Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites

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|Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church

|1646

|Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist, Pittsburgh, United States

|MetropolitanateThe Ruthenian Catholic Church does not have a unified structure. It includes a Metropolia based in Pittsburgh, which covers the entire United States, but also an eparchy in Ukraine and an apostolic exarchate in the Czech Republic, both of which are directly subject to the Holy See.||{{nts|6}} ||{{nts|8}} ||{{sort|1={{nts|417,795}}|2=417,795 }}

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|Slovak Greek Catholic Church

|1646

|Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist, Prešov, Slovakia

|Metropolitanate ||{{nts|4}} ||{{nts|6}} ||{{sort|1={{nts|211,208}}|2=211,208 }}

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|20px

|Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

|1595

|Cathedral of the Resurrection, Kyiv, Ukraine

|Major archiepiscopate ||{{nts|35}} ||{{nts|50}} ||{{sort|1={{nts|4,471,688}}|2=4,471,688 }}

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|Chaldean Catholic Church

|1552

| rowspan=2 | East Syriac

|Cathedral of Our Lady of Sorrows, Baghdad, Iraq

|Patriarchate ||{{nts|23}} ||{{nts|23}} ||{{sort|1={{nts|628,405}}|2=628,405 }}

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|18px

|Syro-Malabar Catholic Church

| 1552

|Cathedral of Our Lady, Ernakulam, Kerala, India

|Major archiepiscopate ||{{nts|35}} ||{{nts|63}} ||{{sort|1={{nts|4,251,399}}|2=4,251,399 }}

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|22px

|Maronite Church

| data-sort-value="0325" | 4th c.

| rowspan=3 | West Syriac

|Church of Bkerke, Bkerke, Lebanon

|Patriarchate ||{{nts|29}} ||{{nts|50}} ||{{sort|1={{nts|3,498,707}}|2=3,498,707 }}

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|Syriac Catholic Church

|1781

|Syriac Catholic Cathedral of Saint Paul, Damascus, Syria

|Patriarchate ||{{nts|16}} ||{{nts|20}} ||{{sort|1={{nts|195,765}}|2=195,765 }}

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|Syro-Malankara Catholic Church

|1930

|Cathedral of Saint Mary, Pattom, Kerala, India

|Major archiepiscopate ||{{nts|12}} ||{{nts|14}} ||{{sort|1={{nts|458,015}}|2=458,015 }}

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|Latin Church

| 1st c.

| rowspan=1 | Latin

|Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, Rome, Italy

|Patriarchate || || ||{{sort|1={{nts|1,295,000,000}}|2=1,295,000,000 }}

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|Other

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|variousFive of the ordinariates for Eastern Catholic faithful are multi-ritual, encompassing the faithful of all Eastern Catholic rites within their territory not otherwise subject to a local ordinary of their own rite. The sixth is exclusively Byzantine, but covers all Byzantine Catholics in Austria, no matter which particular Byzantine Church they belong to.

|severalThe six ordinariates are based in Buenos Aires (Argentina), Vienna (Austria), Belo Horizonte (Brazil), Paris (France), Warsaw (Poland), and Madrid (Spain).

|Ordinariates ||{{nts|6}} ||{{nts|6}}Technically, each of these ordinariates has an ordinary who is a bishop, but all of the bishops are Latin bishops whose primary assignment is to a Latin see.||{{sort|1={{nts|47,830}}|2=47,830 }}

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! Total

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!{{nts|2,851}}more 640 Archdioceses

!{{nts|5,304}}

!{{nts|1.313 billion}}

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{{canon law}}

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{{main|Catholic ecclesiology}}

{{cleanup|reason=Simplify, merge redundant information, assert priority importance in lead paragraphs.|date=March 2017}}

In Catholic ecclesiology, a church is an assembly of the faithful, hierarchically ordered, both in the entire world (the Catholic Church), or in a certain territory (a particular church). To be a sacrament (a sign) of the Mystical Body of Christ in the world, a church must have both a head and members (Col. 1:18).{{cite web | work=CatholicCulture.org | url=http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/dictionary/index.cfm?id=32533| title=Catholic Culture Church Definition | access-date= 2011-02-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230115552/http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/dictionary/index.cfm?id=32533 |archive-date= Dec 30, 2011 }} The sacramental sign of Christ the head is the sacred hierarchy – the bishops, priests and deacons.{{cite web | work=New Advent |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07322c.htm| title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Hierarchy |date=1910 | access-date= 2011-02-15}}{{cite web | work=Catholic-Hierarchy.org | url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/| title=The Hierarchy of the Catholic Church | access-date= 2011-02-14}}

More specifically, it is the local bishop, with his priests and deacons gathered around and assisting him in his office of teaching, sanctifying and governing (Mt. 28:19–20; Titus 1:4–9). Thus, the church is fully present sacramentally (by way of a sign) wherever there is a sign of Christ the head, a bishop and those who assist him, and a sign of Christ's body, Christian faithful.{{cite web | work=New Advent | url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10663a.htm| title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Mystical Body of the Church |date=1911 | access-date= 2011-02-14}} Each diocese is therefore considered a particular church.{{cite web | work=EWTN | url=http://www.ewtn.com/expert/answers/catholic_rites_and_churches.htm| title=Catholic Rites and Churches |date=22 August 2007 | access-date= 2011-02-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522114137/http://www.ewtn.com/expert/answers/catholic_rites_and_churches.htm |archive-date= May 22, 2011 }}

On the worldwide level, the sign of Christ the head is the Pope, and, to be Catholic, particular churches, whether local churches or autonomous ritual churches, must be in communion with this sign of Christ the head.{{cite web | work=Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger | url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_28051992_communionis-notio_en.html| title= Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on some aspects of the Church understood as communion | access-date= 2011-02-14}} Through this full communion with Saint Peter and his successors the church becomes a universal sacrament of salvation to the end of the age (Mt. 28:20).

The word "church" is applied to the Catholic Church as a whole, which is seen as a single church: the multitude of peoples and cultures within the church, and the great diversity of gifts, offices, conditions and ways of life of its members, are not opposed to the church's unity.{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P29.HTM |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church, 814 |publisher=Vatican.va |date=1975-12-14 |access-date=2018-04-18}} In this sense of "church", the list of churches in the Catholic Church has only one member, the Catholic Church itself (comprising Roman and Eastern Churches).

Within the Catholic Church there are local particular churches, of which dioceses are the most familiar form. Other forms include territorial abbacies, apostolic vicariates and apostolic prefectures. The 1983 Code of Canon Law states: "Particular Churches, in which and from which the one and only Catholic Church exists, are principally dioceses. Unless the contrary is clear, the following are equivalent to a diocese: a territorial prelature, a territorial abbacy, a vicariate apostolic, a prefecture apostolic and a permanently established apostolic administration."{{cite web|url=http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P1B.HTM#N |title=Code of Canon Law, canon 368 |publisher=Intratext.com |date=2007-05-04 |access-date=2018-04-18}} A list of Catholic dioceses, of which on 31 December 2011 there were 2,834,Vatican, Annuario Pontificio 2012, p. 1142. is given at List of Catholic dioceses (alphabetical).

Within the Catholic Church there are also aggregations of local particular churches that share a specific liturgical, theological, spiritual, and canonical heritage, distinguished from other heritages on the basis of cultural and historical circumstances. These are known as autonomous ("sui iuris") churches. The 1990 Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches defines such a church as follows: "A group of Christ's faithful hierarchically linked in accordance with law and given express or tacit recognition by the supreme authority of the Church is in this Code called an autonomous Church."{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19901018_codex-can-eccl-orient-1_lt.html#TITULUS_II_ |title=Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 27 |publisher=Vatican.va |access-date=2018-04-18}} There are 24 such autonomous Catholic churches: One Latin Church (i.e., Western) and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches", a distinction by now more historical than geographical. Although each of them has its own specific heritage, they are all in full communion with the Pope in Rome.

Unlike "families" or "federations" of churches formed through the grant of mutual recognition by distinct ecclesial bodies,Also unlike the situation of those countries within the Commonwealth that consider the British monarch to be their head of state, but are nonetheless fully independent and quite distinct states, not just one state. the Catholic Church considers itself a single church ("full communion, "one Body") composed of a multitude of particular churches, each of which, as stated, is an embodiment of the fullness of the one Catholic Church. For the particular churches within the Catholic Church, whether autonomous ritual churches (e.g., Coptic Catholic Church, Melkite Catholic Church, Armenian Catholic Church, etc.) or dioceses (e.g., Archdiocese of Birmingham, Archdiocese of Chicago, etc.), are seen as not simply branches, divisions or sections of a larger body. Theologically, each is considered to be the embodiment in a particular place or for a particular community of the one, whole Catholic Church. "It is in these and formed out of them that the one and unique Catholic Church exists."Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Decree on the Church {{Lang|la|Lumen gentium}}, [https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html 23]"The particular Churches, insofar as they are 'part of the one Church of Christ' (Second Vatican Council: Decree Christus Dominus, 6/c), have a special relationship of mutual interiority with the whole, that is, with the universal Church, because in every particular Church 'the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church of Christ is truly present and active' (Second Vatican Council: Decree Christus Dominus, 11/a). For this reason, the universal Church cannot be conceived as the sum of the particular Churches, or as a federation of particular Churches. It is not the result of the communion of the Churches, but, in its essential mystery, it is a reality ontologically and temporally prior to every individual particular Church" ([https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_28051992_communionis-notio_en.html Communionis notio, 9]).

{{Main|Church sui iuris|Latin Church|Eastern Catholic Churches}}

There are 24 autonomous churches: one Latin Church and twenty-three Eastern Catholic Churches, a distinction by now more historical than geographical. The term sui iuris means, literally, "of its own law", or self-governing. Although all of the particular churches espouse the same beliefs and faith, their distinction lies in their varied expression of that faith through their traditions, disciplines, and canon law. All are in communion with the Holy See.

For this kind of particular church, the 1983 Code of Canon Law uses the unambiguous phrase "autonomous ritual Church" ({{Langx|la|Ecclesia ritualis sui iuris|links=no}}). The 1990 Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, which is concerned principally with what the Second Vatican Council called "particular Churches or rites", shortened this to "autonomous Church" ({{Langx|la|Ecclesia sui iuris|links=no}}).Canon 27, quote: "A group of Christ's faithful hierarchically linked in accordance with law and given express or tacit recognition by the supreme authority of the Church is in this Code called an autonomous Church."

In Catholic teaching, each diocese (Latin Church term) or eparchy (Eastern term) is also a local or particular church, though it lacks the autonomy of the autonomous churches described above:

{{blockquote|A diocese is a section of the People of God entrusted to a bishop to be guided by him with the assistance of his clergy so that, loyal to its pastor and formed by him into one community in the Holy Spirit through the Gospel and the Eucharist, it constitutes one particular church in which the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church of Christ is truly present and active.Second Vatican Council, Decree on the Pastoral Office of Bishops in the Church Christus Dominus,[https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19651028_christus-dominus_en.html 11]}}

The 1983 Code of Canon Law, which is concerned with the Latin Church alone and so with only one autonomous particular church, uses the term "particular Church" only in the sense of "local Church", as in its Canon 373:

{{blockquote|It is within the competence of the supreme authority alone to establish particular Churches; once they are lawfully established, the law itself gives them juridical personality.{{cite web|url=http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P1B.HTM#N |title=Code of Canon Law, canon 373 |publisher=Intratext.com |date=2007-05-04 |access-date=2018-04-18}}}}

The standard form of these local or particular churches, each of which is headed by a bishop, is called a diocese in the Latin Church and an eparchy in the Eastern churches. At the end of 2011, the total number of all these jurisdictional areas (or "sees") was 2,834.{{cite book |title=Annuario Pontificio (Pontifical Yearbook) |author=Central Statistics Office |publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana |date=March 2012 |isbn=978-88-209-8722-0|page = 1142}}

{{main|Holy See|Diocese of Rome}}

The Holy See, the Diocese of Rome, is seen as the central local church. The bishop, the Pope, is considered to be, in a unique sense, the successor of Saint Peter, the chief (or "prince") of the apostles. Quoting the Second Vatican Council's document {{Lang|la|Lumen gentium}}, the Catechism of the Catholic Church states: "The Pope, Bishop of Rome and Peter's successor, 'is the perpetual and visible source and foundation of the unity both of the bishops and of the whole company of the faithful.{{'"}}Catechism of the Catholic Church, [http://www.usccb.org/catechism/text/pt1sect2chpt3art9p4.htm# 882]

All the Catholic particular churches, whether Latin or Eastern, local or autonomous—are by definition in full communion with the Holy See of Rome.

{{see also|Ritual family}}

The Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches defines "rite" as follows: "Rite is the liturgical, theological, spiritual and disciplinary heritage, distinguished according to peoples' culture and historical circumstances, that finds expression in each autonomous church's way of living the faith."{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19901018_codex-can-eccl-orient-1_lt.html#TITULUS_II_ |title=Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 28 §1 |publisher=Vatican.va |access-date=2018-04-18}}

As thus defined, "rite" concerns not only a people's liturgy (manner of worship), but also its theology (understanding of doctrine), spirituality (prayer and devotion), and discipline (canon law).

In this sense of the word "rite", the list of rites within the Catholic Church is identical with that of the autonomous churches, each of which has its own heritage, which distinguishes that church from others, and membership of a church involves participation in its liturgical, theological, spiritual and disciplinary heritage. However, "church" refers to the people, and "rite" to their heritage.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9gvZAAAAMAAJ&q=rite+%22code+of+canons%22 |first=Lonappan |last=Arangassery |title=A Handbook on Catholic Eastern Churches |year=1999 |page=52 |access-date=2018-04-18}}

The Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches states that the rites with which it is concerned (but which it does not list) spring from the following five traditions: Alexandrian, Antiochian, Armenian, Chaldean, and Constantinopolitan.{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19901018_codex-can-eccl-orient-1_lt.html#TITULUS_II_ |title=Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 28 §2 |publisher=Vatican.va |access-date=2018-04-18}} Since it covers only Eastern Catholic churches and rites, it does not mention those of Western (Latin) tradition.

File:Catholic Liturgical Rites Chart.png

The word "rite" is sometimes used with reference only to liturgy, ignoring the theological, spiritual and disciplinary elements in the heritage of the churches. In this sense, "rite" has been defined as "the whole complex of the (liturgical) services of any Church or group of Churches".{{cite encyclopedia | last=Griffin |first=Patrick | year=1912 | title=Rites | url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13064b.htm| encyclopedia=Catholic Encyclopedia | publisher=New York: Robert Appleton Company | access-date= 2011-02-14}}

Between "rites" in this exclusively liturgical sense and the autonomous churches there is no strict correspondence, such as there is when "rite" is understood as in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. The 14 autonomous churches of Byzantine tradition have a single liturgical rite, but vary mainly in liturgical language, while on the contrary the single Latin Church has several distinct liturgical rites, whose universal main form, the Roman Rite, is practised in Latin or in the local vernacular).

{{Main article|Latin liturgical rites|Latin Church}}

{{Main article|Eastern Catholic liturgy}}

• Autocephaly
• Catholic Church by country
• Index of Catholic Church articles
• List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)

{{reflist|group=note}}

{{reflist|2}}

• {{Cite book|last=Brock|first=Sebastian P.|author-link=Sebastian P. Brock|title=Studies in Syriac Christianity: History, Literature, and Theology|year=1992|location=Aldershot|publisher=Variorum|isbn=9780860783053|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hp_YAAAAMAAJ}}
• {{Cite book|editor-last=Nedungatt|editor-first=George|editor-link=George Nedungatt|title=A Guide to the Eastern Code: A Commentary on the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1fEkAQAAIAAJ|year=2002|location=Rome|publisher=Oriental Institute Press|isbn=9788872103364}}

• [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/rites.htm GigaCatholic Catholic Rites/Particular Chutches]

{{Sacraments, rites, and liturgies of the Catholic Church}}

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