Sandoval County, New Mexico

{{Infobox U.S. county

| county = Sandoval County

| state = New Mexico

| seal = Sandoval County nm seal.jpg

| founded year = 1903

| founded date =

| seat wl = Bernalillo

| largest city wl = Rio Rancho

| area_total_sq_mi = 3716

| area_land_sq_mi = 3711

| area_water_sq_mi = 5.3

| area percentage = 0.1%

| census yr = 2020

| pop = 148834

| density_sq_mi = 35

| web = www.sandovalcountyNM.gov

| ex image = Sandoval County New Mexico Court House.jpg

| ex image cap = Sandoval County Courthouse in Bernalillo

| district = 1st

| district2 = 3rd

| time zone = Mountain

| named for = Sandoval family

}}

Sandoval County ({{langx|es|Condado de Sandoval|link=}}) is a county located in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 148,834, making it the fourth-most populous county in New Mexico. The county seat is Bernalillo.{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}

Sandoval County is part of the Albuquerque metropolitan area.

History

Sandoval County was created in 1903 from the northern part of Bernalillo County. Its name comes from one of the large land-holding Spanish families in the area. The original county seat was Corrales, but it was moved to Bernalillo in 1905.{{cite news | title=Bernalillo is now the county seat | url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020630/1905-05-08/ed-1/seq-8/ | access-date=April 28, 2017 | work=Santa Fe New Mexican | date=May 8, 1905 | page=8 | via=Library of Congress}}

Mormon Battalion Monument (New Mexico) is in the county.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of {{convert|3716|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|3711|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|5.3|sqmi}} (0.1%) is water.{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_35.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 2, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101195546/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_35.txt|archive-date=January 1, 2015}} The highest point in the county is the summit of Redondo Peak, at {{convert|11254|ft}}.

A relatively small portion of the county exists as a geographically separate exclave between Los Alamos County and Santa Fe County. This came about when Los Alamos County was created; the land that became the exclave would have been part of Los Alamos but was excluded owing to its sacred status among the local Indians.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} Rather than be ceded to neighboring Santa Fe (or Los Alamos) it has remained part of Sandoval, and is owned by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and under the care of the San Ildefonso Pueblo.{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=Sandoval County Tax Assessor Account R184023 |url=https://eaweb.sandovalcountynm.gov/Assessor/taxweb/account.jsp?accountNum=R184023 |access-date=5 Nov 2024 |website=Sandoval County Tax Assessor}}{{Cite web |date=Jan 2018 |title=Sandoval County Map |url=https://www.sandovalcountynm.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/SandovalCountyMap.pdf |access-date=5 Nov 2024}}

=Adjacent counties=

Rio Arriba County - north
Los Alamos County - northeast (west of the exclave)
Santa Fe County - east (in two locations near Los Alamos County including the exclave)
Bernalillo County - south
Cibola County - southwest
McKinley County - west
San Juan County - northwest

=Native American Reservations=

File:Northside of Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico, 1915.jpg

Sandoval County has 12 Indian reservations and two joint-use areas lying within its borders. This is the second highest number of reservations of any county in the United States (after San Diego County, California, which has 18 reservations.) Riverside County, California also has 12 reservations, but no joint-use areas.

Cochiti Pueblo (partly in Santa Fe County)
Jemez Pueblo
Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation (partly in Rio Arriba County)
Laguna Pueblo (partly in Bernalillo, Cibola and Valencia Counties)
Navajo Nation (extending into six other counties in New Mexico, plus three in Arizona and one in Utah)
San Felipe Pueblo
San Felipe/Santa Ana joint use area
San Felipe/Santo Domingo joint use area
San Ildefonso Pueblo (partly in Santa Fe County)
Sandia Pueblo (partly in Bernalillo County)
Santa Ana Pueblo
Santa Clara Pueblo (partly in Rio Arriba and Santa Fe counties)
Santo Domingo Pueblo (partly in Santa Fe County)
Zia Pueblo

=National protected areas=

Bandelier National Monument (part)
Cibola National Forest (part)
El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail (part)
Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument
Santa Fe National Forest (part)
Valles Caldera National Preserve (part)

Demographics

{{US Census population

| 1910 = 8579

| 1920 = 8863

| 1930 = 11144

| 1940 = 13898

| 1950 = 12438

| 1960 = 14201

| 1970 = 17492

| 1980 = 34799

| 1990 = 63319

| 2000 = 89908

| 2010 = 131561

| 2020 = 148834

| estref = {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2018.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=December 23, 2019}}

| align-fn = center

| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 2, 2015}}
1790–1960{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=January 2, 2015}} 1900–1990{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/nm190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 2, 2015}}
1990–2000{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327165705/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 2, 2015}} 2010–2016{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/35/35043.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 30, 2013}}

}}

=2000 census=

As of the 2000 census,{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}} there were 89,908 people, 31,411 households, and 23,621 families living in the county. The population density was {{convert|24|/sqmi|/km2|disp=preunit|people |people|abbr=out}}. There were 34,866 housing units at an average density of {{convert|9|/sqmi|/km2|abbr=out}}. The racial makeup of the county was 65.08% White, 16.28% Native American, 1.71% Black or African American, 0.99% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 12.37% from other races, and 3.47% from two or more races. 29.40% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 31,411 households, out of which 38.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.70% were married couples living together, 12.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.80% were non-families. 19.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.29.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 29.60% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 30.10% from 25 to 44, 22.20% from 45 to 64, and 10.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 95.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $44,949, and the median income for a family was $48,984. Males had a median income of $36,791 versus $26,565 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,174. About 9.00% of families and 12.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.60% of those under age 18 and 9.20% of those age 65 or over.

=2010 census=

As of the 2010 census, there were 131,561 people, 47,602 households, and 34,548 families living in the county.{{cite web

|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US35043

|title=DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data

|access-date=January 24, 2016

|publisher=United States Census Bureau

|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213012015/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US35043

|archive-date=February 13, 2020

|url-status=dead

}} The population density was {{convert|35.5|PD/sqmi}}. There were 52,287 housing units at an average density of {{convert|14.1|/sqmi}}.{{cite web

|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY07/0500000US35043

|access-date=January 24, 2016

|title=Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County

|publisher=United States Census Bureau

|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213193041/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY07/0500000US35043

|archive-date=February 13, 2020

|url-status=dead

}} The racial makeup of the county was 68.0% white, 12.9% American Indian, 2.1% black or African American, 1.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 11.5% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 35.1% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 13.2% were German, 9.3% were Irish, 8.7% were English, and 3.3% were American.{{cite web

|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US35043

|title=DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

|access-date=January 24, 2016

|publisher=United States Census Bureau

|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213025526/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US35043

|archive-date=February 13, 2020

|url-status=dead

}}

Of the 47,602 households, 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 27.4% were non-families, and 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.22. The median age was 37.9 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $57,158 and the median income for a family was $65,906. Males had a median income of $48,967 versus $35,101 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,979. About 8.3% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.0% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.{{cite web

|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US35043

|title=DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates

|access-date=January 24, 2016

|publisher=United States Census Bureau

|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213023847/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US35043

|archive-date=February 13, 2020

|url-status=dead

}}

Communities

=City=

Rio Rancho

=Towns=

Bernalillo (county seat)
Edgewood (part)

=Villages=

=Census-designated places=

=Unincorporated community=

Counselor

Politics

Since New Mexico obtained statehood in 1912, Sandoval county has been remarkably accurate in predicting the winner of each presidential race. The only elections where Sandoval County failed to back the overall winner were in 1912 (Theodore Roosevelt won the county on the Bull Moose ticket), 1944, 1968, 2016, and 2024. Hillary Clinton won a plurality, but not majority, of votes in Sandoval county in 2016 due to Gary Johnson (who previously served as Governor of New Mexico) winning an abnormally high number of votes that election. Since 2004, Sandoval County has voted more consistently Democratic in presidential elections, though at narrower margins than nearby Bernalillo County.

Most parts of the city of Rio Rancho vote majority Republican and this is where this party's strength lies. Otherwise, the more remote parts of the Jemez Mountains and the town of Cuba trend Republican. However, this is offset by Corrales, Placitas, San Ysidro, and all the Pueblos in the county, as well as many other rural areas which trend Democratic. Cochiti Pueblo in particular is the most Democratic region in the county. Bernalillo has also long been a strongly Democratic region, though in the 2024 election it saw a large shift toward the Republican party, as did the pueblos of Zia and Kewa (Santo Domingo) in particular. Yet the fact that a number of precincts in Corrales and north-central Rio Rancho shifted further toward the left meant that the results of the 2024 election in this county only shifted to the right about 1.2 points from 2020.{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/us/elections/2024-election-map-precinct-results.html?unlocked_article_code=1.qk4.9CUE.eUcpg0mNRL9r&smid=url-share | title=An Extremely Detailed Map of the 2024 Election | work=The New York Times | date=January 15, 2025 | last1=Datar | first1=Saurabh | last2=Marcus | first2=Ilana | last3=Murray | first3=Eli | last4=Singer | first4=Ethan | last5=Lemonides | first5=Alex | last6=Zhang | first6=Christine }}

{{PresHead|place=Sandoval County, New Mexico|source={{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=April 2, 2018}}}}

Education

School districts include:{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st35_nm/schooldistrict_maps/c35043_sandoval/DC20SD_C35043.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110013949/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st35_nm/schooldistrict_maps/c35043_sandoval/DC20SD_C35043.pdf |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-status=live|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Sandoval County, NM|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2022}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st35_nm/schooldistrict_maps/c35043_sandoval/DC20SD_C35043_SD2MS.txt Text list]

Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) schools include: