Carrington Hospital

Originally known as the Whau Lunatic Asylum the asylum has undergone many name changes over its lifetime.{{cite web |title=Auckland Mental Hospital |url=https://natlib.govt.nz/records/22578675 |website=National Library of New Zealand}} Some of the names include: the Auckland Lunatic Asylum, Avondale Lunatic Asylum, Auckland Mental Hospital and Oakley Hospital.{{cite web |last1=Brunton |first1=Warwick |title=Asylums: staff at Avondale Lunatic Asylum, 1890s (1st of 4) |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/29405/asylums-staff-at-avondale-lunatic-asylum-1890s |website=Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand |publisher=Ministry for Culture & Heritage}}

File:Auckland Lunatic Asylum, Point Chevalier, 1870s.jpg

In 1851 the original "special asylum" for Auckland received public support, and by 1853 Auckland's first asylum was built on the grounds of Auckland HospitalDr P Savage (1967) Centennial of Oakley Hospital Speech However, by 1862 this building was overcrowded and consequently support was sought from the provincial government In September 1863, architectural plans by a Mr Barrett from England were submitted to the Auckland architect James Wrigley who adapted them. Henry White was the builder. John Thomas of Oakley Creek was awarded a brick contract for the building materials, but being unable to complete the contract, it fell on Dr. Pollen to supply the rest of the bricks.{{cite journal|last=Truttman|first=Lisa J. |date=September–October 2006|title=An Unfortunate Brick Maker: John Thomas of Oakley's Creek |journal=Avondale Historical Journal|volume=6|issue=31 |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/16764542/Avondale-Historical-Journal-No-31}} Some of the bricks were produced on-site while others were produced at Dr Pollen's Avondale brickyard. Over 500,000 bricks were used to build the asylum. Pollen supplied 500,000 and George Boyd supplied 50,000 red bricks.{{cite report|page=61|title=The Whau Brickworks and Pottery: Archaeological Excavation of an Early Industrial Ceramic Site (R11/1509) on the Whau Peninsula, Auckland|publisher=Department of Conservation|date=July 1993|isbn=0-4780-1506-2|issn=1171-5251|first1=Simon|last1=Best}} The building was complete in 1866, but it stopped at the left wing of the main hospital because 20,000 pounds had been spent and this was thought adequate for the community at the time. Patients were moved from the Auckland Hospital site to the "new asylum" on 8 March 1867 Dr P Savage (1967) Centennial of Oakley Hospital speech{{bettersourceneeded|date=October 2024|reason=A speech is not an RS}}

After the building was gutted by an 1877 fire, Philip Herapath supervised the reconstruction. From 1869 to 1879, Thomas Aickin served as medical superintendent. In 1879, a new wing to the asylum was under construction and stone for it was mined from nearby Oakley Creek. An estimated two-thousand tons of stone was made available in this exercise through detonation of 16 barrels of gunpowder under a 20-foot deep bed of lava, which created a miniature "earthquake" felt in the surrounding area.{{cite news |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/PBH18790107.2.24|title=Miniature Earthquake at the Whau - Two Thousand Tons Stone Lifted By Electricity|work=Poverty Bay Herald|volume=6|issue=593|date=7 January 1879}} The Crown purchased three allotments at a price of £4,200 to establish a farm for the asylum. It was to provide both food and work for the patients. A piggery was built in the 1880s and a milking shed, hay store, and farm manager's home were constructed {{circa}}1882. In 1889 a news article reported the asylum had an orchard, dairy, and piggery with 50–60 Berkshire crosses.{{cite news |title=A VISIT TO THE AVONDALE ASYLUM |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH18891109.2.62.5 |issue=9518 |publisher=New Zealand Herald|volume=XXVI|page=1}} The dairy shed had a Brutalist extension built on to it during Unitec ownership. This extension won an architectural award. It was later demolished in 2024 for the Carrington housing development.{{cite news |last1=Gibson |first1=Anne |title=Architects mourn loss of award-winning Unitec landscape building |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/architects-mourn-loss-of-award-winning-unitec-landscape-building/5XCC4JV3LFEEPMCARYADLZMXJQ/ |publisher=New Zealand Herald |date=22 April 2024}}

File:Photos 115536 extralarge.jpg

An extra building was constructed in 1884 to house a growing patient population. This building burnt to the ground in 1894 and was replaced with a new building. In the 1920s this new building was known as Oakleigh Hall and was used as a 'parole villa'. The building is now known as Building 048. Other buildings constructed in the 1880s include a boiler room, drying room, and workshop buildings. Later constructions include accommodation for the medical superintendent in 1909, two auxiliary hospital buildings in 1913 and 1915, and the Penman House in 1930.

T. R. King, Medical Superintendent, resigned in 1891 because of ill-health, and was succeeded by Gray Hassell, who had been an administrator at the Wellington Hospital and Wellington Asylum.{{cite book|author=Australasian Medical Association|title=Australasian Medical Gazette: The Journal of the Australasian Branches of the British Medical Association |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IVEDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA93 |access-date=18 November 2012 |edition=Public domain |year=1891|publisher=L. Bruck|pages=93–}}

In December 1900, there were 494 patients—306 males and 188 females. The staff included 31 males and 21 females. The average net cost per patient was, in 1898, £19 13s, and, in 1899, £20 8s. The average number of patients sent out cured in 1898 was 51%, and in 1899, 38%; average deaths, 1898, 7.5; in 1899, 8.8. The officials of the institution at the time were Robert Martin Beattie, medical superintendent; William Webster, assistant medical officer; Edward Newport, head attendant; Sophia Campbell, matron; and J. D. Muir, farm manager. Religious service was held on Sunday by ministers of the denominations of which patients were members.

The asylum underwent several name changes.{{cite news |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3572191 |title=Police re-open boy's hospital death case after 36 years|last=Johnston |first=Martin |date=12 June 2004 |work=The New Zealand Herald |access-date=7 September 2011}} It was known as Auckland Mental Health Hospital in 1959. In the 1960s, the work week averaged 60 hours and staff had only one day off each week.{{cite news |url= http://www.theaucklander.co.nz/news/encounter-the-forgotten-my-family/1009332/ |title=Encounter: The forgotten, my family |date=12 September 2009 |work=The Aucklander |access-date=7 September 2011}} Avondale Mental Asylum became Oakley Hospital, it contained a male forensic unit and general psychiatric wards. The institute's centenary was celebrated in Oakley Hospital in 1967.{{cite web |url= https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/search/collection/akldpeople!indexcards/searchterm/Oakley%20Hospital/field/all/mode/exact/conn/and |title=Indexed items relating to Oakley Hospital, Auckland |publisher=Auckland Libraries|access-date=3 May 2024}}{{fullcitationneeded|date=August 2024}} The Auckland Psychiatric Hospital was officially renamed Oakley Hospital in 1960. In 1972 the nursing staff went out on strike for better conditions, following this the hospital was divided into two, the main hospital became Carrington Hospital and the forensic wards remained named Oakley Hospital In 1964, G.M. Tothill retired as medical superintendent and Dr P.P.E. Savage was appointed to take his place.

In 1971, the building was considered to be one of the best Victorian buildings in Auckland. In keeping with a national change, the Auckland Hospital Board took control of the hospital from the Health Department the following year. Controversial plans were considered for the hospital's M3 Ward to be turned into a medical security prison in 1986. In 1992, Carrington Hospital was closed by the Auckland Area Health Board and was purchased by a tertiary education provider, Carrington Polytec, who refurbished the building, opening the Unitec Institute of Technology School of Architecture and Design in 1994.{{cite web |url= https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/search/collection/akldpeople!indexcards/searchterm/Carrington%20Hospital/field/all/mode/exact/conn/and |title=Indexed items relating to Carrington Hospital |publisher=Auckland Libraries|access-date=3 May 2024}}

Starting in 2018 Unitec transfer land to the Crown as part of a roughly {{cvt|40|hectare}} housing development involving the construction of thousands of homes.{{cite news |last1=Leahy |first1=Ben |title=Housing development in Auckland’s newest suburb faces opposition |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/housing-development-in-aucklands-newest-suburb-faces-opposition/3RLTNLC43VCHBD2J5JTX3KMNCE/ |publisher=New Zealand Herald |date=22 March 2023}} This development is known as the Carrington Development. The development is being undertaken by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development in partnership with three different Maori groups as part of a treaty settlement.{{cite web |last1=Ussher |first1=Ella |last2=Campbell |first2=Matthew |title=Carrington Backbone Works project: archaeological assessment |url=https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/UnitaryPlanDocuments/pc94-attachment-11-archaeological-assessment.pdf |publisher=CFG Heritage}}

As of 2024 two wings of the building have been demolished to allow for a new road to be constructed.{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Sam |title=What is going on with this derelict former psychiatric hospital? |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/nz-news/350182131/what-going-derelict-former-psychiatric-hospital |work=Stuff |date=18 February 2024}}

File:Oakley Hospital, later Carrington Hospital, 1977.jpg

The facade is neoclassical and has polychromatic detailing.{{cite web |url=http://magic.lbr.auckland.ac.nz/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?BU=http%3A%2F%2Fmagic.lbr.auckland.ac.nz%2Fdbtw-wpd%2Fgummer%2Fbasic.htm&QF0=RecordNumber&QI0=33987&TN=gummer&MR=30&RF=full&NP=3&AC=QBE_QUERY|title=Lunatic asylum at the Whau, Auckland. Block plan showing drainage and water supply |publisher=The University of Auckland Library |access-date=7 September 2011}} Built of brick, it faced the junction of Great North Road and Carrington Road, leading to Mount Albert. In the central portion of the building were the dining halls, kitchen, and store-rooms, and the two adjoining wings were the male and female wards. The male dining hall was also used for theatrical and musical performances. Auxiliary wood buildings were destroyed by fire in December 1894.{{cite web |url=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc02Cycl-t1-body1-d1-d21-d9.html |title=The Auckland Lunatic Asylum |date=December 1900 |work=The Cyclopedia of New Zealand [Auckland Provincial District] |publisher=The Cyclopedia Company |access-date=7 September 2011 }} A new brick building was completed in 1896–1897. The chapel of St Luke the Physician, built in 1865, was used as a dormitory since 1875, but was renovated and reopened as a chapel in 1961. The Conolly Room at the hospital was named after English doctor, John Conolly.

A spring on the estate, and a waterfall on Oakley Creek, was ample for domestic and fire prevention purposes. A farm, consisting of nearly {{convert|200|acres}}, was attached to the asylum, providing for healthful recreation and fresh vegetables. There were approximately 50 milk cows on the estate, and numerous pigs. Fresh eggs was obtained from the farm's poultry. Part of the land was turned into an experimental sewage farm. The oldest building has several notable trees and shrubs of interest including holm oak, sweetgum, chaste tree, and pigeonberry.{{cite web |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:P5ODWr_kQk8J:www.mtalberthistoricalsociety.org.nz/pgm-download_media.php%3Fname%3DMAHS%2520Newsletter%2520no%25205%2520Nov%252007.pdf+%22Avondale+Lunatic+Asylum%22&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjN-jeUsAXJzExYRsgzqUVH8RxWMv3XOozji948m2wLoikOjxL9QAvxCmZ-Mhwp6iS_NwptpbyU-0J3yfrZlGwVGhRRVtdKeltxrAzZx4vOIksEoeHJ3acB_La0RxUz4ZyE5MoZ&sig=AHIEtbSkVI3dodDrC14pQ973OMU7NzBX7A |title=Some notable trees of Unitec campus|date=November 2007 |work=Newsletter 5 |publisher=Mount Albert Historical Society Inc |pages=3|access-date=7 September 2011}} now part of the Unitec Arboretum [http://www.unitec.ac.nz/advance/index.php/a-living-collection-unitecs-arboretum]. In 1969, the Auckland University Council decided that the farm was not suitable for university development, but wanted to convert {{convert|50|acre}} for playing fields while Auckland Technical Institute wanted {{convert|20|acre}}.

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{{Hospitals in New Zealand}}

Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1865

Category:Buildings and structures in Auckland

Category:Psychiatric hospitals in New Zealand

Category:Defunct hospitals in New Zealand

Category:Hospitals established in 1853

Category:Hospitals disestablished in 1992

Category:Albert-Eden Local Board Area