Cavisoma
{{Short description|Genus of parasitic worms}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| genus = Cavisoma
| parent_authority =Van Cleave, 1931
| species = magnum
| authority = (Southwell, 1927)
| synonyms =
}}
Cavisoma is a monotypic genus of acanthocephalans (thorny-headed or spiny-headed parasitic worms) containing a single species, Cavisoma magnum, that infests animals.
Taxonomy
C. magnum (Southwell, 1927) was originally described as Oligoterorhynchus magnus by Southwell in 1927Southwell T 1927. New species of Acanthocephala (Oligoterorhynchus magnus) from a marine fish. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 21, 165–169. It was brought to the Cavisoma genus by Van Cleave in 1931. The National Center for Biotechnology Information does indicate that a phylogenetic analysis has been published on the mitochondrial DNA of Cavisoma.{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=60528
| title = NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools.
|first1=Conrad L |last1=Schoch
|first2=Stacy |last2=Ciufo
|first3=Mikhail |last3=Domrachev
|first4=Carol L |last4=Hotton
|first5=Sivakumar |last5=Kannan
|first6=Rogneda |last6=Khovanskaya
|first7=Detlef |last7=Leipe
|first8=Richard |last8=Mcveigh
|first9=Kathleen |last9=O’Neill
|first10=Barbara |last10=Robbertse
|first11=Shobha |last11=Sharma
|first12=Vladimir |last12=Soussov
|first13=John P |last13=Sullivan
|first14=Lu |last14=Sun
|first15=Seán |last15=Turner
|first16=Ilene |last16=Karsch-Mizrachi
| date = 2020
| website = Taxonomy Browser
| publisher = NCBI
| access-date = April 1, 2024
| quote =
}}
Description
Cavisoma magnum consists of a proboscis covered in hooks and a trunk.{{cite journal|last1=Amin|first1=Omar M.|last2=Heckmann|first2=Richard A.|last3=Bannai|first3=Majid A.|title=Cavisoma magnum (Cavisomidae), a unique Pacific acanthocephalan redescribed from an unusual host, Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae), in the Persian Gulf, with notes on histopathology and metal analysis|journal=Parasite|volume=25|year=2018|pages=5|issn=1776-1042|doi=10.1051/parasite/2018006|pmid=29424340|pmc=5806538}} {{open access}}
Distribution
The distribution of Cavisoma magnum is determined by that of its hosts. Localities include Sri Lanka, the Red Sea, the Philippines, New Caledonia, and Iraq.
Hosts
[[File:Acanthocephala LifeCycle lg.jpg|thumb|250px|alt=Diagram of the life cycle of Acanthocephala|Life cycle of Acanthocephala.{{cite web
| url = https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/acanthocephaliasis/index.html
| title = Acanthocephaliasis
| last = CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria
| date = April 11, 2019
| website = www.cdc.gov
| publisher = Center for Disease Control
| access-date = July 17, 2023
| quote =
| archive-date = 8 June 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230608133736/https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/acanthocephaliasis/index.html
| url-status = live
}}{{#tag:ref|There are no known aberrant human infections for Cavisoma magnum species.|group=lower-alpha}}]]
The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. Although the intermediate hosts of Cavisoma are arthropods. When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor is passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats. There may be paratenic hosts (hosts where parasites infest but do not undergo larval development or sexual reproduction) for Cavisoma.{{cite book
| last = Schmidt
| first = G.D.
| editor-last1 = Crompton
| editor-first1 = D.W.T.
| editor-last2 = Nickol
| editor-first2 = B.B.
| author-link =
| date = 1985
| title = Biology of the Acanthocephala
| chapter = Development and life cycles
| url = https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/17218255.pdf
| location = Cambridge
| publisher = Cambridge Univ. Press
| pages = 273–305
| isbn =
| access-date = 16 July 2023
| archive-date = 22 July 2023
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230722191034/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/17218255.pdf
| url-status = live
}}
Cavisoma magnum was found in the stomach and pyloric ceca of the sea bass, Serranus sp. (Serranidae) and from another fish, the spotted surgeonfish Ctenochaetus strigosus (Acanthuridae) off Negapatam, (Sri Lanka). Other hosts include milkfish Chanos chanos (Chanidae),Arthur JR, Regidor SE, Albert E. 1995. Redescription of Cavisoma magnum (Southwell, 1927) (Acanthocephala: Cavisomidae) from the milkfish, Chanos chanos, in the Philippines. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 62, 39–43. Siganus lineatus (Siganidae),{{cite journal|last1=Foata|first1=J.|last2=Quilichini|first2=Y.|last3=Justine|first3=J.-L.|last4=Bray|first4=R.A.|last5=Marchand|first5=B.|title=Ultrastructural study of spermiogenesis and the spermatozoon of Cavisoma magnum (Southwell, 1927) (Acanthocephala, Palaeacanthocephala, Cavisomidae), from Siganus lineatus (Pisces, Teleostei, Siganidae) (Valenciennes, 1835) in New Caledonia|journal=Micron|volume=43|issue=2–3|year=2012|pages=141–149|issn=0968-4328|doi=10.1016/j.micron.2011.10.022|pmid=22100318}} and Grey mullet, Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae). There are no reported cases of Cavisoma magnum infesting humans in the English language medical literature.{{cite journal |last1=Mathison |first1=BA |display-authors=etal |title=Human Acanthocephaliasis: a Thorn in the Side of Parasite Diagnostics |journal=J Clin Microbiol |date=2021 |volume=59 |issue=11 |page=e02691-20 |doi=10.1128/JCM.02691-20 |pmid=34076470 |url=https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJCM.02691-20|pmc=8525584 }}
File:Ctenochaetus strigosus 1.jpg|The Goldring Bristletooth is a host
File:Chanidae - Chanos chanos.JPG|The Milkfish is a host
File:Siganus lineatus.jpg|The Golden-lined spinefoot is a host
File:Mújol (Mugil cephalus), Parque natural de la Arrábida, Portugal, 2020-07-23, DD 19.jpg|The Flathead grey mullet is a host
Notes
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References
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{{Taxonbar|from1=Q1840573|from2=Q3285597}}
{{improve categories|date=October 2024}}