Central Yakutian Lowland
{{Short description|Low alluvial plain in Siberia, Russia}}
{{Infobox landform
| name = Central Yakutian Lowland
| other_name = Центральноякутская равнина
Саха сирин ортоку намтала
| type = Alluvial plain
| photo = Саха (Якутия) Вилюйский улус (район) (10118557255).jpg
| caption = Taiga landscape in Vilyuy District
| coordinates = {{Coord|64|30|N|121|0|E|type:landform|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| area = {{Convert|270,000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| part_of = Siberia
| elevation = {{convert|60|m|sp=us}} to {{convert|200|m|sp=us}}
| map = Russia Sakha Republic
| map_caption = Location in Yakutia, Russia
| relief = 1
| location = Sakha Republic, Russia
}}
The Central Yakutian LowlandJohn Kimble (ed.), Cryosols: Permafrost-Affected Soils or the Central Yakutian Lowlands ({{langx|ru|Центральноякутская равнина|Tsentralnoyakutskaya ravnina}}; {{langx|sah|Саха сирин ортоку намтала}}),[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241484707_Physical_and_Chemical_Characteristics_of_Lakes_in_the_Central_Yakutian_Lowlands_Russia Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Lakes in the Central Yakutian Lowlands, Russia] also known as the Central Yakut Plain[https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/siberian-village Siberian Village; Land and Life in the Sakha Republic] or the Vilyuy Lowland,United States Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Fishery and Oceanography Translations, Issues 1-6, p. 48 is a low alluvial plain in Siberia, Russia.
Administratively the territory of the lowland is part of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). It is an extensive plain located in the transition zone between Central and Eastern Siberia and is one of the Great Russian Regions. The main city is Yakutsk, with a number of settlements near it, but the area of the lowland is largely uninhabited elsewhere.Google Earth
Geography
The Central Yakutian Lowlands extend along the middle basin of the Lena River and partly further downstream and are about {{convert|900|km|}} in length and {{convert|350|km|}} wide.Solov'ev, P. A., 1959, Permafrost zones of the northern part of the Lena-Amga Water-shed: Moscow, Nauka. (in Russian) They drop gradually from the Central Siberian Plateau to the west and the Lena Plateau to the south and southwest. To the northwest the lowland merges with the North Siberian Lowland and to the north it is bound by the watershed fringing the Lena and Olenyok River basins. To the northeast and east the Central Yakutian Lowland reaches the foothills of the Verkhoyansk Range, westernmost part of the East Siberian Mountains.[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article120587.html Central Yakutian Lowland] - Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Vol. 28, p. 513
The Central Yakutian Lowlands are a flat plain, slightly higher in its peripheral parts. Permafrost is continuous throughout the region. Owing to poor drainage, swamps and thermokarst lakes (alases), are common,[https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2003JD003680 Permafrost dynamics in the 20th and 21st centuries along the East Siberian transect] as well as low bulges or bumps known as "bulgunnyakh" ({{langx|sah|Булгунньах}}).[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/03/27/russian-scientists-find-7000-siberian-hills-possibly-filled-with-explosive-gas/ Russian scientists find 7,000 Siberian hills possibly filled with explosive gas] In the northwest the Tukulan (Тукуланы) sand dunes are relief forms shaped by aeolian processes along the valley of the Lena River.[https://eng.russia.travel/objects/314524/ Tukulan - The Yakut Desert] There are also some areas of high soil salinity.
=Hydrography=
There are hundreds of river valleys all across the lowlands, which, besides the Lena, include the lower reaches of the Lena tributaries Vilyuy, Amga and Aldan. The entire length of the course of some of the large left tributaries of the Lena, such as the Lungkha, Tyugyuene, Sitte, Khanchaly and Kenkeme, falls wholly within the lowland area.{{cite web|url=https://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm1000/p-51_52.jpg|title=Топографска карта P-51,52; M 1:1 000 000 - Topographic USSR Chart (in Russian)|access-date=9 April 2022}} These rivers are subject to spring floods during the thaw period and occasional rain floods in the summer. During the winter small rivers and rivulets freeze to the bottom. The largest lakes of the lowland are Nedzheli and Ulakhan-Kyuel.
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|File:Sibirien topo2.png regions.]] |
Geology
Geologically the lowland roughly corresponds to the eastern, lowest parts of the Vilyuy Syneclise. It is filled with Mesozoic deposits and Quaternary sands and loams, both of alluvial and eolian origin.
Climate and flora
The climate prevailing in the lowland is an extreme subarctic climate (Köppen Dfd), continental and harsh, characterized by a very low annual rainfall of barely {{convert|300|mm|}} per year. 70% to 80% of the precipitation falls in the summer, mostly in the form of rain. The average air temperature in January is a chilly {{convert|-45|C|sp=us}}. In July the average temperature is {{convert|17|C|sp=us}}.
Most of the lowland is covered by taiga in which larch predominates. There are as well areas of birch forests, marshes and grassy meadows.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}