at 104|website=Associated Press|date=April 20, 2021|access-date=April 12, 2021|archive-date=April 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412162010/https://apnews.com/article/beverly-cleary-dead-c3923a8fbbcd461a10ea615c7d1300a9|url-status=live}}
• Charlie Fern, former White House speech writer, journalist
• Colin Fletcher, writer
• Nora May French, poet
• Robert A. Heinlein, author
• Darrell Huff, author, writer, architect{{cite book|last=Steele, Steele|first=J. Michael|url=http://www-stat.wharton.upenn.edu/~steele/Publications/PDF/SteeleSS2005.pdf|title=Darrell Huff and Fifty Years of How to Lie with Statistics|publisher=Carmel News Co.|year=2005|volume=20|pages=205–209|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203151429/http://www-stat.wharton.upenn.edu/~steele/Publications/PDF/SteeleSS2005.pdf|archive-date=February 3, 2015|url-status=live|issue=3}}
• Robinson Jeffers, poet
• Christopher Kasparek, writer, translator, physician
• Anna Kavan, British novelist
• Charlotte Hoffman Kellogg (1874–1960), author and social activist who befriended Marie Curie and accompanied her to the U.S. in 1921.Kellogg, Charlotte. Carmel, California. An intimate picture of Madame Curie. From diary notes covering a friendship of fifteen years. 1p. From the [http://marklogic.lib.uchicago.edu:8002/view.xqy?id=ICU.SPCL.SCHAFFNER&c=f Joseph Halle Schaffner collection in the history of science]{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, 1642–1961., Special Collections, University of Chicago Library.
• Sinclair Lewis, novelist
• Jack London, novelist
• Hugo Schwyzer, writer and feminist
• Upton Sinclair, novelist and social reformer{{cite news |date=October 30, 2020 |title=Central Coast Spotlight: Carmel-by-the-Sea |url=https://www.ksbw.com/article/central-coast-spotlight-carmel-by-the-sea/34538150 |work=KSBW-TV |location=Salinas, CA}}
• George Sterling, poet{{cite web|date=April 27, 2006|title=George and Carrie Sterling and the Havens Family By Elsie Whitaker Martinez|url=http://www.george-sterling.org/articles/George+and+Carrie+Sterling+and+the+Havens+Family|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628132111/http://www.george-sterling.org/articles/George+and+Carrie+Sterling+and+the+Havens+Family|archive-date=June 28, 2014|access-date=January 7, 2014|publisher=George-Sterling.org}}
• Lincoln Steffens, writer{{cite news|date=August 10, 1936|title=Lincoln Steffens, First Muckraker Dies At 70|newspaper=Associated Press|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2pErAAAAIBAJ&pg=3980,3333463&dq=lincoln+steffens&hl=en|access-date=May 10, 2011|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126154559/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2pErAAAAIBAJ&pg=3980,3333463&dq=lincoln+steffens&hl=en|url-status=live}}
• Robert Louis Stevenson, author{{Cite web|title=Library|url=https://ci.carmel.ca.us/library|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312072143/http://www.hm-lib.org/reference/carmelauthors.htm|archive-date=March 12, 2012|website=Library}}
• Henry Meade Williams{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/ccarm_004620/page/n17/mode/2up?q=%22Henry+Meade+Williams%22|title=Obituaries Henry Williams |work=Carmel Pine Cone |place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California |date=May 3, 1984|page=17|access-date=December 26, 2022}}
• Mona WilliamsDetro, John (December 12, 1991). [https://archive.org/details/ccarm_005017/page/n25/mode/2up?q=%22Mona+Goodwyn+Williams%22 "Obituaries"]. Carmel Pine Cone. p. 26. Retrieved 2022-22-26.
• Charis Wilson (Weston), writer, model, and subject of Edward Weston's nude studies.

• Roy Chapman Andrews, naturalist and explorer{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/24006/Roy-Chapman-Andrews |title=Roy Chapman Andrews (American naturalist) – Encyclopedia Britannica |encyclopedia=Britannica.com |date=March 11, 1960 |access-date=January 7, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207232130/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/24006/Roy-Chapman-Andrews |archive-date=December 7, 2013 }}
• Father Junipero Serra, a Roman Catholic Spanish priest, Catholic saint.

{{div col end}}

{{Portal|California}}

• Coastal California
• Timeline of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
• List of school districts in Monterey County, California
• List of tourist attractions in Monterey County, California
• List of Historic Buildings in Carmel-by-the-Sea

{{Reflist}}

• [https://ci.carmel.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/final_updated_carmel_historic_context_statement_091208-b.pdf?1510262312 HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA (1994)]
• Carmel-by-the-Sea City Council Resolution no. 98, 1929
• Carmel-by-the-Sea Municipal Code Chapter 8.44 Permits For Wearing Certain Shoes
• Helen Spangenberg, Yesterday's Artists on the Monterey Peninsula, published by the Monterey Peninsula Museum of Art (1976)
• Herbert B. Blanks, Carmel-by-the-Sea, Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow (Report). City of Carmel-by-the-Sea. 1965
• John Ryan, Kay Ransom et al., City of Carmel-by-the-Sea General Plan prepared for the town of Carmel-by-the-Sea, Clint Eastwood, Mayor, by Earth Metrics Inc., San Mateo, California pursuant to requirements of the State of California (1984)
• Kay Ransom et al., Environmental Impact Report for the Carmel-by-the-Sea General Plan, Prepared for the town of Carmel-by-the-Sea by Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California (1985)
• Marjory Lloyd, History of Carmel (1542–1966), 1966
• Seismic Safety Element of the General Plans of Carmel, Del Rey Oaks, Monterey, Pacific Grove and Seaside, William Spangle & Associates, September 29, 1975

{{Commons category|Carmel-by-the-Sea, California}}

{{Wikivoyage|Carmel (California)|Carmel, California}}

• {{Official website}}

{{Monterey County, California}}

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Category:Cities in Monterey County, California

Category:Populated coastal places in California

Category:Populated places established in 1902

Category:1902 establishments in California

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