Cassis

File:Calanque de Port Miou.jpg calanque in Cassis]]

File:Cassis harbour.jpg

The town is situated on the Mediterranean coast, about {{convert|20|km|mi|frac=2|abbr=off}} east of Marseille. Cap Canaille, {{convert|394|m|0|abbr=off}}, between Cassis and La Ciotat ("the civitas") is one of the highest maritime bluffs in Europe, a sailor's landmark for millennia. It is east of Marseille and in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône.

One of its main beaches, called "Bestouan", is made cooler by a karstic source.

The present site of Cassis was first occupied between 600 and 500 BC by the Ligures, who constructed a fortified dwelling at the top of the Baou Redon. These people lived by fishing, hunting, and farming.

The current site of Cassis could have been inhabited by the Greeks, though no proof has yet been found.

During Roman times, Cassis was part of the maritime route made{{clarify|date=September 2022}} by the Emperor Antoninus Pius. It was a small village, established mainly around the Arena and Corton beaches. The principal livelihood was fishing and maritime trade with North Africa and the Middle East. Several archaeological discoveries attest to this.{{citation needed|date=August 2008}}

From the 5th to the 10th centuries AD, invasions by foreign tribes led the population to seek refuge in the castrum, a fortified city that, in 1223, became the property of the Seigneurie des Les Baux-de-Provence.

In the 15th century, Cassis was ceded to the Counts of Provence; then René of Anjou gave the town to the Bishops of Marseille, who ruled the town until the Revolution of 1789.

In the eighteenth century, Cassis started to develop outside the ramparts of the fortified city and around the port. After the Bourbon Restoration, new industries developed here, including the drying of cod, the manufacture of olive oil and clothing, coral work, wine-making and the exploitation of local stone (cement, limestone). Stone of Cassis, which was quarried here since antiquity made the town famous. It has been used for the quays of the large Mediterranean ports (Alexandria, Algiers, Piraeus, Marseille, and Port Said). A claim that it was used for the base of the Statue of Liberty in New York City gained wide circulation but has been proved apocryphal.Harrell, Annelore (9 November 2011). [http://savannahnow.com/bluffton-opinion/2011-11-09/foundation-our-statue-liberty-made-stone-cassis "Foundation of our Statue of Liberty made from stone from Cassis"]. Savannah Morning News. Retrieved 20 January 2016 Today, the stone is used more for domestic purposes such as the construction of sinks and fireplaces.Auzias, Dominique and Labourdette, Jean-Paul (2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=IUI9XA6V6hUC&pg=PA259 Provence ], p. 259. Petit Futé. {{ISBN|2746930498}}

In the twentieth century, as these industries began to disappear, the workforce turned to tourism and wine making. Cassis was one of the first three vineyards to profit from the appellation d'origine contrôlée (label of controlled origin) introduced in 1936.

The oldest form is Tutelæ Charsitanæ, attested since the first century. It then drifts into Carsicis (15th century) and Castrum Cassitis (1323). These place names suggest a Car-s theme derived from the pre-Indo-European *Kar meaning stone or rock, to which has been added the suffix -ite. The French language has retained the Provençal Cassis spelling, which is identical in both the classical and Mistralian standards.

The final "s" is not pronounced in the local variant of Provençal, unlike other dialects. The pronunciation of the final "s" is found in the motto of the city, which rhymes Paris, Cassis and the word 'vist' with one another (pronunciation in Provençal "mistralien": /pa.ʁis/, /ka.sis/, /vis/). In French, both pronunciations occur.

The Provençal motto of the commune attributed to Frédéric Mistral is "Qu'a vist Paris, se noun a vist Cassis, n'a rèn vist", which means "Who has seen Paris and not Cassis, has not seen anything".

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}

Cassis is twinned with:

• {{flagicon|UK}} Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom{{cite web|url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |title=British towns twinned with French towns |access-date=2013-07-11 |work=Archant Community Media Ltd |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |archive-date=5 July 2013 |df=dmy }}
• {{flagicon|ITA}} Portofino, Italy
• {{flagicon|UKR}} Alushta, Ukraine

• Jean-Jacques Barthélemy, (1716–1795), writer and numismatist, was born in Cassis.{{cite book|editor=Michaud, L. G.|editor2=Michaud, J. Fr.|chapter=Barthélemy, Jean-Jacques|title=Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne|year=1843|edition=nouvelle|volume=tome III|pages=179–181|location=Paris|publisher=A. T. Desplaces|url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x006141561;view=1up;seq=189}}
• Henri Crémieux, stage and film actor, died at his house in Cassis. The Allée Henri Crémieux is named in his honour.Mirval, José (6 September 1980). "Artistes qui ont disparus!", p. 1. Sisteron-Journal. Retrieved via the [http://mediatheque.sisteron.fr/node/3 Médiathèque] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317224626/http://mediatheque.sisteron.fr/node/3 |date=17 March 2016 }} of the City of Sisteron 20 January 2016 {{in lang|fr}}.
• Jerome Hill, (1905-1972), American filmmaker and philanthropist.
• René Leriche (1879-1955), distinguished surgeon, died in Cassis. The Avenue du Professeur René Leriche is named in his honour.Archives de France. [http://www.archivesdefrance.culture.gouv.fr/action-culturelle/celebrations-nationales/2005/sciences/rene-leriche Commémorations nationales 2005: René Leriche]. Retrieved 20 January 2016 {{in lang|fr}}.
• Rudy Ricciotti (born 1952), architect whose works include the Musée des Civilisations de l'Europe et de la Méditerranée and the Jean Cocteau Museum, was resident in Cassis {{As of|2012|lc=y}}.Lanie Goodman (17 September 2012). [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/17/t-magazine/travel/rudy-ricciotti-ground-breaker.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 "Ground Breaker"], The New York Times. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
• Jean-Pierre Teisseire (born 1940), politician and retired professor of political science at the University of Aix en Provence was the mayor of Cassis from 1995 to 2008.Maggio, Patrice (22 January 2012). [http://www.agam-06.org/Bulletin_liaison/Bulletin_Agam_17.pdf "Teisseire: Le rois du sport, du politque, e du poker"]. Nice-Matin (re-printed in the Bulletin of the Association Généalogique des Alpes Maritimes, 1^er trimestre 2012, p. 7). Retrieved 20 January 2016 {{in lang|fr}}.
• Michel Platini (born 1955), football player, manager and administrator.AFP(15 July 2018). [https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Michel-platini-encourage-les-bleus/922906 "Michel Platini encourage les Bleus"], L'Équipe. Retrieved 15 July 2018 {{in lang|fr}}.
• Adil Rami (born 1985), Moroccan-French professional footballer who played as a central defender for French club Olympique de Marseille.

{{Historical populations

|align = none

|cols = 2

|percentages = pagr

|source = EHESS{{Cassini-Ehess|7049|Cassis}} and INSEE (1968-2017)[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-13022#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE

|1793 |2300

|1800 |1878

|1806 |2065

|1821 |1846

|1831 |2050

|1836 |2065

|1841 |2093

|1846 |2069

|1851 |2080

|1856 |2187

|1861 |2038

|1866 |1975

|1872 |1806

|1876 |1809

|1881 |1907

|1886 |1879

|1891 |1974

|1896 |1956

|1901 |1972

|1906 |1980

|1911 |1990

|1921 |2193

|1926 |2354

|1931 |2434

|1936 |2528

|1946 |2769

|1954 |3152

|1962 |3611

|1968 |4852

|1975 |5831

|1982 |6304

|1990 |7967

|1999 |8001

|2007 |7833

|2012 |7560

|2017 |7149

}}

{{Gallery

|width=200 | height=170

|align=center

|File:Francis Picabia and F.M. Mansfield with 2 women and a man at outdoor café table. Cassis, France.jpg

|alt1=

|Francis Picabia and friends at an outdoor café in Cassis

|File:Cassis-Port.jpg

|alt2=

|A quay (Port) in Cassis

|File:Cassis-Chateau.jpg

|alt3=

|Place Georges Clemenceau and château

}}

• Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department

{{Reflist}}

{{Sister project links|voy=Cassis}}

• {{in lang|en}} [https://www.ot-cassis.com/en Tourism Office of Cassis]
• {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.ot-cassis.com/ Tourism Office of Cassis]
• {{in lang|en}} [http://www.cassis.fr/en/index.html Town Website]
• {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.cassis.fr/ Town website]

{{Bouches-du-Rhône communes}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Communes of Bouches-du-Rhône

Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in France