Centipeda
{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Centipeda minima 3.JPG
| image_caption = Centipeda minima
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Centipeda
| authority = Lour.
| synonyms =
- Cotula sect. Centipeda (Lour.) Baill.
- Centipeda sect. Sphaeromorphaea (DC.) DC. ex C.B.Clarke
- Myriogyne Less.
- Centipeda sect. Myriogyne (Less.) C.B.Clarke
}}
Centipeda is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae.[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/654185#page/138/mode/1up Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora cochinchinensis : sistens plantas in regno Cochinchina nascentes. Quibus accedunt aliae observatae in Sinensi imperio, Africa Orientali, Indiaeque locis variis. Omnes dispositae secundum systema sexuale Linnaeanum 2: 492-493] in Latin[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40003598 Tropicos, Centipeda Lour.]{{cite web
| url = http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=131772&PTRefFk=7000000
| title = Details for: Astereae
| access-date = 2009-07-18
| author = Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem
| author-link = Botanical Garden in Berlin
| work = Euro+Med PlantBase
| publisher = Freie Universität Berlin
| name = Tribe Astereae
| id = 199231
| accessdate = 2009-07-18
| url = http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=gn&name=Centipeda
| title = Genus Centipeda
| access-date = 2013-06-17
| author = National Herbarium of New South Wales
| work = New South Wales FloraOnline
| publisher = Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney
}} The genus is primarily native to Australia and New Zealand, with a few species extending the range northward into Asia and across the Pacific to southern South America.[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=106025 Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 892 石胡荽属 shi hu sui shu Centipeda Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 492. 1790. ]
Species
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
- Centipeda aotearoana N.G.Walsh
- Centipeda borealis N.G.Walsh
- Centipeda crateriformis N.G.Walsh
- Centipeda crateriformis subsp. compacta N.G.Walsh
- Centipeda cunninghamii (DC.) A.Braun & Asch.
- Centipeda elatinoides (Less.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex O.Hoffm.
- Centipeda minima (L.) A.Braun & Asch.
- Centipeda minima subsp. macrocephala N.G.Walsh
- Centipeda nidiformis N.G.Walsh
- Centipeda pleiocephala N.G.Walsh
- Centipeda racemosa (Hook.) F.Muell.
- Centipeda thespidioides F.Muell.
}}
Research and biological activities
Volatile oils from Centipeda minima have been shown to modulate anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines in a rat model.{{cite journal | last1 = Qin | first1 = R. A. |display-authors=et al | year = 2005 | title = Effects of the volatile oil of Centipeda minima on acute pleural effusion in rats induced by an intrapleural injection of car | journal = Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi | volume = 30 | issue = 15| pages = 1192–4 | pmid = 16201699 }} In a related study, C. minima eased allergic rhinitis by slowing the infiltration of eosinophils and the proliferation of mast cells.{{cite journal | last1 = Liu | first1 = Z. G. |display-authors=et al | year = 2005 | title = Histopathological study on allergic rhinitis with Centipeda minima | journal = Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi | volume = 30 | issue = 4| pages = 292–4 | pmid = 15724411 }}
A comprehensive investigation of the GC-MS chemical profile of C. cunninghamii and its biological activity showed that this species' extract contains novel compounds that possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.{{Cite journal|url = http://epubs.scu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1143&context=theses|title = Phytochemical studies and bioactivity of Centipeda and Eremophila species|last = Beattie|first = Karren D.|date = 2009|journal = PhD Thesis|publisher = Southern Cross University}}
Phylogeny
In 2012, Nylinder et al. published an estimation of the species tree phylogeny of the Australian/New Zealand genus Centipeda (Asteraceae) based on nucleotide sequence data.{{Cite journal|title = Species tree phylogeny and character evolution in the genus Centipeda (Asteraceae): Evidence from DNA sequences from coding and non-coding loci from the plastid and nuclear genomes|last = Nylinder|first = Stephan|date = Apr 2, 2013|journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.020|pmid = 23558159|volume=68|issue = 2|pages=239–250| bibcode=2013MolPE..68..239N }} Centipeda racemosa (snuffweed) is the sister to remaining species, which is also the only consistently perennial representative in the genus. Centipeda pleiocephala (tall sneezeweed) and C. nidiformis (cotton sneezeweed) constitute a species pair, as does C. borealis and C. minima (spreading sneezeweed), all sharing the symplesiomorphic characters of spherical capitulum and convex receptacle with C. racemosa. Another species group comprising C. thespidioides (desert sneezeweed), Centipeda cunninghamii (old man weed, or common sneezeweed), C. crateriformis is well supported but then include the morphologically aberrant C. aotearoana, all sharing the character of having capitula that mature more slowly relative the subtending shoot. Centipeda elatinoides takes on a weakly supported intermediate position between the two mentioned groups, and is difficult to relate to any of the former groups based on morphological characters.
References
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