Castilleja lineata
{{Short description|Species of plant in the paintbrush flower genus}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Castilleja lineata - Craig Martin 01.jpg
| image_caption = Castilleja lineata flowering Santa Fe National Forest, New Mexico
| status = {{TNCStatus}}
| status_system = TNC
| genus = Castilleja
| species = lineata
| authority = Greene
}}
Castilleja lineata, commonly known as marshmeadow paintbrush or linearlobe paintbrush, is an uncommon species that largely grows in the mountains of northern New Mexico, but is also found in small areas of neighboring Colorado and Arizona. It was not scientifically described until 1901 and is little studied.
Description
Castilleja lineata is a perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches 10–40 centimeters in height at full size.{{cite web |last1=Egger |first1= J. Mark |last2=Zika |first2=Peter F. |last3=Wilson |first3=Barbara L. |last4=Brainerd |first4=Richard E. |last5=Otting |first5=Nick |title=Castilleja lineata - FNA |url=http://floranorthamerica.org/Castilleja_lineata |website=Flora of North America |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=5 November 2020}} The stems either grow straight upwards ({{plantgloss|erect}}) or somewhat outwards before curving to grow upwards ({{plantgloss|ascending}}) from a common central point. The stems are usually unbranched and are covered in very fine hairs, sometimes very heavily ({{plantgloss|pilose}} or {{plantgloss|woolly}}).{{cite book |last1=Heil |first1=Kenneth D. |last2=O'Kane, Jr. |first2=Steve L. |last3=Reeves |first3=Linda Mary |last4=Clifford |first4=Arnold |title=Flora of the Four Corners Region : Vascular Plants of the San Juan River Drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah |date=2013 |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |location=St. Louis, Missouri |pages=688–689, 692 |url=https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003888887/page/n709 |access-date=11 May 2024}}
The leaves of Castilleja lineata are green in color, are not thick or fleshy, and have a smooth edge without teeth. Its leaves often have large lobes, three to seven total, but usually five or less. The surface of the leaves are strongly marked with parallel veins. The leaves are rolled inwards (involute) and will sometimes have wavy margins. Their shape varies from narrow and grass like (linear), a narrow rectangle with rounded corners (narrowly oblong), or like a thin spear head (narrowly lanceolate), and measure 1.3–5 centimeters long.
=Flowering=
File:Castilleja lineata - Northcut 01.jpg ]]
The bracts are the most noticeable part of the flowers and are pale-yellow to greenish in color. They may also be tinged with yellow-orange or yellow towards their ends while the base of the bracts are more green or yellow-green. The length of the bracts is 20–35 millimeters and they are densely covered with {{plantgloss|woolly}} hairs. The overall shape of the bracts varies from a narrow to broad spear head ({{plantgloss|lanceolate}} or narrow rectangle with rounded corners (narrowly oblong). Each bract usually has three lobes, but may also sometimes have five or seven, they may grow upwards or spread outwards and split the bracts near or just below the midpoint. The middle lobe is rounded at the end while the ends of the side lobes are more pointed. The overall length of the flowering stem is 5–22 centimeters and its width is 1–4.5 centimeters with many bracts and flowers.
The tube of the flower is hidden by the bracts. The surrounding sepals (the calyces) are similarly colored to the bracts and 15–20 millimeters long. The petals are partially fused into a tube that may be straight or slightly curved and is 14–22 millimeters long. Flowering may be in June, July, or August.
Taxonomy
File:Castilleja lineata - Craig Martin 02.jpg, New Mexico]]
Castilleja lineata was scientifically described by Edward Lee Greene in 1901 and has no subspecies or synonyms.{{cite POWO |id=49577-2 |title=Castilleja lineata Greene |access-date=9 May 2024}} The type specimen was collected on a moist slope near Pagosa Springs, Colorado.{{cite journal |last1=Wooton |first1=E. O. |last2=Standley |first2=Paul Carpenter |author1-link=E. O. Wooton |author2-link=Paul Carpenter Standley |title=Flora of New Mexico |journal=Contributions from the United States National Herbarium |date=1915 |volume=19 |page=591-592 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7441586 |access-date=12 May 2024 |publisher=Smithsonia Institution |location=Washington, D.C.}}
=Names=
The species name, lineata, is botanical Latin meaning that it is marked with parallel veins because of the easily visible veins on each flower's bracts. In English it is variously known as "linearlobe paintbrush",{{cite book |last1=Niehaus |first1=Theodore F. |title=A Field Guide to Southwestern and Texas Wildflowers |date=1998 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |location=Boston, Massachusetts |isbn=978-0-585-36531-2 |pages=120–121 |url=https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetosout0000nieh/page/120 |access-date=18 May 2024}} "marshmeadow paintbrush",{{cite web |last1=Haswell |first1=Rich |title=Photo Records |url=https://floraupperriogrande.com/checklists/photo-records/ |website=Flora of the Rio Grande Watershed in Colorado |access-date=18 May 2024}} or marshmeadow Indian paintbrush.
Range and habitat
Castilleja lineata grows in three western US states, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. The majority of the range is in New Mexico, with the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS database listing as growing in four north western counties, Cibola, Rio Arriba, Sandoval, and Taos. In Colorado it is only found in two southern counties, Archuleta and Las Animas. To the west it only is found in Apache County, Arizona.{{cite usda plants|symbol=CALI5 |title=Castilleja lineata |date=18 May 2024}}
The species grows on moist to dry slopes, in meadows, forest openings, in the montane life zone to alpine tundra in the mountains. It can be found between 2100 and 3800 meters in elevation.
=Conservation=
Castilleja lineata is an uncommon species in its range. But it was evaluated by NatureServe as apparently secure (G4) in 2006. At the state level it was evaluated as apparently secure (S4) in New Mexico, imperiled (S2) in Colorado, and has not been evaluated in Arizona.
External links
[http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/Yellow%20Enlarged%20Photo%20Pages/castilleja%20lineata.htm Castilleja lineata (Lineated Paintbrush) - Southwest Colorado Wildflowers]
References
{{reflist}}
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