Cathbarr O'Donnell

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}{{Use Hiberno-English|date=July 2024}}{{Infobox noble

| name = Cathbarr O'Donnell
Cathbarr Ó Domhnaill

| image = San_Pietro_in_Montorio_Rudhraige_O_Domhnaill.jpg

| caption = Tomb of Cathbarr and his brother Rory in San Pietro in Montorio

| CoA =

| tenure =

| predecessor =

| successor =

| birth_date = {{circa|1583}}

| birth_place = Tyrconnell, Ulster, Ireland

| death_date = 15 September 1608 (aged 25)

| death_place = Rome, Papal States

| father = Hugh McManus O'Donnell

| mother = Iníon Dubh

| issue = Hugh O'Donnell

}}

Cathbarr O'Donnell ({{langx|ga|Cathbarr Ó Domhnaill}}; {{Circa|1583}} – 15 September 1608) was an Irish nobleman and member of the O'Donnell dynasty of Tyrconnell. The youngest brother of Red Hugh O'Donnell, Cathbarr fought in the Nine Years' War. He married Rosa O'Doherty, sister of Cahir O'Doherty.

In 1607 Cathbarr took part in the Flight of the Earls, leaving Ireland for mainland Europe. He settled in Rome but shortly afterwards died of a fever.

His name is often anglicised as Caffar. It is latinised as Calfurnius on his tomb inscription.

Family background

Born {{Circa|1583}},{{Sfn|Concannon|1920|p=218}}{{sfn|FitzPatrick|2007|p=47}} Cathbarr was the fourth and youngest son{{Sfn|O'Clery|O'Clery|Murphy|1895|p=3}}McGettigan 2005, p. 36 of Sir Hugh McManus O'Donnell, an Irish Gaelic lord who ruled Tyrconnell from 1566 to 1592. Cathbarr's mother was Hugh McManus's Scottish second wife, Iníon Dubh. His older brothers were Hugh Roe (Lord of Tyrconnell, 1592–1602),{{Cite journal |last=Morgan |first=Hiram |author-link=Hiram Morgan |date=October 2009 |title=O'Donnell, 'Red' Hugh (Ó Domhnaill, Aodh Ruadh) |url=https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.006343.v1 |url-status= |journal=Dictionary of Irish Biography |doi=10.3318/dib.006343.v1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725150911/https://www.dib.ie/biography/odonnell-red-hugh-o-domhnaill-aodh-ruadh-a6343 |archive-date=25 July 2021}} Rory (Earl of Tyrconnell, 1602–1608){{Cite journal |last=O'Byrne |first=Emmett |author-link=Emmett O'Byrne |date=October 2009 |title=O'Donnell (Ó Domhnall), Ruaidhrí |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/odonnell-o-domhnall-ruaidhri-a6701#:~:text=O'Donnell%20(%C3%93%20Domhnall),%20Ruaidhr%C3%AD%20(1575%E2%80%93,the%20Western%20Isles%20of%20Scotland. |journal=Dictionary of Irish Biography |language=en |doi=10.3318/dib.006701.v1 |access-date=2024-04-15}} and Manus (died 1600).{{sfn|Concannon|1920|p=232}} He also had several sisters, including Nuala, Mary and Margaret.

Nine Years' War

His elder brother Hugh Roe was a key confederate leader during the Nine Years' War (1593–1603). Cathbarr and his brothers supported Hugh Roe during the war. In 1599 he fought alongside his brothers at the Battle of Curlew Pass, which resulted in a crucial victory for the Irish confederacy. In 1601 he accompanied them on the march to Kinsale in County Cork, where Spanish reinforcements had arrived.{{Sfn|McNeill|1911|p=110}}{{Cite journal |last=McGurk |first=John |date=2001 |title=The Battle of Kinsale, 1601 |url=https://www.historyireland.com/the-battle-of-kinsale-1601/ |url-status=live |journal=History Ireland |volume=9 |issue=3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304180435/https://www.historyireland.com/the-battle-of-kinsale-1601/ |archive-date=4 March 2024}} Cathbarr fought at the Siege of Kinsale where the confederacy faced a crushing defeat. After the battle he returned to Lower Connacht with Rory. Despite attempts to recover the military initiative, the confederacy was severely weakened. Hugh Roe died in September 1602 and Rory surrendered to the Crown at Athlone in December.

Marriage

Sometime before 1605, Cathbarr married Rosa O'Doherty. Rosa was a daughter of Sean O'Doherty, Lord of Inishowen.{{Cite journal |last=Casway |first=Jerrold |date=2009 |title=O'Doherty, Rosa |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/odoherty-rosa-a6685 |journal=Dictionary of Irish Biography |doi=10.3318/dib.006685.v2 |access-date=27 December 2024}} Rosa's brother Cahir O'Doherty defected to the Crown's side during the war but later launched O'Doherty's Rebellion by burning Derry.{{cite journal |last1=McGettigan |first1=Darren |date=October 2009 |title=O'Doherty (Ó Dochartaigh), Cahir |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/odoherty-o-dochartaigh-cahir-a6684 |journal=Dictionary of Irish Biography |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |doi=10.3318/dib.006684.v1 |accessdate=2 December 2022}}

Flight of the Earls

In 1607, Cathbarr and Rosa accompanied Rory in the Flight of the Earls to Continental Europe.{{Sfn|Casway|1984|p=25}}

File:Flight_of_Earls_(1607).svg]]

Death and burial

In early July 1608, Cathbarr travelled to Ostia, a coastal town fifteen miles west of Rome, in order to "make holiday and take a change of air". He was accompanied by his brother Rory, Hugh O'Neill, 4th Baron Dungannon, and Donal O’Carroll, Vicar General of Killaloe. Unfortunately, the men "all agreed that that particular place [was] one of the worst and most unhealthy for climate in all Italy". Rory died of fever on 28 July 1608.{{sfn|FitzPatrick|2007|p=}} Cathbarr also became ill, and similarly died of fever on 15 September 1608 in Rome.{{Cite journal |last=McGettigan |first=Darren |date=October 2009 |title=O'Donnell, Caffar |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/odonnell-caffar-a2288 |journal=Dictionary of Irish Biography |doi=10.3318/dib.002288.v1}}{{Sfn|Walsh|1930|p=58}} He is buried in San Pietro in Montorio.{{sfn|FitzPatrick|2007|p=}} He was 25 years old.{{sfn|FitzPatrick|2007|p=47}} His funeral allegedly included a "splendid cortege accompanying him in procession" to the church.{{Cite journal |last=FitzPatrick |first=Elizabeth |date=2017 |title=The Exilic Burial Place of a Gaelic Irish Community at San Pietro in Montorio, Rome |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26578329?seq=7 |journal=Papers of the British School at Rome |volume=85 |pages=205–239 |issn=0068-2462}}

Legacy

The leadership of the O'Donnells passed to Rory's young son Hugh Albert O'Donnell.{{Sfn|Casway|1984|p=25}}

After Cathbarr's death, Rosa remarried to the Irish soldier Owen Roe O'Neill.

Cathbarr had a son with Rosa named Hugh O'Donnell, who was aged two years and three months at the time of the Flight of the Earls in September 1607. This puts Hugh's birthdate around June 1605.Annals of the Four Masters: "[Flight of the Earls, September] 1607: ...Rose, the daughter of O'Doherty, and wife of Caffar, with her son, Hugh, aged two years and three months..." Hugh became a Captain in the Spanish Army, serving in his stepfather's regiment in Flanders. He was killed in 1625 during the Siege of Breda.{{Sfn|Casway|1984|pp=27–28}}

Cathbarr also had an illegitimate son, named Conn, with another woman. According to Darren McGettigan, Conn was born with six toes on one foot. According to Francis Martin O'Donnell and Jerrold Casway, it was Cathbarr's son Hugh who had six toes on one foot.{{Cite journal |last=O'Donnell |first=Francis Martin |author-link=Francis Martin O'Donnell |last2= |date=2020-01-01 |title=Memorialising Emigré Dignity - The Cultural Heritage of St. Anthony's College, Leuven |url=https://www.academia.edu/44246051/Memorialising_Emigr%C3%A9_Dignity_The_Cultural_Heritage_of_St_Anthonys_College_Leuven |journal=Irish College Leuven - Memorialising Emigré Dignity - The Cultural Heritage of St. Anthony's College, Leuven}} In 1608 Sir John Davies stated that the O'Donnell family had high hopes for Conn "for they affirm that one of their saints of Tyrconnell hath prophesied that when such a one, being of the sept of O'Donnell, shall be born, he shall drive all the Englishmen out of Ireland". Conn was raised in the household of Lord Deputy Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland. Conn was also raised by Captain Basil Brooke at Donegal Castle.{{sfn|O'Donnell|2006|p=37}} He was later imprisoned in a London prison, and then in 1629 escaped to Flanders alongside his cousins Mary Stuart O'Donnell and Hugh O'Rourke.

Family tree

Notes

References

= Citations =

= Sources =

{{citation |last=Casway |first=Jerrold |year=1984 |title=Owen Roe O'Neill and the Struggle for Catholic Ireland |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|url=https://archive.org/details/owenroeoneillstr0000casw}}
{{Cite journal |last=Concannon |first=Helena |author-link=Helena Concannon |date=1920 |title='The Woman of the Piercing Wail' (The Lady Nuala O'Donnell) |url=https://archive.org/details/irishecclesiasti16dubluoft/page/218/mode/2up |journal=The Irish Ecclesiastical Record |location=Dublin |publisher=John F. Fowler |volume=16 |page=}}
{{Cite journal |last=FitzPatrick |first=Elizabeth |date=2007 |title=San Pietro in Montorio, Burial-Place of the Exiled Irish in Rome, 1608-1623 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27725658 |journal=History Ireland |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=46–51 |issn=0791-8224 |jstor=27725658}}
{{Cite book |last=McGettigan |first=Darren |url=https://archive.org/details/darren-mc-gettigan-red-hugh-o-donnell-and-the-nine-years-war-2005-four-courts-pr-ltd-libgen.li |title=Red Hugh O'Donnell and the Nine Years War |publisher=Four Courts Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-8518-2887-6 |location=Dublin |ol=OL11952048M}}
{{EB1911|last=McNeill|first=Ronald John|wstitle=O'Neill|volume=20|pages=107–111}}
{{Cite book |last1=O'Clery |first1=Lughaidh |url=https://archive.org/details/beathaaodharuaid00ocle/page/n35/mode/2up |title=Beatha Aodha Ruaidh ui Dhomhnaill. The life of Hugh Roe O'Donnell, prince of Tirconnell (1586-1602) |last2=O'Clery |first2=Cucogry |last3=Murphy |first3=Denis |date=1895 |publisher=Dublin, Fallon |others=Boston College Libraries}}
{{Cite journal |last=O'Donnell |first=Eunan |date=2006 |title=Reflection on the Flight of the Earls |url=https://donegalhistory.ie/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/DA58.pdf |journal=Donegal Annual |issue=58 |pages=31–44}}
{{Cite book |last=Walsh |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Walsh (priest) |url=https://www.seekingmyroots.com/members/files/G004983.pdf |title=THE WILL AND FAMILY OF HUGH O NEILL, EARL OF TYRONE [WITH AN APPENDIX OF GENEALOGIES] |publisher=Sign of the Three Candles |year=1930 |editor-last=Walsh |editor-first=Paul |location=Dublin}}