Central Bontok language

{{Infobox language

| name = Central Bontok

| altname = Central Bontoc

| states = Philippines

| region = Cordillera Administrative Region

| speakers = {{sigfig|19,600|2}}

| date = 2007 census

| ref = e25

| nativename = Bontoc, Bontoc Igorot, Kali

| iso3 = lbk

| glotto = cent2292

| familycolor = Austronesian

| fam1 = Malayo-Polynesian

| fam2 = Northern Luzon

| fam3 = Meso-Cordilleran

| fam4 = South-Central Cordilleran

| fam5 = Central Cordilleran

| fam6 = North-Central Cordilleran

| fam7 = Nuclear Cordilleran

| fam8 = Bontok-Kankanay

| fam9 = Bontok

}}

Central Bontok (or Kali) is a language of the Bontoc group from the Philippines. The 2007 census claimed there were 19,600 speakers.

Distribution

Ethnologue reports the following locations for Central Bontok:

Cordillera Administrative Region: Mountain Province: Bontoc municipality, Bontoc ili, Caluttit, Dalican, Guina-ang, Ma-init, Maligcong, Samoki, and Tocucan villages.

Dialects

Ethnologue reports 5 dialects for Central Bontok: Khinina-ang, Finontok, Sinamoki, Jinallik, Minaligkhong and Tinokukan.

Similarities

Ethnologue reports that the language is similar to other Bontoc languages, These languages are: North Bontok, Southwest Bontok, South Bontok, and East Bontok.

Phonology

=Consonants=

The Guinaang dialect of Central Bontok has the following inventory of consonant phonemes:{{cite web |author1=Lawrence A. Reid |authorlink1=Lawrence A. Reid |author2=Kikusawa Ritsuko |title=Orthography |website=Talking Dictionary of Khinina-ang Bontok |url=https://htq.minpaku.ac.jp/databases/bontok/aboutOrthography.jsp |location=Osaka |publisher=National Museum of Ethnography |access-date=8 Jun 2022}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
colspan="2" \| ! Labial ! Alveolar ! Palatal ! Velar ! Glottal
rowspan="3" \| Plosive ! {{small\|plain voiceless}} \| {{IPAlink\|p}} \| {{IPAlink\|t}} \| \| {{IPAlink\|k}} \| {{IPAlink\|ʔ}}
{{small\|aspirated voiceless}} \| \| \| \| {{IPAlink\|kʰ}} \|
{{small\|voiced}} \| {{IPAlink\|b}} \| {{IPAlink\|d}} \| \| {{IPAlink\|ɡ}} \|
colspan="2" \| Affricate \| \| {{IPAlink\|ts}} \| \| \|
colspan="2" \| Fricative \| {{IPAlink\|f}} \| {{IPAlink\|s}} \| \| \| {{IPAlink\|h}}
colspan="2" \| Nasal \| {{IPAlink\|m}} \| {{IPAlink\|n}} \| \| {{IPAlink\|ŋ}} \|
colspan="2" \| Approximant \| \| {{IPAlink\|l}} \| {{IPAlink\|j}} \| {{IPAlink\|w}} \|
colspan="2" \| Rhotic \| \| {{IPAlink\|ɾ}} \| \| \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

colspan="2" |

! Labial

! Alveolar

! Palatal

! Velar

! Glottal

rowspan="3" | Plosive

! {{small|plain voiceless}}

| {{IPAlink|p}}

| {{IPAlink|t}}

|

| {{IPAlink|k}}

| {{IPAlink|ʔ}}

|

| {{IPAlink|kʰ}}

|

| {{IPAlink|b}}

| {{IPAlink|d}}

|

| {{IPAlink|ɡ}}

|

colspan="2" | Affricate

|

| {{IPAlink|ts}}

|

colspan="2" | Fricative

| {{IPAlink|f}}

| {{IPAlink|s}}

|

| {{IPAlink|h}}

colspan="2" | Nasal

| {{IPAlink|m}}

| {{IPAlink|n}}

|

| {{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|

colspan="2" | Approximant

|

| {{IPAlink|l}}

| {{IPAlink|j}}

| {{IPAlink|w}}

|

colspan="2" | Rhotic

|

| {{IPAlink|ɾ}}

|

Originally (as documented in the mid 20th century), the sounds pairs {{IPA|[b ~ f]}}, {{IPA|[d ~ ts]}}, {{IPA|[g ~ kʰ]}}, {{IPA|[l ~ ɾ]}} were in complementary distribution and thus allophones of the phonemes {{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/d/}}, {{IPA|/g/}}, and {{IPA|/l/}}, respectively (e.g. {{IPA|[ˈtsaɾa]}} for {{IPA|/ˈdala/}} "blood"). With the introduction of loanwords from English, Ilokano and Tagalog, these contrasts have become phonemicized. The phoneme {{IPA|/h/}} was also introduced in modern loanwords.