Central Plains Mandarin

{{Short description|Group of dialects of Mandarin Chinese

}}

{{Refimprove |date = November 2014}}

{{Infobox language

|name = Central Plains Mandarin

|nativename = 中原官话
Zhongyuan Guanhua

|region = Yellow River Plain

|speakers = {{sigfig|169.41|2}} million

|date = 1982

|ref = {{Sfn|Gu|2009|p=214}}

|familycolor = Sino-Tibetan

|fam2 = Sinitic

|fam3 = Chinese

|fam4 = Mandarin

| script = Chinese characters, Xiao'erjing (historical)

|map = Mandarín zhongyuan.png

|mapcaption = {{imagefact|date=November 2022}}

|isoexception = dialect

|iso6 = zgyu

|linglist = cmn-zho

|glotto = huab1238

|glottoname = Central Plain Guanhua

|glotto2=zhon1236

|glottoname2=Zhongyuan

|lingua=79-AAA-bf

}}

Central Plains Mandarin, or Zhongyuan Mandarin ({{zh |t = 中原官話 |s = 中原官话 |p = Zhōngyuán Guānhuà}}), is a variety of Mandarin Chinese spoken in the central and southern parts of Shaanxi, Henan, southwestern part of Shanxi, southern part of Gansu, far southern part of Hebei, northern Anhui, northern parts of Jiangsu, southern Xinjiang and southern Shandong.{{Sfnm |1a1 = Chappell |1y = 2002 |1p = 244 |2a1 = Gu |2y = 2009 |2p = 214 |3a1 = Chirkova |3y = 2008}}

The archaic dialect in Peking opera is a form of Zhongyuan Mandarin.

Among Hui people, Zhongyuan Mandarin is sometimes written with the Arabic alphabet, called Xiao'erjing ("Children's script").

Subdialects

File:Centralia.png

File:高耀潔:抗艾滋必須實事求是.webm, a Chinese HIV doctor from Cao County, Shandong.]]

File:一个矿工的中国梦2015 (中原官话-陕西旬阳话).webm from Xunyang County, Shaanxi. Note that in most varieties of Chinese, the written discourse is largely the equivalent of reading a text of Standard Beijing Mandarin in a non-Beijing phonology.]]

File:WIKITONGUES- Ying speaking Henan Chinese.webm, Henan.]]

  • Zheng-Kai (郑开) region: e.g. Kaifeng (开封) dialect, Zhengzhou (郑州) dialect
  • Luo-Song (洛嵩) region: e.g. Luoyang dialect (洛阳话)
  • Nan-Lu (南阳) region: e.g. Nanyang (南阳) dialect
  • Luo-Xiang (漯项) region: e.g. Zhumadian (驻马店) dialect
  • Shang-Fu (商阜) region: e.g. Shangqiu (商丘) dialect, Fuyang (阜阳) dialect
  • Xin-Beng (信蚌) region: e.g. Xinyang (信阳) dialect, Bengbu (蚌埠) dialect
  • Yan-He (兖菏) region: e.g. Jining (济宁) dialect
  • Xu-Huai (徐淮) region: e.g. Xuzhou dialect (徐州话)
  • Fenhe (汾河) region: e.g. Linfen (临汾) dialect, Wanrong (万荣) dialect
  • Guanzhong region (关中), e.g. Xi'an (西安) dialect
  • Qin-Long (秦陇) region: e.g. Xining (西宁) dialect, Dunhuang (敦煌) dialect
  • Longzhong (陇中) region: e.g. Tianshui (天水) dialect, Dingxi (定西) dialect{{Cite book|last1=Wang|first1=Menghuan|last2=Ma|first2=Shuzhen|last3=Hu|first3=Axu|chapter=Experimental Study on Citation Tone of Dingxi Dialect in Gansu Province |date=2021|editor-last=Tavana|editor-first=Madjid|editor2-last=Nedjah|editor2-first=Nadia|editor3-last=Alhajj|editor3-first=Reda|title=Emerging Trends in Intelligent and Interactive Systems and Applications|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gtQPEAAAQBAJ&q=dingxi%2C+gansu&pg=PA340|series=Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing|volume=1304|language=en|location=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|pages=340–345|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-63784-2_43|isbn=978-3-030-63784-2|s2cid=230557863 }}
  • Hezhou (河州) Region: e.g. Gangou dialect (甘沟话) (influenced by Monguor)
  • Nanjiang (南疆) Region: e.g. Yanqi dialect, Tulufan dialect
  • Dungan language, written in Cyrillic, introduced many Russian loanwords, spoken mainly in Chu Valley and Fergana Valley in Central Asia

Phonology

In Central Plains Mandarin, some phonological changes have affected certain syllables but not Standard Chinese.

{{IPA|[p]}} and {{IPA|[pʰ]}} have shifted to {{IPA|[p͜f]}} before the vowel {{IPA|[u]}}.{{Cite book|title=Introduction To Chinese Dialectology|last=Mian Yan|first=Margaret|publisher=LINCOM EUROPA|year=2006|location=Germany|pages=73–74}}

class="wikitable"

!

! 布

! 跛

! 坡

! 朴

Middle Chinese Initial

| {{IPA|[p]}}

| {{IPA|[p]}}

| {{IPA|[pʰ]}}

| {{IPA|[pʰ]}}

Pinyin

| bù

| bǒ

| pō

| pǔ

Standard Mandarin

| {{IPAc-cmn|b|u|4

}

| {{IPAc-cmn|b|o|3|}}

| {{IPAc-cmn|p|o|1|}}

| {{IPAc-cmn|p|u|3|}}

|-

! Central Plains Mandarin

| {{IPA|[p͜fu]}}

| {{IPA|[p͜fo]}}

| {{IPA|[p͜fʰo]}}

| {{IPA|[p͜fʰu]}}

|}

Standard Mandarin's {{IPA|[t͡ʂ]}}, {{IPA|[t͡ʂʰ]}} and have shifted to {{IPA|[p͜f]}} before {{IPA|[u]}}. {{IPA|[ʂ]}} has shifted to {{IPA|[f]}} before {{IPA|[u]}}.

class="wikitable"

!

! 猪

! 初

! 书

! 熟

Middle Chinese Initial

| {{IPA|[ʈ]}}

| {{IPA|[t͡ʃʰ]}}

| {{IPA|[ɕ]}}

| {{IPA|[ʑ]}}

Pinyin

| zhū

| chū

| shū

| shú

Standard Mandarin

| {{IPAc-cmn|zh|u|1

}

| {{IPAc-cmn|ch|u|1|}}

| {{IPAc-cmn|sh|u|1|}}

| {{IPAc-cmn|sh|u|2|}}

|-

! Central Plains Mandarin

| {{IPA|[p͜fu]}}

| {{IPA|[p͜fu]}}

| {{IPA|[fu]}}

| {{IPA|[fu]}}

|}


See also

References

= Citations =

{{Reflist}}

= Sources =

{{refbegin}}

  • {{Citation

|last = Chappell

|first = Hilary

|author-link = Hilary Chappell

|editor1-last = Goddard

|editor1-first = Cliff

|editor2-last = Wierzbicka

|editor2-first = Anna

|year = 2002

|title = Meaning and Universal Grammar

|contribution = The Universal Syntax of Semantic Primes in Mandarin Chinese

|series = Studies in Language Companion Series

|volume = v. 60

|publisher = John Benjamins

|publication-place = Amsterdam; Philadelphia

|isbn = 1588112659

|issn = 0165-7763

|oclc = 752499720

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TM3_HBV7mcQC

|access-date = 17 November 2014

}}

  • {{Citation

|last = Gu

|first = Yueguo

|editor1-last = Brown

|editor1-first = Keith

|editor2-last = Ogilvie

|editor2-first = Sarah

|year = 2009

|orig-year = 2006

|title = Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World

|contribution = Chinese

|edition = {{Ordinal|1|sup=yes}}

|publisher = Elsevier

|publication-place = Oxford, England

|isbn = 9780080877747

|oclc = 264358379

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC

|access-date = 17 November 2014

}}

  • {{Citation

|last = Chirkova

|first = Ekaterina

|year = 2008

|title = Gˇei 'give' in Beijing and beyond

|journal = Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale

|issue = 37

|publisher = Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l'Asie orientale

|publication-place = Paris

|pages = 3–42

|issn = 0153-3320

|oclc = 793454655

|url = https://hal.inria.fr/file/index/docid/336148/filename/2008_Gei_CLAO_HAL.pdf

|access-date = 20 November 2014

}}

{{refend}}

{{-}}

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}

{{Chinese language}}

Category:Mandarin Chinese

Category:Articles containing video clips

{{St-lang-stub}}