Central Bank of Russia

File:Stamp-russia2010-bank-of-russia.png

{{Banking in Russia}}

Shortly after declaring sovereignty in June 1990, the Russian SFSR decreed the creation of a central bank under the leadership of {{ill|Georgy Matiukhin|ru|Матюхин, Георгий Гаврилович}}. Matiukhin commandeered Russian branches of the State Bank of the USSR and brought them under the control of the Bank of the RSFSR. A comprehensive central bank statute was passed in December 1990 and the bank adopted a charter in June 1991. A remnant of the State Bank continued to operate alongside it until it was dissolved along with the Soviet Union in December 1991, and the Bank of Russia assumed its remaining business.{{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Juliet|title=A Fistful of Rubles|year=2000}}

Since 1992, the Bank of Russia began to buy and sell foreign currency on the foreign exchange market created by it, establish and publish the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the ruble.

In 2006 capital controls mandate by the RCB began to ease, as confidence in the ruble mounted from the depths of the 1990s.{{cite news |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/russia-eurasia/politika/2023/10/russias-capital-controls-are-designed-to-aid-putins-2024-re-election?lang=en%5D |first=Alexandra |last=Prokopenko |title=Russia's Capital Controls Are Designed to Aid Putin's 2024 Re-Election |publisher=Carnegie |date=19 October 2023 |access-date=10 February 2025}} Legislation continued to ease through the 2010s. The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine reversed this trend.

In August 2023 the RCB raised the primary interest rate from 8.5% to 12%. At the same time president Vladimir Putin was said to be considering capital controls on exporters from Russia, who would have to convert 80% of foreign funds to the ruble. This would be done in order artificially to increase demand for the domestic currency.{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/aug/16/putin-meeting-capital-controls-rouble-report |title=Putin to discuss capital controls to help prop up rouble, report says |newspaper=The Guardian |date=16 August 2023 |last1=Roth |first1=Andrew }} In April 2024 this measure was prolonged for another year, from the original term of six months.{{cite news |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/russia-extends-mandatory-fx-convertion-for-major-exporters-ebdf5b53 |agency=AFP |publisher=Barron's |title=Russia Extends Mandatory FX Conversion for Major Exporters }} It was reported that "43 major Russian commodities groups" were affected. At the time the ruble was trading at 93 to the US dollar.

In October 2023 western firms that wanted to exit the Russian economy were doubly fleeced when they were told about extraordinary capital controls.{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e0216489-a57d-46d2-90b9-b2e26b0a9973 |title=Russia tightens capital controls on western companies |publisher=Financial Times |date=19 October 2023 |access-date=10 February 2025}} On 15 July 2024 the CBRF closed the statistics of the over-the-counter currency market; at the time it was under pressure from international sanctions over the Russian invasion of Ukraine.{{cite news |url=https://www.interfax.ru/business/970928 |title=The Central Bank of the Russian Federation closed the statistics of the over-the-counter currency market |publisher=Interfax |date=15 July 2024 |access-date=10 February 2025}}

On 26 July 2024 the CBRF hiked its primary interest rate by 200 basis points to 18%.{{cite news |url=https://www.cbr.ru/eng/press/pr/?file=26072024_133000Key_e.htm | title=Bank of Russia increases the key rate by 200 bp to 18.00% p.a. | Bank of Russia }}{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/rates-bonds/russian-central-bank-hikes-rates-by-200-bps-18-highest-more-than-two-years-2024-07-26/ |title=Russian Central Bank hikes rates |publisher=Reuters |date=26 July 2024 |access-date=10 February 2025}} In 2024 Q2, core inflation increased to 9.2% in annualised terms and labour shortages continued to grow.

In September 2024 it was reported that the RCB had allowed the Rosoboronexport to buy US banknotes from the Rwandan Ministry of Defence while entities in Russia were interdicted from having US currency.{{cite news |url=https://www.moscowtimes.ru/2024/09/02/rossiya-nachala-zakupat-dollarovie-banknoti-v-afrike-a141003 |title=Россия начала закупать долларовые банкноты в Африке |date=2 September 2024 }}

On 13 September 2024 the RCB raised its primary interest rate to 19%.{{cite news |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/09/13/russias-central-bank-raises-rates-to-19-as-inflation-ticks-up-a86365 |title=Russia's Central Bank Raises Rates to 19% as Inflation Ticks up |date=13 September 2024 }}{{cite news |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10753849/war-in-ukraine-worsens-inflation-russian-central-bank-hikes-rates/ |title=As war in Ukraine worsens inflation, Russian central bank hikes rates - National | Globalnews.ca }}{{cite news |url=https://www.euronews.com/business/2024/09/13/russias-central-bank-hikes-rates-to-fight-inflation-fueled-by-military-spending |title=Russia's central bank hikes interest rates in a bid to fight inflation |date=13 September 2024 }}

According to the constitution, it is an independent entity, with the primary responsibility of protecting the stability of the national currency, the ruble.{{cite web|url=http://www.cbr.ru/eng/analytics/bank_system/print.asp?file=bank_laws_e.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017042502/http://www.cbr.ru/eng/analytics/bank_system/print.asp?file=bank_laws_e.htm|archivedate=17 October 2017|title=Banking Legislation|website=Bank of Russia}}

Before 1 September 2013, it was the main regulator of the Russian banking industry, responsible for banking licenses, rules of banking operations and accounting standards, serving as a lender of last resort for credit organizations. After pointed date functions and powers of CBR were significantly expanded and the central bank received the status of a mega-regulator of all financial markets of Russia.[http://www.bis.org/review/r170314h.htm "Elvira Nabiullina: Establishing a mega regulator for the Russian financial sector"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017043853/http://www.bis.org/review/r170314h.htm |date=17 October 2017 }}, Bank for International Settlements : Central bankers' speeches : Speech by Ms Elvira Nabiullina, Governor of the Bank of Russia, at the Federation Council, Moscow, 15 February 2017.

It holds the exclusive right to issue ruble banknotes and coins through the Moscow and St. Petersburg mints, the

Goznak mint.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} The central bank issues commemorative coins made of precious and non-precious metals as well as investment ones made of precious metals, which are distributed inside and outside the country.{{cite web |url=http://www.cbr.ru/eng/bank-notes_coins/memorable_coins/ |title=Commemorative Coins – Banknotes and Coins – Bank of Russia |work=cbr.ru |access-date=28 January 2013 |archive-date=29 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129213307/http://cbr.ru/eng/bank-notes_coins/memorable_coins/ |url-status=live }} In 2010, in honor of its 150th anniversary it issued a 5-kilo commemorative gold coin Alexander II.[http://www.financialexpress.com/news/russia-to-issue-5-kg-gold-coin/620822/ "Russia to issue 5 kg gold coin"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523130322/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/russia-to-issue-5-kg-gold-coin/620822/ |date=23 May 2010 }}, The Financial Express. 19 May 2010. Accessed 19 May 2010.

Under Russian law, half of the bank's profit must be channeled into the government's federal budget. The Central Bank of Russia is a member of the BIS.{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323717004578157152464486598 |title=Inside the Risky Bets of Central Banks |last1=Hilsenrath |first1=Jon |last2=Blackstone |first2=Brian |date=2012-12-12 |website=wsj.com |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=2021-12-21 |quote= |archive-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051951/https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323717004578157152464486598 |url-status=live }}

The Bank of Russia owns a 57.58% stake in Sberbank, the country's leading commercial bank.

The Bank of Russia also owns a 100% stake in Russian National Reinsurance Company (RNRC), the biggest national reinsurance company. The RNRC was established in July 2016 to prevent possible problems with reinsurance of large risks under international sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War, like constructing the Crimean Bridge.[http://sevendaynews.com/2016/07/04/putin-signed-a-law-establishing-a-national-reinsurance-company "Putin signed a law establishing a National reinsurance company"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527115255/http://sevendaynews.com/2016/07/04/putin-signed-a-law-establishing-a-national-reinsurance-company/ |date=27 May 2020 }}, World News, Breaking News, 4 July 2016.

The Bank of Russia is actively working on financial literacy of the population. In particular, the [https://fincult.info/ Fincult] project is developing a website with materials aimed at improving financial literacy of the population, combating fraud through a description of all fraudulent schemes.

The Bank of Russia is also involved in working with citizens' pension savings. Pensions in Russia remain very low. For 2024, the minimum social pension is set at [https://sfr.gov.ru/grazhdanam/pensionres/soc%20doplata/~10041 13,269 rubles (147 US dollars)]. Since there is not enough money in the budget, citizens are offered to save for retirement on their own. To this end, since 2024, the Bank of Russia and all its regional divisions have been actively promoting the Long-term [https://cbr.ru/RSCI/activity%20npf/program/ Savings Program developed by the Bank of Russia.]

The main feature of the long–term savings program is co-financing by the state. That is, citizens who have joined the program will receive an increase in their savings from the state for a certain time. Thus, people can form additional capital for their priority goals in the future, for example, to buy a home or educate children, create a financial "safety cushion" or use this money as an increase to a pension, she said in an [https://bankiros.ru/news/programma-dolgosrocnyh-sberezenij-dopolnitelnyj-kapital-na-prioritetnye-v-budusem-celi-14950 interview Bankiros.ru] representative of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation Larisa Pavlova.

A key prospective witness in improper financial affairs was Lyubov Tarasova ({{langx|ru|Любовь Тарасова}}) who was a senior auditor for the Central Bank of Russia and worked for the "Unicom" ({{langx|ru|"Юникон"}}) auditing firm which had been established on 20 August 1991 and was responsible for "checking the correctness of the documentation and the essence of business transactions that are in doubt" ({{langx|ru|"проверка правильности документального оформления и сущности хозяйственных операций, вызывающих сомнение"}}), but was stabbed to death in her apartment in Moscow on 15-16 October 1997.{{cite news |url=http://russianlaw.org/004.htm |title=Arthur Christy. Inkombank lawyer former US Attorney: US lawyers hired as spin doctors for Russian mob |work=US-Russia Press Club |via=russianlaw.org |date=30 April 1999 |access-date=10 April 2021 |archive-date=1 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701095101/http://russianlaw.org/004.htm}}{{cite news |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/186099 |title=Убили аудитора: Убит хранитель тайн Центробанка |trans-title=The auditor was killed: Keeper of secrets of the Central Bank killed |lang=ru |work=Kommersant |date=18 October 1997 |access-date=8 April 2021 |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411022224/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/186099 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/186089 |title=били аудитора: Кого проверяла Любовь Тарасова |trans-title=The auditor was killed: Whom Lyubov Tarasova checked |lang=ru |work=Kommersant |date=18 October 1997 |access-date=10 April 2021 |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411022225/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/186089 |url-status=live }}

In 2017, within the framework of a joint anti-phishing project of the Bank of Russia and search engine Yandex, a special check mark (a green circle with a tick and 'Реестр ЦБ РФ' (Bank of Russia Register) text box) appeared in the search results, informing the consumer that the website is really owned by a legally registered company licensed by the Bank of Russia.{{Cite web |url=http://www.cbr.ru/eng/Press/event/?id=1188 |title=Bank of Russia to mark microfinance organisations on the Internet {{!}} Банк России |website=www.cbr.ru |access-date=2017-08-16 |archive-date=23 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023015406/http://www.cbr.ru/eng/Press/event/?id=1188 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.cbr.ru/eng/press/event/?id=1568 |title=Insurers' websites receive first marks {{!}} Банк России |website=www.cbr.ru |access-date=2018-02-14 |archive-date=23 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023113647/http://www.cbr.ru/eng/press/event/?id=1568 |url-status=live }}

The President of the Board of Directors of the Central Bank is the head of the central banking system of the Russian Federation. The Governor is chosen by the President of Russia; and serves for four-year-terms after appointment. A Governor may be appointed for several consecutive terms (Sergey Ignatyev was the Governor of the Central Bank for 11 years, and he was appointed three times, in the longest serving term in post-soviet Russia).

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File:Yakimanka District, Moscow, Russia - panoramio (309).jpg]]

The Central Bank of Russia holds directly significant participatory interests in a number of Russian companies:

• Sberbank of Russia (50%+1 voting share of the stock);
• Moscow Exchange (11.779% of the stock);
• Russian National Reinsurance Company (100% of the stock);
• Trust company of the Banking Sector Consolidation Fund (100% of the stock);
• Rosincas (Russian Association of Cash-in-transit).

Additionally, the Bank of Russia held earlier interests in some other Russian organizations. In particular, after the liquidation of Gosbank (State Bank of the USSR), the CBR beneficially acquired complete or controlling interests in five so-called "Russian Foreign Banks" (until 1991 – "Soviet Foreign Banks"):

• VTB Bank (99.99% of the stock – until 2002, now - 60.9% owned by The Federal Agency for State Property Management (Rosimushchestvo) );
• Donau Bank AG, Vienna;
• East-West United Bank, Luxemburg;
• Eurobank, Paris;
• Moscow Narodny Bank, London;
• Ost-West Handelsbank, Frankfurt am Main.

All of them were members of the USSR Vnesheconombank system and were transferred to the CBR in 1992 by the Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Russia.{{Cite news |last=Овчинников |first=О. (Ovchinnikov, O.) |date=8 November 2000 |title=ЦБ - центральный Банд ... |trans-title=Central Bank - Central Gang ... |work=Compromat.ru |url=http://www.compromat.ru/page_10394.htm |access-date=10 April 2021 |language=ru |archive-date=23 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423023359/http://www.compromat.ru/page_10394.htm |url-status=live }} For over five years – 2000 to 2005 – all stocks of the Russian Foreign Banks were being purchased from the Bank of Russia by VTB Bank.{{cite news |url=http://www.compromat.ru/imgup/converted_18319.jpg |title="Дочерние" российские зарубежные банки и сеть ВТБ: доли ЦБ, ВТБ и др. |trans-title=Russian Foreign "Daughter" Banks and the VTB Network: stakes held by Central Bank, VTB, others |work=compromat.ru |date=February 2005 |access-date=15 July 2021 |quote= |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316044127/http://www.compromat.ru/imgup/converted_18319.jpg |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Бирман |first=Александр (Birman, Alexander) |url=https://ko.ru/document.asp?d_no=11319&p=1 |title=В советских сетях: Нефтедоллары пойдут по проверенным каналам загранбанков |trans-title=In Soviet networks: Oil dollars will go through proven channels of foreign banks |work=Компании Деловой Еженедельник (ko.ru) |date=21 February 2005 |access-date=15 July 2021 |archive-date=13 March 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050313182643/https://ko.ru/document.asp?d_no=11319&p=1}}{{efn|In 1998, "Northern Alliance" ({{langx|ru|«Северный Альянс»}}) associated with Saint Petersburg included directors and shareholders of Tokobank ({{langx|ru|Токобанк}}) including Sudhir Gupta, owner of Amtel Tire Holding and controlled Yunicbank ({{langx|ru|Юникбанк}}), whose August 1998 head of the supervisory board was Stepan Kovalchuk ({{langx|ru|Степан Ковальчук}}), the chairman of the board of Flamingo Bank ({{langx|ru|банк «Фламинг»}}). Stepan Kovalchuk is a grand-nephew of Yuri Kovalchuk.{{cite news |last1=Рубин |first1=Михаил (Rubin, Mikhail) |last2=Баданин |first2=Роман (Badanin, Roman) |url=https://www.proekt.media/narrative/telegram-kanaly/ |title=Телега из Кремля. Рассказ о том, как власти превратили Telegram в телевизор |trans-title=A cart from the Kremlin. The story of how the authorities turned Telegram into a TV |language=ru |work=Проект (proekt.media) |date=28 November 2018 |access-date=15 July 2021 |archive-date=11 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111184923/https://www.proekt.media/narrative/telegram-kanaly/ |url-status=live }}}}

As part of the financial support to credit institutions, the Bank of Russia invests in them through the Banking Sector Consolidation Fund and acquires (on a temporary and indirect basis) shares in the equity of such banks. The first project of this kind was Otkritie FC Bank, in summer 2017.

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{{legend|#EE220C|Russian inflation rate}}

{{legend-line|#00A2FF solid 3px|Central Bank of Russia key interest rate}}

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File:Russian bonds.webps to tame inflation during their wars (Russo-Georgian War, Russo-Ukrainian War, 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine)

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In December 2014, amidst falling global oil prices, international sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War, capital flight, and fears of recession, the bank had increased the one-week minimum auction repo rate up by 6.5 points to 17 percent. This caused a run on the ruble, and on 29 January, the bank decreased the rate by two points to 15 percent.

In January 2015, the head of monetary policy, Ksenia Yudayeva, a proponent of strict anti-inflation policy, was replaced by Dmitry Tulin, who is "seen as more acceptable to bankers, who have called for lower interest rates".{{cite news |author1=Jason Bush, Lidia Kelly and Alexander Winning |title=Russian central bank makes surprise interest rate cut |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-crisis-cenbank-rates-idUSKBN0L311Q20150130 |access-date=31 January 2015 |work=Reuters |date=30 January 2015 |archive-date=30 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130215949/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/30/us-russia-crisis-cenbank-rates-idUSKBN0L311Q20150130 |url-status=live}}

In response to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis, multiple countries imposed economic sanctions against Russian banks. On 22 February 2022, US president Joe Biden announced restrictions of activities by US citizens involved with the Bank of Russia and others.{{cite web |title=Fact Sheet: United States Imposes First Tranche of Swift and Severe Costs on Russia |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/22/fact-sheet-united-states-imposes-first-tranche-of-swift-and-severe-costs-on-russia/ |website=The White House |date=22 February 2022 |access-date=23 February 2022 |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409115625/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/22/fact-sheet-united-states-imposes-first-tranche-of-swift-and-severe-costs-on-russia/ |url-status=live }} In March, the Bank of International Settlements suspended the Bank of Russia.{{Cite web|url=https://www.centralbanking.com/node/7938076|title=IMF approves $1.4 billion Ukraine aid and BIS suspends Russia|date=10 March 2022|website=Central Banking}} In March 2022, the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation blocked Russian securities from the Bank of Russia and Russia's finance ministry.{{Cite web |last=Lomax |first=Securities Finance Times reporter Jenna |date=March 2, 2022 |title=DTCC blocks Russian securities from Bank of Russia |url=https://www.securitiesfinancetimes.com/securitieslendingnews/article.php?article_id=225383 |website=www.securitiesfinancetimes.com |access-date=23 April 2022 |archive-date=23 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423213441/https://www.securitiesfinancetimes.com/securitieslendingnews/article.php?article_id=225383 |url-status=live }}

At the end of May 2022, three months into the invasion of Ukraine, the central bank cut interest rates in an effort to prop up the increasingly isolated Russian economy, suffering shortages and supply chain issues. The inflation rate rose to 17.8 percent in April. Also the ruble reached its strongest level against the U.S. dollar in four years, hurting exports.{{Cite news |last1=Cohen |first1=Patricia |last2=Nelson |first2=Eshe |last3=Safronova |first3=Valeriya |last4=Levenson |first4=Michael |date=2022-05-26 |title=As Russia Diverges From the Global Economy, Soviet-Style Scarcity Looms |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/26/world/europe/russia-economy-sanctions.html |access-date=2022-05-27 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527131840/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/26/world/europe/russia-economy-sanctions.html |url-status=live }} The central bank announced a possible rate cut in 2025 due to stabilising inflation on the 1000th day of the Ukraine war.{{cite news |title=Central Bank of Russia could begin cutting key rate in 2025 if inflation slows, absent any shocks - Nabiullina |url=https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/107875/ |access-date=19 November 2024 |work=interfax.com}}

Sanctions also included asset freezes on the Russian Central Bank,{{cite news |last1=Kirschenbaum |first1=J. |title=Now is not the time to confiscate Russia's central bank reserves |url=https://www.bruegel.org/2022/05/now-is-not-the-time-to-confiscate-russias-central-bank-reserves/ |work=Bruegel |date=16 May 2022 |access-date=15 June 2022 |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702231643/https://www.bruegel.org/2022/05/now-is-not-the-time-to-confiscate-russias-central-bank-reserves/ |url-status=live }} which holds $630 billion in foreign-exchange reserves,{{cite news |last1=Davidson |first1=Kate |last2=Weaver |first2=Aubree Eliza |title=The West declares economic war on Russia |url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/morning-money/2022/02/28/the-west-declares-economic-war-on-russia-00012208 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/morning-money/2022/02/28/the-west-declares-economic-war-on-russia-00012208 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |work=Politico |date=28 February 2022}} to prevent it from offsetting the impact of sanctions.{{cite news |last=Pop |first=Valentina |date=25 February 2022 |title=EU leaders agree more Russia sanctions, but save some for later |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/8b99b33b-92b0-42f4-ac02-ecbc9fae4c4c |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220226/https://www.ft.com/content/8b99b33b-92b0-42f4-ac02-ecbc9fae4c4c |archive-date=26 February 2022 }} On 5 May 2022, President of the European Council Charles Michel said: "I am absolutely convinced that this is extremely important not only to freeze assets but also to make possible to confiscate it, to make it available for the rebuilding" of Ukraine.{{cite news |title=Germany open to Russian Central Bank asset seizure to finance Ukraine's recovery |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/eastern-europe/news/germany-open-to-russian-central-bank-asset-seizure-to-finance-ukraines-recovery/ |work=Euractiv |date=17 May 2022 |access-date=15 June 2022 |archive-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025192552/https://www.euractiv.com/section/eastern-europe/news/germany-open-to-russian-central-bank-asset-seizure-to-finance-ukraines-recovery/ |url-status=live }}

{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}

• Banking in Russia
• Economy of Russia
• Gosbank
• Goznak
• International Reserves of the Russian Federation
• Andrey Kozlov
• National Foreign Exchange Association
• Russian National Card Payment System
• List of financial regulatory authorities by jurisdiction
• List of central banks

{{div col end}}

{{Notelist}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite journal |first=Peter |last=Barenboim |title=Constitutional Economics and the Bank of Russia |journal=Fordham Journal of Corporate and Financial Law |volume=7 |issue=1 |year=2001 |pages=160}}

{{Commons category}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071006231917/http://www.cbr.ru/eng/main.asp Bank of Russia] {{in lang|ru|en}} (archived)
• {{in lang|ru}} [http://www.vep.ru/bbl/history/cbr18-1.html Creation of the State Bank of the Russian Empire]
• {{in lang|ru}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070313224618/http://www.cbr.ru/today/history/empire_bank.asp State Bank of the Russian Empire at the site of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation] (archived)
• {{in lang|en}} [http://www.cbr.ru/Eng/today/?PrtId=impbank State Bank of the Russian Empire at the site of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation]

{{Economy of Russia}}

{{Russia topics}}

{{Central banks}}

{{Central Bank by country}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Economy of Russia

Category:Banks established in 1860

Category:1860 establishments in the Russian Empire

Category:Government agencies of Russia

Category:Russian entities subject to U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions

Category:Financial regulatory authorities of Russia